Izinkomo inyama zohlobo: izeluleko kulinywe kanye nezici

Izinkomo zizalela feeds isintu manje ukuthi irowu ubudala, kusinike inyama, ubisi izikhumba. Yiqiniso, eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobonhlobo izinkomo yobisi bafeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu emazweni amaningi kodwa namanje izinkomo inyama hlobo ngesisekelo inhlalakahle emazweni amaningi (Canada, Brazil, Argentina).

Izimo yokugcina kungenxa yokuthi eminyakeni yamuva zimakwe ngumuntu okuqhubekayo e izindleko inyama kanye nenyama imikhiqizo. Ngakho, zokuzalanisa lezi izilwane ekubeni ibhizinisi oholela kangcono. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa inyama yezinkomo zohlobo eRussia namanje ezingavamile kakhulu, okuyinto into edabukisayo.

Izici Izinkomo ezinjalo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abangaphezu kuka izinkulungwane izinhlobo ezahlukene izinkomo ezikhona emhlabeni. Kodwa lisho inyama hhayi abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu wabo. Lezi amadwala kukhona linesizotha kakhulu kwesimo sezulu kanye izimo zemvelo, babe ukumelana okuhle ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Nge efanele inhlangano inqubo zinhlobo zizalela yenkomo izinkomo kunenzuzo kakhulu ngoba idinga ukubamba komphakathi iqhaza komuntu ubuncane enqubeni. Iqiniso lokuthi la izinkomo kungukuthi milked. Amankonyane nazo nonina kuze kube izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi yimuphi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile zidinga.

Ikhwalithi ukukhiqizwa yenkomo izinkomo

Uma siqhathanisa nabo izinhlobo yobisi, banalo izimfanelo bahlaba umxhwele nakakhulu elikhiqizayo: izinkomo 100 aphume oda lamathole 95, inkunzi amathole kunezelwa usuku olulodwa nje 1050-1200 amagremu inyama okumsulwa. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngayinye kilogram of kwesisindo ichithwa okuphakelayo amayunithi 6,5-7 kuphela.

Ukubaluleka kukhethwa indawo

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi imiphumela eliphezulu inyama yezinkomo zohlobo show kuphela uma kahle ukhethe elikhulu yemvelo sezulu zone. Uma uhlobo akuyona bazivumelanisa lakho zone sezulu, izilwane ziyancipha kakhulu ukumelana nezifo, kukhona izinkinga kanye umsebenzi zokuzala, futhi kubonisa isethi eside sezisindo.

Uma sikubeka kalula, ephakeme kakhulu umkhiqizo ngesisekelo genetic isilwane ngeke kuphela uma kuqukethwe nemibandela efanayo izimo lapho ukususwa zohlobo zenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, uma alethe leli duna Aberdeen-Angus zohlobo kusukela Brazil efanayo, bese unquma ukuphuma ke inzalo eRussia emaphakathi, akunakwenzeka ukuba wenze kanjalo izinto ezizuzisayo.

Zikhona amatshe ezikahle ze yenkomo izinkomo yokuzalanisa Russia?

Ikakhulukazi esihle yenkomo izinhlobo zezinkomo yilezi izindawo eziningi North Caucasian. Futhi, Okumangazayo ngokwanele, ezinye izindawo zaleli aseNtshonalanga Kapa kanye naseMpumalanga eSiberia. Yini zohlobo izinkomo unike isivuno elikhulu inyama? Imiphumela emihle etholakale Kalmyk, Kazakh Whitehead, kanye Hereford zohlobo.

Mhlawumbe focus on the ezihlukahlukene yokugcina. Nje konyaka nengxenye Hereford okwavunyelwana isisindo esiphezulu ngelanga futhi gobies ungeze 1500 amagremu. Ngokwesilinganiso, amakhilogramu ithambo aphume okungenani 5.5 amakhilogremu of inyama ngalinye. Izilwane zalolu hlobo ukusetshenziswa kahle kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo okuphakelayo ezisetshenziswa kulinywe yabo. Ngakho, kusukela ekuzalweni ekuhlatshweni kilogram of kwesisindo ngamunye ichithwa ayibi ngaphezu kuka-11.3 ifolishi amayunithi. Lena incazelo ezithophayo kakhulu inyama yezinkomo izinhlobo (cishe zonke, hhayi nje Hereford).

