Julayi ohlanga: inkathi, ikakhulukazi Imiphumela

Ngo-July 1830, kwakubikwa ukuvukelwa France, okwaphumela kokugumbuqelwa ummeleli wokugcina emgqeni elisesikhundleni esiphezulu Bourbon lwamakhosi - Korol Karl X waphakanyiselwa esihlalweni sobukhosi umzala wakhe uMbusi Orleans, Louis Philippe. Ngenxa yalokho, liye sebeqedile elisungulwe 1814 umbuso kwamandla ukubuyiselwa Bourbons ayezama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthula ezweni ezazikhona ngaphambi 1789 Revolution. I ozayo emva naleso sikhathi emlandweni France wehlela emlandweni njengoba Julayi ohlanga.

Yini eyabangela wonke ezweni elinye revolution

Inkathi Julayi ohlanga, libhekene yokuthi ngenxa kuvukela, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Second French Revolution, umthethosisekelo omusha wamukelwa (Charter olusha), ezingeni eliphakeme kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana amalungelo ezakhamuzi wenabisa namandla ePhalamende.

Ikilasi evelele uhlala onxiwankulu elikhulu, nge uma ngaphambi ephenywa ingcindezi evela izikhulu amakhosi asendulo, manje uyingozi wakhe babevela ngezansi - kusukela onxiwankulu ezincane kanye ezakhiwe isikhathi isigaba sabasebenzi. Njengoba izakhamuzi ezivamile abe nethuba elingako avikele amalungelo abo ePhalamende, bayaqhubeka usongo kokuphakelwa ukuhleleka ezweni.

Umzabalazo ngamaqembu ePhalamende

Nokho, lokho akusho ukuthi ithini homogeneity ukubunjwa iPhalamende kanye yokungenzi yayo. Izici Julayi ohlanga yiso ngokwedlulele okubi kakhulu emzabalazweni intraparliamentary okubangelwa umehluko phakathi kwezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene.

Aphikisayo, isibonelo, kwaba unganelisekile Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo ayengaphansi ifomu olusha futhi kudingeka ukubukezwa okuphelele. Inhloso yabo main kwaba ukusungula ezweni suffrage jikelele kanye ukwandiswa okwengeziwe yokulwela inkululeko civil.

Ukusabalala imibono sezenhlalo

Njengoba isimo sase emzabalazweni acute zombusazwe Julayi ohlanga waba evundile okungamila kuyo ukusabalala ezihlukahlukene imfundiso sezenhlalo. Eminyakeni 30 XIX leminyaka, iye yazuza abasekeli abaningi ngenxa yemizamo ye umsunguli esikoleni zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni nakancane - Count-Saint-Simon. Yena nabalandeli bakhe, eyaziwa ngokuthi sensimonistov, aqondiswa isikhalazo ebantwaneni France ngemva nje ukunqoba inguquko yesibili futhi eminyakeni atholwe eside isisindo zezombusazwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabalala kwemibono kokulingana kanye izindlela zokukhiqiza nomthelela ukuthandwa imisebenzi Proudhon futhi L. Blanca. Ngenxa yalokho ngoJulayi ohlanga eFrance ngokuvamile lanyakazisa nemibhikisho emikhulu adumile wathatha uhlamvu abahlukene sezenhlalo.

Riots ukuqala we 30s

Bona kucaca eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu-November ka okufanayo ngo-1830, lapho ikhanda esanda emisiwe uhulumeni, uJacques Lafitte kwaba ukuhlela ecaleni wangaphambili oNgqongqoshe beKhabhinethi, kwakhiwa kudala njengoba nokubusa wagudluza iNkosi uCharles X.

Folk isixuku angesabi abuthele ngalezo zinsuku emigwaqweni Paris, befuna ngabo isigwebo sokufa, futhi isinqumo udilikajele wawubonakala ungacacisi kubo umusho siteteme. Ezivela ngokuhlobana lesi sifo baye bazama ukusizakala Socialist, ogama njongo owayezohola ezweni ukuze inguquko entsha.

fuel Kungezwe umlilo, kanye nabasekeli nokubuyiselwa umbuso ubudala futhi ekubekweni ingane, uHenry V obubusa umusa asiyeke nkosi esanda wagudluzwa. Ngo-February 1831 behlela ukubonakaliswa wasinikeza uhlobo inkonzo yomngcwabo womuntu oshonile unyaka owodwa ngaphambi omunye indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi - uMbusi Berry. Nokho, lesi senzo wafika ngesikhathi esingafanele, futhi izixuku thukuthele sephulwe hhayi kuphela isonto, lapho kwenziwe, kodwa indlu uMbhishobhi.

