Izinsiza Major amaminerali zomhlaba

Mineral izinsiza abizwa ngokuthi zonke ezihlukahlukene amaminerali esetshenziswa abantu izidingo zabo. Hydrocarbon, izinto chemical eluhlaza, izinsimbi, amatshe ayigugu, izinto zokwakha - ukuthi abantu ekhishwe amathumbu planethi. Mineral izinsiza emhlabeni kulinganiselwa izigidigidi amathani, kodwa abawona angenamkhawulo. Ukusebenzisa kwabo okunengqondo - isihluthulelo ukuchuma esizayo impucuko yethu.

ngezigaba

Mineral izinto zokusetshenziswa zihlukaniswe namakilasi amahlanu athatha:

• Izinsimbi kusukela yensimbi kanye ferroalloys.
• izinsimbi Nonferrous.
• amatshe ayigugu.
• namaminerali Industrial.
• Mineral nophethiloli.

Futhi izidubedube zomhlaba zihlukaniswe kunemibandela nalesebentisa non-ivuselelwe. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa izici Lokudabuka yemvelo: .. Oil, amalahle, i-methane, njll Ukuze ukwakheka zabo kudinga izimo ezithile zemvelo futhi izigidi zeminyaka. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa izinsimbi kanye namaminerali (basonta iqembu lesibili) itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka ivolumu yabo incipha.

Geography Wezimbiwa Kwezwe

Mineral Ukusingathwa kwendle, ukungcola izifunda isakazwa Ukuboshelwa kakhulu futhi kungenxa isakhiwo Geological kwendawo. Hydrocarbon avame ukuba ikhava sedimentary ka amazwekazi lasendulo. ivolumu Maximum ithatha ilahle (60%) Nokho, ukusebenzisa kwayo namuhla ukhawulelwe izici zobuchwepheshe kanye nezemvelo. nenqwaba izinto zokusetshenziswa zibhekiwe wonke amazwekazi, kodwa iningi imicengezi amalahle eziveza kungukuthi athuthukile. ezifakwa elikhulu asebenza e-United States, e-Russia, i-China, i-Australia, India, Germany, Ukraine naseKazakhstan.

Amafutha kanye negesi amaminerali izinsiza zezwe ezakha% 27 kuphela wezindleko, kodwa ngosizo lwabo, ekhiqizwa 57% wawo onke amandla. uwoyela negesi Amasimu Inamandla kwamiswa eVenezuela, Russia (the iVolga esifundeni, Western eSiberia), United States (Texas eMississippi umcengezi), Nigeria, Canada, Gulf, eNyakatho ye-Afrika, i-Caspian Sea umcengezi.

Metal imikhando basuke bagxila izikhungo lasendulo womsebenzi mlilo izindawo orogeny asebenzayo. Nokho, ukuba khona izintaba akusho khona imali ecebile. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu Europe imbozwe ezintabeni, Nokho, imali enkulu metal imikhando akuzona eziningi, kakade kakhulu baye basungula futhi ayinakho ukubaluleka kwezomnotho. Ngokuphambene, eKursk anomaly kazibuthe isenkabeni ye-East European Plain, Nokho, zigcine yensimbi zibaluleke. zokwakheka Ore ngibambe amakhilomitha eziningi ezijulile.

yensimbi

Mineral imithombo zomhlaba ezininginingi, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwazo yensimbi. Kuyinto element lesithupha ngobukhulu endaweni yonke futhi element ezivamile refractory. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-Earth has insimbi inani 5% yesisindo sayo. Nsimbi isisekelo ukukhiqizwa zensimbi steel, izinto ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa izimoto, imishini yezolimo, imishini ezokuxhumana, ukwakhiwa kwezikhali, ukuchumisa amabhuloho, amadamu, imigudu nokunye okunjalo. D.