Kuhle kokusho i-Aberdeen-Angus zohlobo, okuyinto thina kakade okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla. Okumangazayo ukuthi, kodwa lezi zilwane afaneleka kahle ukuba Russian, kodwa wena kuphela kudingeka bathole labo abamele yayo abase bevele ngazivumelanisa nendlela ezweni lethu. Kwaphela izinsuku ezingu-21 kuphela ingatholakala ithole enesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu angu-200, isilinganiso sokukhula izinga okungenani 800 amagremu.

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo uhlu yenkomo izinkomo izinhlobo ingaqhutshezwa. Lizwakalise umnyuziki yethu ngeke uqambe, kodwa thina walinika kuphela zezintaka imfuyo empeleni zibe zingenzeka ukuzalela ezimweni zethu zezulu.

ukutshalwa ubuchwepheshe

Uma ufuna ukuba ukhule inyama yezinkomo zohlobo ke udinga ukukhumbula izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ukukhiqizwa:

• Kuyadingeka ukuba ahlele ukukhiqizwa kabusha efanele komhlambi wezinkomo nomhlambi okuqukethwe amathole wathola nonina okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya.

• Fundzisisa amathole fattening okwalandela, kuhlanganise sverhremontnogo.

kuyigxathu

Njengoba ungase ukuqagela, awukwazi ukuthola imali yokuzalanisa izilwane inyama, ungayembethe umnotho ezinamandla ifolishi. Asiphumele isibonelo esilula. Ake ucabange ukuthi enye ehektheleni sezwe lakini, ungathola okungenani 20-30 quintals of oats (oats amakhilogramu oluhambisana eyodwa okuphakelayo iyunithi). Kulokhu, ungathembela okuqukethwe kwe-oda 110-120 izilwane. Uma uthola ehektheleni 40-45 quintals zokukhiqiza, kungenzeka uqukethe yikhulu izinkomo.

Futhi - akuzona zonke izici yokuzalanisa izinkomo inyama izinhlobo. Ake sixoxe nezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama.

Isisekelo okwakhelwe kuso ukwakha ipulazi inyama?

Kunezindlela eziningana. Okokuqala, ungakwazi ukuthenga izilwane purebred noma abasha purebred. Namuhla kukhona ubuchwepheshe umbungu ukufakelwa inyama izinhlobo zezilwane, okuholela ezihlukahlukene endaweni ingashintshwa yenkomo izinkomo. Ekugcineni, ungathenga isidoda inyama izinhlobo futhi omunye wakhe izinkomo athuthukile kakhulu omnyama Motley ezihlukahlukene (izinkomo sendawo).

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi zonke izinhlobo yenkomo izinkomo - tilwane letinkhulu. Sithathe izinkomo inezimpabano ukuze izinkomo babengenalo ukulimala ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Inhlangano ukuveza lomhlambi wezinkomo

Ingqikithi yalo mcimbi - ukuqoqa ngonyaka kusukela inkomo ngayinye, okuyinto kwafinyelela yobudala bokuphila, ithole enempilo. Lokhu kuqakatheke khulu, njengoba amathole kukhona komthombo ukukhiqizwa yenkomo izinkomo njengoba umkhakha. Ngokuvamile yokuzalanisa inyama izinhlobo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana. Ziyakwazi:

• Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe kokudla, inani isitokwe abasha abakini.

• Isikhathi insemination ka Dima. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo kudingeka uqaphe ngokwengeziwe ngangokunokwenzeka: izilwane ezincane ukumboza cishe 15-16 izinyanga ezingaki, futhi inkulu - ku 17-18. Umhlambi ezivamile ezithathwe ngaphambili kuka 24-25 futhi 26-27 izinyanga. Timing lezi kufanele ziyahlukahluka, kucatshangelwa isimo jikelele ezingokomzimba izilwane.

• Indlela insemination. Esanda kutholakala kukholakala ukuthi zibe yimihlambi commercial umugqa kuvunyelwe yezinyoni izinkunzi (ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa zizalela yenkomo izinkomo izinhlobo). Manje yilo ndlela cishe esishiywe dengwane. Okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kakhulu kwandisa ingozi wegazi umhlambi. Okwesibili, kunzima kakhulu ukulawula iphesenti izilwane inseminated futhi ukuhlela ehhotela.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunoma yisiphi isimo kubalulekile alwele ehhotela ebusika-entwasahlobo. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuleli cala izinkomo esikhathini esibaluleke kakhulu yokukhulelwa ezidla nge fresh ifolishi green nelamathole ngemva kwesikhathi ubisi yokudla, ngokushesha ukushintshela ku ifolishi agcwele oluhlaza. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ukuthola izilwane ziphilile kakhulu futhi ithele kanye ukufuya yenkomo izinhlobo kuba inzuzo ngempela.

