"IRed Army iqembu": incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

"IRed Army iqembu" ingenye amaqembu kunazo owaziwa kwesokunxele-Iphiko isigamu kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili. Imisebenzi yaso kukhona ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka impikiswano esikhathini German kanye nomphakathi womhlaba wonke. Iqembu wasebenza ngawo Insimu iFederal Republic of Germany futhi waduma ngenxa yezenzo zakhe kwakwakhiwa obenziwa egameni inguquko kanye umzabalazo wokulwa uhlelo zama-Capitalist. Imibono kanye nemifanekiso ka-RAF (lokhu isifinyezo ngokuvamile atholakala emithonjeni isiRashiya njengoba inhlangano German ebizwa ngokuthi ngenhloko Armee Fraktion) ngokuvamile ugqozi leftists abasha namuhla.

ISENDLALELO SOMTHETHO

"IRed Army iqembu" yavela ngokusemthethweni ngo-1968. Nokho, inhlangano iqembu okwakwenzeke ngaphambili kakhulu. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, iJalimane yahlukaniswa yaba yizingxenye. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga kwakuhlezi amabutho aseMelika afika kanye British. Kule ndawo, ama-capitalism iFederal Republic of Germany yasungulwa. Uhulumeni ubekade kwencika sina US. Ngo-1960 isizukulwane esisha lapho Angikhumbuli samaNazi. Ziyakwazi ngendlela yabo ahumushe izenzakalo we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakheka igebe phakathi intsha kanye nabantu abadala ngaphezulu. Phakathi nezihlakaniphi baye sekwande kakhulu imibono leftist. Kancane kancane ngaqala ukutshala zondo towards uhulumeni ne-United States of America, kwakufanele nomthelela ukuphila nezombangazwe eJalimane.

US imperialism

Ngemva ayehlasela US Vietnam ukunganeliseki kuphela anda. Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela imibhikisho American. Isikhathi esiningi lezi zazibonisa umfundi. On endaweni iFederal Republic of Germany kukhona izinhlangano ngokwethukela, okuyizinto waphikiswa umbuso kwamanje. Ngenxa yokucindezela futhi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, zonke lezi zinhlangano awekho ngaphansi iPhalamende. Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-60s amaqembu umfundi ahlele imibuthano ahlukahlukene kanye nemibhikisho, zonke ingukuthula. ukuba amalungu angesikhathi esizayo RAF kukhona kutepolitiki. Kodwa yonke imizamo ukwakha isakhiwo ihlelwe akuyona ethwele impumelelo. Aphikisayo uhlukaniswe izinhlangano ezincane ahlukene ukuthi ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela izingxabano ngemibono.

abahlanganyeli

"IRed Army iqembu" kwakungelona amandla ezinkulu zezombangazwe noma isakhiwo omkhulu. abahlanganyeli wakhe asebenzayo bayazana futhi babe nezimfihlo kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwempilo likasoseshini zazingekho ngaphezulu abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu evela yefa langaphansi. Nokho, i-RAF eye yasebenzelana eduze namanye kwesokunxele-wing futhi lamaKhomanisi izinhlangano ezinkulu eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe. "IRed Army iqembu" kanye "Brigades Red" zivame ihlelwe ngokuhlanganyela isinyathelo esiqondile futhi wasiza nomunye.

Ngesikhathi impande RAF kwaba Andreas Baader. Wazalwa emndenini mlando futhi ugogo abafundile. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wathatha imisebenzi asebenzayo zenhlalo. Uzame ukuvula indawo lezingane ezingenamakhaya, wahlanganyela izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene nemiboniso. Ngemva kwati Gudrun Ensslin ziqala ukulwa onxiwankulu futhi uhulumeni German. Futhi njengoba umholi kusengathiwa Ulriku Maynhof. Indaba yakhe iyafana kakhulu Umlandvomphilo amalungu eliqavile RAF. Ulrika ekuseni wasala engasenabo abazali. Ngakhuliswa yizihlobo. Eyunivesithi watadisha ifilosofi kwabantu. Khona-ke wasebenza izincwadi ezihlukahlukene. Ngisho phakathi nesifundo sihlangabezane Spanish olukhulu ngakwesokunxele. Wabhala imisebenzi eminingana abadumile wezifundo zezombusazwe nefilosofi. Bekanye Baader futhi Ensslin Ulrike ehilelekile ukushiswa esitolo owawungumnyaka yekucala. Kungenxa yokuthi nezitolo ezinkulu umlotha e Frankfurt kwakukhona "iRed Army iqembu".

yokukhuphuka

Ngo-1968, amalungu RAF seludaliwe ezinye inhlangano. Ekanye nabanye abantu kwesokunxele-wing, babehlanganyela imiboniso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo saqala ukuba nemihlangano nezingxoxo mayelana nokwenzeka udlame olubhekiswe abaphikisi bakhe. Ngakho, kusukela namaphupho abasha, intsha yaphenduka self amaphekula abafuna sikulungele yini. Ukuvula iphuzu enkulu emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni we "iRed Army iqembu" angabhekwa ukubonakaliswa 1967. Ngo-June 2, iFederal Republic of Germany kwafika Shah Irana Mohammed Pahlavi. Khona-ke, izinkulungwane zabantu base bephuma bephikisana umashiqela Muslim. Isixuku unwabu beqala ukukhamuluka sathanda ukushayisana amaphoyisa, okwaphumela elinye lamaphoyisa badubule umfundi Benno Ohnesorg. Khona-ke wabaholi abasha waqaphela ukuthi uhlelo ngeke ubavumele lula ukusakaza imibono yabo.

