Izitimela Double anesitezi eRussia: incazelo, izinkomba, izici kanye nokubuyekeza

Abaningi kithi bacabanga ukuthi double anesitezi izitimela lesiRotuma, ne kwethulwa eMoscow umzila - Adler. Nokho, umlando wabo ezweni lethu has eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu nesigamu. Asiqale nge izici eziyinhloko olusha zokuthutha izindlela.

Ezimbili storey imoto: amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo

I ezimbili storey, ezimbili storey imoto - the sesimanje ezivamile ugibele imoto ngoba mkhulu umgibeli umthamo. Inikeza ilungiselelo ezimbili abaphuma ka linezingxenye (eyodwa ngaphezu kwamanye). Izibonelo omele kakhulu yiwona TGV Duplex, Shinkansen E4, Shinkansen E1.

Kuye nje umklamo walo, kule moto ongama abagibeli 40-70% ngaphezulu. Njengoba sazi ukuthi i-ukudlula viaducts, imigudu, izigaba umzila gesi nge catenary ensikeni kudinga nokukhawulela ukubunjwa ukuphakama, abaklami yalezi zimoto niqhubeke zonke izinhlobo namaqhinga: esitezi sokuqala lehliselwa njengoba low ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kwamakalishi, ukunciphisa ukuphakama nokucwala ezimbili. Esikhathini izivakashi double anesitezi izitimela, ungqimba aphansi eyenza umsebenzi lobuchwepheshe, ngoba ukuphakama kwalo lincane, kanti phezulu - elikhulu, ukhululekile, ngokuvamile amawindi indawo engezansi. Ngezansi kuwuphawu emfushane yokuqhathanisa.

I-Russian izitimela double anesitezi

Ingabe Russia abe isitimela double anesitezi? Railways inikeza abagibeli abane izinhlobo izimoto:

• egunjini (64 esikhundleni 36 abantu);
• CB (30 esikhundleni 18);
• abasebenzi ukuthutha-linezingxenye (50 esikhundleni 18-24 abantu);
• yokudlela (44-48 izihlalo izivakashi endaweni yokudlela).

Double anesitezi izitimela eRussia babe lonke uhlu izici:

• ekulawuleni isimo sezulu - air conditioning ne Ukushisa;
• uphawu futhi iphephile ukuhwebelana inter-imoto;
• energy esisindisa LED ukukhanyisa;
• Composting zangasese amathathu, angasetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki amasayithi;
• izitebhisi nge anti-ukushelela kanye handrail lula;
• enqoleni supply Kwenziwa kuphela i esitimela kagesi;
• GLONASS navigation system satellite abasebenzi ukuxhumana imoto;
• ithuthukiswe uhlelo yezokuphepha - ukubhekwa ividiyo, zokulawula ukufinyelela kanye nabasebenzi nokuvikeleka.

Coupe in a-imoto ezimbili

Double anesitezi isitimela e-Russia (Petersburg, eMoscow, Samara nezinye izindawo) babe naloku lokulandzelako izici Coupe yayo:

• Igumbi elisezingeni elejwayelekile ngoba Ukuphumula nokulala, izibani, itafula, esibukweni;
• izitebhisi ku elingenhla ephakamisa isikhundla;
• emashalofini ukuze umthwalo elincane;
• ukufinyelela egumbini kuphela ngokusebenzisa ikhi ngabanye kazibuthe;
• Izitolo ezimbili (100 W) wayeqamba ephathekayo, i-laptop kanye nezinye electronics;
• Yokujama tsi yazo zonke imibhede ku-NE nabaseFilipi egumbini eliphezulu;
• Ngamunye LCD ukubonisa ukuba ibukwe amafayela emidya, ngamunye umgibeli (CB), embobeni (Coupe, NE).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagibeli uphiwa amasevisi alandelayo: amanzi ahlanzekile futhi asemabhodleleni emzileni, ukukhucululwa kwendle nenhlanzeko zosizo, ukudayisa izinto eziyizikhumbuzo nakomagazini, itiye kanye confectionery.

izitimela Double anesitezi eRussia: imizila

Kuzo zonke izinkomba ngokulandela ezimbili-level izitimela Railways kuqinisekisa:

• ithikithi ethengekayo amanani ngenxa ephakeme umthamo umgibeli;
• umonakalo okungenani emvelweni ngenxa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe enkulu ekwakhekeni izimoto;
• ukhululekile ezinyakazayo ihluzo (embhedeni izingoma - iyeza maduze).

Ngezansi kukhona izindawo lapho ugijima double anesitezi izitimela eRussia.

okubuyayo ezivela abagibeli

izimfanelo ezinhle eziye kwasho abagibeli, wahlanganyela double anesitezi isitimela e-Russia:

• cosiness, induduzo;
• izimoto ezintsha yesimanje;
• ngemali ephansi;
• nokwehlisa isikhathi sokuhamba;
• abasebenzi nenhlonipho friendly;
• usability wokuphikisana nezindlu zangasese eziphathwayo;
• idivayisi gumbi ukufinyelela;
• khulula Wi-Fi,
• high ukudla yokudlela;
• nokuvikeleka;
• nokuhlanzeka;

• ukutholakala abantu abakhubazekile;
• babashayeli pre ngomumo wenza umbhede;
• Outlet ngqo egumbini;
• umqhubi ucingo inkinobho;
• esitezi phezulu neze ukuzwa wezimoto;
• uhlelo air conditioning;
• engavamile isihambi Russian.

izici ezingezinhle

Hhayi isitheke emehlweni abagibeli nemibi emisha ezimbili-level:

• Isevisi. Nakuba ngaphambili umqhubi kwase kunezinto ezimbili okufanele 36 enezihlalo zenqola, kodwa manje inani elifanayo abasebenzi enikeziwe ukuze abagibeli 64.
• Ukuba khona izitebhisi. Ukuze uthole esitezi sesibili, kubalulekile ukunqoba izinyathelo sasivumela emaweni.
• Wayengasandwazile phezulu umthwalo yokubeka ngaphezu komnyango - umthwalo ungakwazi manje kuphela kwi ikhabethe.
• Izindlu zangasese. Kabili emphemeni isitimela eRussia ikhabethe emithathu kuphela - elilodwa umgibeli 21 (esikhundleni 18 njengoba egumbini ezivamile).
• Seeling. Ngenxa izici of Russian wesitimela izindlela ewa Cishe elinamandla ezingeni lesibili. Kungaphephile ukuba endleleni ukuba ezitebhisini.

Futhi phakathi bokwenza abagibeli itjheje Uphahla lwangaphakathi ongaphakeme akunaziqondiso ekulawuleni isimo sezulu, kunuka kabi izimoto, abaqhubi surly, endaweni ewumngcingo ukulala, ilungiselelo ezimbi amawindi (liphansi kakhulu), ukuphazamiseka-Wi-Fi, amanani aphezulu ngoba ukudla, izinga abampofu, kunganambitheki ukudla izabelo ST.

Umlando double anesitezi izimoto eRussia

Okthoba 30, 2013 kusukela Adler eMoscow waya isakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili izimoto 15 Tver senqola Works. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-August e Mineral Amanzi wavula edepho wokuqala Russian ngoba izitimela embhedeni. Kodwa izenzakalo ohlwini akuzona ekuqaleni umlando kabili anesitezi izitimela ezweni lethu - izimoto zokuqala enjalo zakhiwa zaba 1864 ngesikhathi Kolomna isitshalo. "Cuckoo" (isitimela okuthiwa wokukhalela lolungakahleleki "ku-ku", okuyinto kwasho ukuqala umshayeli ukunyakaza isitimela) zenyuka zithutha phakathi ePeterhof futhi Oranienbaum, ithrekhi izigaba endaweni inabantu abaningi villa.

Ngo-1905, ezimbili-level izimoto zavezwa ku Tver senqola ukuthutha. Nakulokhu futhi baye wasungula kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 - the ukukhiqizwa izimoto cruised GDR phakathi Sifundazwe futhi laseKharkov, eLvov Kovel. Ngo isithombe sabo Leningrad senqola Works idale imodeli ezifuywayo imoto ezimbili storey ku '70. Esitezi has a lokulala linezingxenye Coupe, futhi esitezi sesibili kwaba izivakashi, yokubuka - kwakukhona zihlalo kuphela. ukukhululwa kwabo kunqunyelwe - ingqikithi 16 onobuhle. I izingoma indaba embhedeni kuphazamisekile futhi ukuze uqale ikhasi lakho elisha ezinsukwini zethu.

isitimela yangasese

Ukukhuluma emisha at nojantshi yasekhaya, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi muva bagijima isitimela sokuqala yangasese Russia:

• Electric "TransExpress" isiqondiso eMoscow - Kaluga. umnikazi Ezazimzungezile - "Bona TransGroup" ukuthi ukukhiqizwa lokhu imoto ku Dimihinskom ubunjiniyela isitshalo ngemali $ 2 million. Ngamunye the izimoto has iziqondiso kanye nabaqaphi, ngakho lapho ngeke udoti, ungaphuzi utshwala kanye ungabhemi, musa ukudayisa futhi ungaceli ukwabelwa isipho. Omunye lokususa: zonke izimoto of isigaba esisodwa - eyesithathu.
• Private okunethezeka isitimela "Grand Express" egobhoza umzila Moscow - Petersburg. Ukwakheka ubhekwa ukhululekile kakhulu WaseRussia. Phakathi amasevisi ayo: ecotoilets nge Ukushisa underfloor, eshaweni, Wi-Fi, media player, isimo sezulu, esikude ukuze ulungise ukukhanyisa, izingidi electronic ngokhiye kazibuthe, shayela inkinobho wire, lezokuphepha.

• 4. Electric "Severstalrels" eMoscow - Petersburg. isitimela ukhululekile ukuba ku ngezithako zawo namakalishi 1 futhi ikilasi 2, ibha ezimbili amakalishi. Ukwakheka luthobela zonke izidingo aseYurophu ethokomele nephephile, ifakwe uhlelo ekulawuleni isimo sezulu.

Railways kanye nebasebenti bangasese

Ukuvela compounds yangasese akusho ukukhansela ayitholwa Railways Russian. Abanikazi kuphela umnikazi we-isitokwe kweqa noma ingabe ukuqasha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abayikhokhela ukuhlinzekwa w / e izindlela, ukulawula isevisi, traction esitimela. Njengoba for yokugibela ukuncipha izakhamuzi, opharetha entsha kukhona ukuthi akukhona amankeyane. Nakuba kukhona ukuthambekela ukuthi Railways ezihanjiselwe abadayisi yangasese ezindaweni enenzuzo kakhulu, kodwa abaphathi ithemba ukuthi izingoma ze-non-state futhi uguqule imizila engaphiwanga esikhathini esizayo. Muva nje, eziningi ezintsha kungabonwa phezu Railways Russian - isitimela yangasese, ezimbili-level izimoto. Yiqiniso, kungenziwa amaphutha atholakala zonke izinto, kodwa intuthuko anjalo esikhathini sesimanje yezindlela endala zokuthutha abakwazi kodwa jabulani ezweni lethu.