Ihlola ukusebenza kwe insemination

Ezincwadini ezehlukene kungaba ngokuvamile ukuthola Isitatimende sokuthi Dima akudingeki ngempela ihlolwe ukukhulelwa, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili insemination noma kokuzalela zemvelo. Ngithanda wazi ukuthi izinyanga ezimbili - isikhathi esincane kakhulu.

Ngomqondo onabile, ebona wezilwane noma imfuyo ikani ne awokuthi ukunquma sokukhulelwa, kodwa lapha kukhona ithuba elihle isisu ekuseni: i-fetus esithambe kakhulu kule nkathi, ukuze ngobudedengu kancane nge luhlolo rectal kungaholela yokuthi inkomazi kwadingeka kwesisu ekukhulelweni ekuseni . Ngakho ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukuba sifeze ucwaningo khona ukukhulelwa ngezinyanga ezintathu.

Inombolo izilwane brakuemyh

Phawula ukuthi leli phuzu Kubalulekile lenhlangano efanele yenqubo ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kukholakala ukuthi 100 ikhanda kwezilwane omdala ukuba iphathwe okungenani 20 Dima unyaka ngamunye. Ngakho, esikhathini esifanayo, kumelwe bahoxe Imihlambi inani elifanayo izinkomo omdala, abathume okwengeziwe fattening ngaphambi ekuhlatshweni.

Ngomqondo onabile, it libhekene yonke imfuyo kumele (izinkomo) .Myasnye zohlobo izinkomo bahlanza kusuka isilwane abampofu ngokucophelela.

Ukuba inyumba isixwayiso

Nakhu manifest kwabuye webumbacambili ukusetshenziswa kokuzalela zemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, khona njalo inkunzi emhlambini is yize cishe ngokuphelele kungenzeka ukuthi wesithole esimweni ekuzingeleni ngeke inseminated. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isisu e kusaqalwa okuqukethwe mahhala futhi insemination kungaholela ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu zezimali ngenxa inzuzo elahlekile.

Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo sincoma ukusebenzisa Turf yokufakelwa. Kodwa ngisho lapha, musa uphumule. Nazi imisebenzi esemqoka ezokwenza usizo ukuqeda Dima:

• Zonke yinhlama entsha kwesidoda ihlolwe nakanjani. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa, iqembu imbewu kufanele kugwenywe isimiso.

• Qala incwadi yezenzakalo zansuku zonke ukuqapha amacala ukushisa ukuthola, ukugawulwa kwemithi ehlukile ngoba insemination.

• Ilokhu kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo umhlambi. Uma kwenzeka kwezilwane ne izilonda Izitho zangasese zangaphandle, kubalulekile ngokushesha uyibike onguchwepheshe wezilwane.

• Uma unesithakazelo wokuqeda ephelele inyumba njengoba enzeka, zonke Dima angenalutho (ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokukhulelwa is abaziwa) kudingeka ukulahla, kungakhathaliseki zizalela value abo.

• Ukuze ukuvumelanisa umjikelezo ukuzingela insemination, kutuswa ukusebenzisa ukushukuma hormone. Kuyasiza ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ofuna ukumboza izilwane peregulyali ukuvuthwa bokuphila.

Izici yokuzalana ku yenkomo izinhlobo

Njengoba sishilo kakade, yenkomo zohlobo (izinkomo) zinezikhathi khona eside inkonyane nomama wakhe. Le ndlela kusiza nenani elikhulu ekukhuleni besikhumba saleso silwane. Kodwa futhi igcwele ezinye izinkinga.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa unomphela ukushukuma mechanical umbele uhlelo hormone inkomo eziningana kabusha, okuholela legciwane anda 'sokuthula' ukuzingela lapho amasu ezivamile ezibukwayo ayikwazi ukutholwa. Kulokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa amasu ukuhlolwa olunemininingwane ethe xaxa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ugxile magazini ezikhonjwe kwabathakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama izinhlobo zezinkomo babe nezinye izici yesiteleka. Ngokwesibonelo, banalo seasonality evelele kakhulu imijikelezo ngokobulili. Ngomqondo onabile, akunankinga nalelo: isimo sikuvumela ukugxila ubusika kakhulu efanayo futhi entwasahlobo ehhotela, okuyinto sishilo ngenhla.