wokhelwa

Ngemva konyaka, amalungu amaningana RAF umlilo nezitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu emzini Frankfurt. Ngokusho abangobhongoza yalesi senzo kwaba ukukhumbuza umphakathi YaseYurophu yokuthi kunamanye amazwe lapho laba bantu bayahlupheka ngenxa izimpi ezilwiwa ebumbene. Fire wabonakalisa napalm, okuyinto ukuthi amabutho kwehla phezu nemizana Vietnamese, evutha ukuba phansi. Bonke ababambiqhaza wokhelwa eseboshwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Bagwetshwe iminyaka emithathu yesigwebo sakhe kuleli koloni. Nokho, lesi sinqumo iye yabangela ukunganeliseki emphakathini West German. Le mibhikisho kubikwa ukuthi ophoqelelwe uhulumeni ukukhulula wonke amalungu RAF ngebheyili.

isinyathelo okuqondile

izinsuku Nine ngemva ukushiswa omunye amalungu eqembu kude kwesokudla kwenza umzamo phezu umfundi-sezenhlalo Rudi Dutschke. Ngemuva kwalo mzamo abaholi RAF unquma usuzothatha isinyathelo eziwukweqisa. Ababona enkantolo bese ufihle konke okwakufunwa yiziphathimandla. Nokho, ngo-1970, unyaka Baader baboshwe. Ulrike Meinhof enquma enza lwa cebo kwakwakhiwa ukuba kukhululwe kuzakwabo. Ukuba intatheli owaziwa, yena ngokoqobo sidilize yena imvume interview ne Andreas. It is zilethwe Institute of Sociology. Emhlanganweni, Ulrike wathatha isibhamu ngawo kwalimala unogada, babaleka nge Baader.

Ngokushesha ehlobo wayezihambela ithumela RAF Manifesto kwelinye namajenali German. Ngokwabo amalungu bakholwe ukubaleka Andreas ekuqaleni imisebenzi yayo. Meaning of igama elithi "impi ebomvu" kuchaza iqembu indlela ukubhekisela Russian ibutho wamavukelambuso ngo-1918. Ukuze uthole ngesisekelo izindlela ukulwa Abavukeli ukuthatha isipiliyoni izihlubuki Latin yabashokobezi abahlala emadolobheni.

Guerilla impi

Eminyakeni yokuqala emva Ukuphunyuka amalungu Baader RAF waqala ukulungiselela impi yabashokobezi. Bahlasela imoto ngalendoda namabhange yaphangwa. Futhi e-Berlin, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela ukweba kwemibhalo ngononina. Group isungule inethiwekhi olubabazeka kakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba. Kukhona abalandeli eziningi German "iRed Army", ibandla liye laqhubeka landa, kanye nezinsiza zokuqhubela. Uhulumeni kahle waqhamuka olukhulu, nga memezela them in the federal uhlu lwabantu abafunwa.

Ngo-1972 kwakungekho Esigamekweni sokuqala enkulu amaphekula. Kwesokunxele-iphiko fighters okuhleliwe uchungechunge ngamabhomu yonkana eJalimane. Izinhloso kuhlasela kube ukusungulwa ohambweni zokubonisana kanye nezinye-United States of America. Ngenxa RAF izenzo abantu 4 bashonile kwathi kweshumi eziningana kwalimala.

Ukuthwebula yabaholi

Ehlobo lika-1972, wonke amalungu eliqavile RAF baboshwa. On the inhlangano "iRed Army iqembu" waliloba cindezela emhlabeni. Vikela iziboshwa zivela abameli abaziwayo. Leftists emhlabeni wonke aphethwe imibhikisho. Isazi sefilosofi esidumile French Jean Pol Sartr bengabavakashela eJalimane, lapho ahlangana neziboshwa Baader. Umfanekiso ukholo waqoqa abalandeli entsha kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isizukulwane RAF yesibili". Lenza uchungechunge okubulala kalowo ukuthatha ukuze athole Uhulumeni wokukhulula German zamaphekula.

Elinye lamacala edume kakhulu kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ekuthatheni inkampani izindiza "Lufthansa" amalungu Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Noma kunjalo, zonke izikhulu zakwa-RAF bagwetshwa udilikajele. Ngo 1976-1977, konke lafela ejele ngaphansi kwezimo ezisolisayo Shtamhaym. Ngokusho neziphathimandla, imbangela uzibulele ngokuhlanganyela. Nokho, le nguqulo ingabe siswele ukuthembeka, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa ngobucayi okuqukethwe nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukuzibulala amaphekula evalelwe yedwa.

nokonakala

Ngemva kokufa Baader, Meinhof nabanye-RAF, uquqaba lwezingelosi abalandeli. Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, baye benza ukuhlaselwa ngesibindi nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu futhi izinkampane ezinkulu. Ngo-1998, akabange esaba khona "iRed Army iqembu". Chaza kwaba amalungu wamemezela okubizwa ngokuthi "kwesizukulwane sesine." Isizathu bona waveza ngobuze umzabalazo okwengeziwe, futhi ukucindezela kumshini ingcindezelo isimo.

Noma kunjalo, ngo medium nezazi ngakwesokunxele, kukhona abasekeli abaningi RAF kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngo izinhliziyo Abavukeli abasha usaphila, "iRed Army iqembu". Umlando waleli qembu wakha sisekelo amabhayisikobho amaningi nezingoma.