Nakuba yensimbi ingenye izakhi ezivamile emhlabeni, ukuthuthukiswa engabizi imali zabiwa Ukuboshelwa. It has izinqolobane ocebile wase-United States, i-Brazil, India, China nase-Canada. Ezinye ezifakwa enkulu etholakala Kazakhstan, Sweden, e-Ukraine, France, Venezuela, Peru, eChile, e-Australia, Liberia, South Africa, Malaysia, eNyakatho ye-Afrika. ERussia has izinqolobane sekwanele ore esibalulekile umnotho walo futhi ukuthekelisa. ezifakwa elikhulu basuke bagxila Magnitogorsk kanye nezinye izifunda Urals, yonke iNhlonhlo Kola futhi engumakhelwane Republic Karelia, endaweni KMA eSiberia.

izinsimbi non-ayoni

Mineral imithombo zomhlaba kufundvwe kahle ngokwanele. Kwesathalayithi namasu imishini yesimanje baye bavumela ukuhlonza izindawo eyinhloko lokuhlushwa non-ayoni metal imikhando.

Into ebaluleke liyithusi. Lokhu metal ductile nge eliphezulu kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo kagesi kanye. ithusi Pure ethambile pliable, ebusweni esanda isicelo has a umbala obomvu-olintshi. Isetshenziselwa wokuba umbhidisi ukushisa kanye nogesi, ngeziningi zezinto zokwakha kanye izingxenye ingxenye oluhlukile lwensimbi Alloys. Ithusi isetshenziswa engu-10 000 futhi yilona metal okutholakele wokuqala kwesintu.

Akukona uhlushwa ukugqwala ezinzima, plastic kanye elixutshwe ngokukhululekile nabanye izinto ezimbiwa phansi. Lena umqhubi ezinhle ugesi nokushisa. I abathengi eyinhloko nethusi kagesi, ukuzivikela, amandla, embonini yezimoto. 90% zigcine lokhu metal kuyinto kanzulu ezifundeni ezinhlanu zomhlaba:

• ENingizimu Afrika.
• EChile.
• Engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-United States.
• Kazakhstan.
• Canada (endaweni Sudbury).

Noble (eziyigugu) izinsimbi

Mineral izinsiza zezwe zinenani ezahlukene. Eqolo of izinsimbi (ngaphandle emhlabeni ezingavamile) kukhona okuthiwa yizicukuthwane-platinum, igolide, isiliva. Igolide - metal obukhulu, ethambile nabalolongeka nge umbala ophuzi futhi elicwebezela ngokukhethekile. Kuyinto komunye wabancane esisheshayo chemical izakhi ezimweni okuqinile ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, metal ngokuvamile utholakala endaweni zokucathula khulula (zemvelo), ngesimo okuyigugu noma Granik kwamadwala, emithanjeni kanye imali anesihlabathi. Ngaphansi ezivamile namaminerali. Ngaphambili, ivolumu main babe okuyigugu ukuthi babefuna ukuba yizona. Manje, iningi igolide akhiqizwa izimboni ezikhethekile, okuyinto kusetshenzwe idwala wokuqukethwe lelisetulu materials eziwusizo eluhlaza.

China, e-Australia, e-USA, South Africa yilona igolide umkhiqizi elikhulu emhlabeni. A okwami of Witwatersrand - ehola ezimayini zegolide maphakathi nezwe. Kukhona izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza zihlanganisa: Rand Fields Kimberley Livingstone, eCape of Good Hope, Natali, kanye nabanye. Canada ubuye igolide umkhiqizi abalulekile. Ukuma Russian ezintabeni Ural, iBaikal futhi Trans-iBaikal, le Yelena umcengezi. Ezikhona Kolyma esifundeni kakhulu mpilo. Baningi igolide misela e-United States (Alaska, California, esifundeni eziNtabeni ZaseRocky), e-Australia (Kalgoorlie, Yampi, Mount Morgan), India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh).

Mineral izinsiza zezwe: etafuleni

izidubedube Okuyigugu ezibalelwa ku-200 izinhlobo izinsimbi, hydrocarbon, amaminerali, ubunjiniyela kanye zokwakha. Cabangela izinhlobo ezinkulu izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nabaholi wezwe umkhiqizo wabo:

Ezimayini kumelwe kwenziwe "unombono esizayo." Amazwe amaningi aye aba nobuhlobo ensimini yabo, sibhekene okuthiwa isisetshenziswa indlala. Ukuze asekele umnotho, baphoqekile ukuba ukuthekelisa izinto zokusetshenziswa. ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo izinsizakalo zemvelo - isihluthulelo ukuchuma eside.