Indlela ukusindisa inombolo enkulu lamathole?

Njengoba sishilo kakade, amathole - kuphela ukukhiqizwa yenkomo izinkomo, ngakho balondolozwe kuyadingeka ukuze unake okukhethekile. Sincoma ufunda okulandelayo:

• Kuyadingeka ukwenza uhlelo njalo kwenziwe wezilwane kanye izinyathelo zoo-lobuchwepheshe. Lezi zihlanganisa lokugoma, luhlolo basemtholampilo izilwane, ukulawula izinga feed bese nenkanuko edlulele unomphela izinsuku ukusebenza kwabo insemination.

• Ipulazi, esinikela izinkomo, kumelwe nakanjani babe kuncike magciwane kanye disinfestation.

• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi emnothweni akufanele ukufinyelela, hhayi kuphela abantu bangaphandle, kodwa futhi izilwane zasendle kanye feral, okuyizinto amadamu yemvelo kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye yisinanakazana.

Nansi indlela okufanele ahleleke ngayo ukutshala inyama yezinkomo izinhlobo.

Inhlangano kwezindlu okuxekethile

Eminyakeni yamuva, le ndlela seliphinde waqala anesikhundla evelele kuwo wonke amazwe lapho kukhona ucishe ukuthuthukiswa imfuyo. Izinzuzo esobala yalo. Izilwane bavezwa ukucindezeleka kuyancipha abanasikhathi okuningi sendleleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo lula ekunikezeni ukudla kanye umquba, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa eshibhile ngokunciphisa isibalo abasebenzi Amahora okuvula.

Kunezindlela ezimbili izimo ezahlukene: a ezindaweni ezivulekile ngokugcwele futhi zazizoba namakamelo abanzi. Ngokuvamile ngalinye lala masonto amasu ehlangana, okuvumela ukuba kuzuzwe imiphumela elikhulu. Kuthiwani amathole? Phela, uma uqhubeka nabo egumbini elilodwa nezilwane omdala, bayoba kunzima ukondla!?

Qhubekisa kanje. Paddock egumbini kwenziwa ukuze amathole Ungahambisa ngokukhululekile phakathi imigoqo isithiyo. Maphakathi Kuyoba nesigcawu lapho amathole kuyoluqinisa ngokwengeziwe izisebenzi zidle. Along azungezwe esibayeni kungafaneleka ukuba ukuhlela "umhume" izinkomo, okuyinto bude utshani ngokwanele ezomile. Lapha izilwane ukuze baphumule.

Eningizimu ezweni lethu avame aneliseke egcekeni endaweni evulekile ngokugcwele. indawo phakathi kuyinto Paddock zasendlini lapho walala okungenani isigamu imitha we straw elomile. Ngisho ngaphansi kwezimo southern ebusika (okuyinto pretty cool), izilwane usazoba efudumele. Iqiniso liwukuthi umchamo wabo kanye endleni, okuyinto kusheshe utshani wetted, ukukhuthaza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho ivelele inani kunalokho abalulekile ukushisa.

Yiqiniso, ukuthi izilwane kudingeka ukuba ngaphambi kwesikhathi ehhotela ukuze axoshe ngendlela ehlukile, aguqulelwe kuleli gumbi. Lokhu kuzovimba ukufa kwezilwane dyspepsia, futhi izinkomo zizonciphisa ematfuba okuvela mastitis.

Kuwo wonke abandayo isizini udoti ingezwe kancane kancane, kodwa usule ngokuphelele paddocks musa ukukhiqiza. Entwasahlobo, lapho isilwane idluliswe emadlelweni khulula ebanga indlela lokuqukethwe nje ukushayela ngogandaganda futhi raked zonke umquba zanqwabelana.

On the kokuzalela khulula

Futhi omunye. Uma unquma ukusebenzisa i insemination inkunzi, kufanele baqaphe umthwalo elikhulu kuso. Kukholakala ukuthi umuntu umkhiqizi kufanele abe akukho kuka 35-40 izinkomo. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo umthwalo zingandiswa, kodwa inkunzi kumele kube isesimeni esihle ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlela amaprotheni yokudla yayo izifunzo (kuhlanganise nalezo okuvela ezilwaneni).

Nakhu okudingeka unake, uma uya ukuzalela izinkomo inyama zohlobo.