Jamaican uhlelo lwemali

Izwe namuhla usebenza Jamaican lwemali uhlelo, lapho izivumelwano ngemvume Jamaica e Kingston ekuqaleni kuka 1976. yethula ishiywa ngokuphelele isimiso esiphelele somgomo igolide kanye esigunyazwe mahhala floatation (ukubhukuda) amazinga. Lo mshini kwemibuso futhi lithuthukise kazwelonke kwi ukwakheka izilinganiso zokushintsha zangaphandle iye kakhulu ukushintshwa. Lolu hlelo awusekelwe lwemali izinhlelo lamazwe ngamanye (kuhlanganise US) - ke kusekelwe ezimisweni esemthethweni inter-state.

Ukwamukelwa uhlelo olusha of exchange rate has prehistory yayo. Esikhathini zamashumi amahlanu sekwephuzile futhi sixties ekuseni we XX leminyaka ye-United States, inkathi lapho bayanda ibhalansi ukukhokhelwa kwenzakala negative, isamba dollar lenyuka ngale kwemingcele yezwe, njengoba yegolide baye baba isiyaphela. I-United States, ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano Bretton Woods, baye baphoqeleka ukuba ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo amabhange igolide maphakathi nalamanye emave. Futhi lapho ucabanga ukuthi igolide e-United States baphoqeleka ukuba adayise ngentengo fixed ka $ 35 nencane per, kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kuye zenza ukuba kancane kancane ingalimaza ka esiqiwini igolide.

Ukuqedwa standard igolide, eqalwe ku-1971 baba Richard Nixon, nokufaka ngokwezinga iyehla iyenyuka kungenzeka ku value (ngokulinganisa) nokuka lwemali liqhathaniswa ne-dollar ngo-uhla 2.25% kuholele simo esishubile abalulekile izimakethe exchange angaphandle. Uhlelo Bretton Woods wayengakwazi sokugcina nokwandisa lesi sikhathi ukuze 4.5%, futhi ngo-1972, entwasahlobo, e-United States samemezela 10 per cent ukwehla dollar.

Japan ekuqaleni kuka-1973 imemezele ngesilinganiso elintantayo we lwemali kazwelonke, kodwa endaweni ethile ngenyanga wakwenza kanye EU. Ngakho, "ezintantayo" exchange rate umbuso kusukela manje unofficially baba evelele, ukuze simo esishubile anda zezimali zomhlaba.

Jamaican lwemali uhlelo umise ekuqaleni esisemthethweni oscillations khulula of exchange rate. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-1978, sacala kusebenta ku-sisekelo ebuyekeziwe IMF, okuvumela oyilungu unenkululeko ukuwuqondisa, ikakhulukazi:

• amalungu Isikhwama kukhona sokuthola ukusungulwa lwemali parities futhi ilungelo ukusebenzisa "ezintantayo" exchange rate umbuso;
• emakethe exchange phakathi zezimali ukusetha silinganiso ingahluka esezingeni 4.5% kuyo;
• amazwe lapho ayethanda ukulungisa silinganiso ngoba imali yayo, ungaya 'elintantayo' exchange rate umbuso uma uthanda.

Ngakho, Jamaican lwemali uhlelo uye walungiselela amalungu IMF ukukhetha:

• setha lwemali "ezintantayo" exchange rate;
• babe noma ukugcina iyunithi elimisiwe akhawunti ye IMF e SDR (amalungelo akhethekile umdwebo), emuva ukwethulwa "izinga legolide", noma ezinye amayunithi okungenzeka akhawunti;
• ukusungula isilinganiso esiqinile imali yayo (hlanganisa) kwezinye zezimali: eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Kodwa kungenzeka ukubekwa zezimali ngokuya igolide ayifakiwe ngokuphelele.

Phakathi amazwe nge "ezintantayo" exchange rate, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele-United States, eCanada, Switzerland, iJapan, iGreece, Israyeli, UK kanye nabanye abaningi. Kaningi, amabhange amakhulu kulawa mazwe, nge iyehla iyenyuka abukhali Usabambelela exchange rate. Yingakho "ezintantayo" exchange rate kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi "elawulwa" noma "ezingcolile." Ngokuvamile, exchange rate ababhekene nazo emazweni asethuthukile niyiqembu noma okumsulwa "ukubhukuda".

Kukhona futhi siqu lwemali lesifunda uhlelo, ezifana EMU, okuyinto ekuqaleni esasisetshenziselwa entsha ukubala iyunithi ECU esekelwe ubhasikidi zezimali lamazwe lapho abayingxenye yesivumelwano. Ngo-1999, ECU salandelwa Euro.

Nokho Jamaican lwemali uhlelo has a isidingo okwengeziwe ukuguqula okudingekayo ukuthuthukisa lwemali indlela yomhlaba wonke, omunye wemithombo nokuntengantenga komnotho kuzwelonke kanye nezwe.