I ukuvukela umbuso Louis Philippe

Phakathi-yalolucwaningo 30 July ohlanga angayendayenda inombolo olwathatha ethandwa. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo lahlelwa ngo-June 1832, eParis, amalungu umphakathi Imfihlo "amalungelo abantu", asekelwe kwabokufika eziningi angaphandle. Ezihlubukini Sakhe ngothango ngisho limenyezelwe lizwe republic, kodwa ngemva ezinye izimpi bahlakazeka amasosha kahulumeni ayengaphandle.

Okunye inkulumo ezinkulu kwalesi sikhathi kwenzeka iminyaka emibili eSierra Leone. Yavusa nokhahlo isenzo samaphoyisa ngokumelene izinhlangano zezombusazwe. Phakathi nezinsuku ezinhlanu kwezinhloko zamaviyo gendarmerie wazama umbelesele ngothango ayakhiwe ngu abasebenzi, futhi lapho bephumelela, okuhleliwe ezitaladini wokuchithwa kwegazi okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.

Ngo-1839, iziyaluyalu njalo uyithola ishanelwe Paris. Agcina eseyinto Initiator of inhlangano imfihlo zezombusazwe, ayecashe ngaphansi agcine ngokusebenzisa isiqu esithi "Inkampani kwezinkathi zonyaka." Lena ibonakalisa inzondo jikelele uhulumeni futhi ukuyiveza, futhi abangobhongoza yayo ubulungiswa.

Kokubulawa iNkosi

Ngaphezu imiboniso mass okuhloswe ngaso kokugumbuqelwa seNkosi uLouis-Philippe umbuso kulezi iminyaka liye ezenziwa abantu 7 imizamo ekuphileni kwakhe. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kuzo ihlelwe neCorsican Zhozef Fieski. Ukubulala iNkosi uPhilip azidala, wakha futhi ezifakiwe ngasese indlela yayo ezinye design esiyingqayizivele ehlanganisa 24 icala sokuzingela imiphongolo.

Lapho inkosi imtholile bozungu wakhe wenza volley ezinamandla, lapho Louis-Philippe alilimalanga, kodwa abantu abangu-12 kusukela retinue esizungezile kanye abaningi abalimele. Of kwabozungu ngokushesha nje abese eboshwa futhi ngokushesha guillotined.

Impi nabezindaba nezikhonzi ushintsho

Nokho, kwavela ingozi esiyinhloko inkosi avela emaphephandabeni athile, lapho Julayi ohlanga inkululeko enkulu kakhulu kuneyokuqala, umbuso Bourbon. nakomagazini Abaningi abazange bangabaze ukugxeka obala kokubili Louis-Philippe, futhi wadala uhulumeni. Abazange bayeke izenzo zabo ngisho ehlelekile ahlele ngokumelene lezi kumangala.

Inkinga ye-July ohlanga okuchaza ngokucacile izinguquko njalo lwekhabethe izikhonzi, waqala ngo-1836. Inhloko kahulumeni Fransua eGizo futhi Louis Philippe yena uzama lula umsebenzi eliphakeme, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze amqinise kokubili ukuphikiswa asephalamende uquqaba.

By the way, emlandweni emhlabeni zikhona izibonelo eziningi zendlela ababusi ababuthakathaka futhi ezingasebenzi wazama alibale ngokuwa umbuso esungulwe njalo izisebenzi izinguquko. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula "Leapfrog ezikhonzayo", esandulele kokuwa Indlu Romanov.

Isimo ezazikhona ePhalamende

Undunankulu isikhathi eside ukwazile ngobuciko ukushayela phakathi kwezinhlangano, ukubeka phambili ezihlukahlukene izidingo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphikiswa dynastic ufuna izinguquko ePhalamende ukuthi wayeyobanika amalungu ePhalamende ilungelo abanezikhundla ahlukahlukene ezikhungweni zomphakathi. Futhi waphikelela yokusakazeka labavoti ngesethulo lwezigaba lakhe elisha abantu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimbangela Julayi ohlanga kwakufanele Ukunganeliseki ka onxiwankulu ukuthambekela mva ka ezazisekela uhulumeni omdala, bona ngokwabo zehlulekile ukubeka phambili mthwalo olukhulu.

Okubi Bekunjalo abamele kakhulu kophiko lwesokunxele. Bagcizelela mayelana nekwetfula ezweni suffrage jikelele kanye nekusungulwa eziningi kwenkululeko yombango, okuyinto babezwile amaningi kusukela Socialist.

Nge iningi lamavoti ePhalamende amasekela ngimlalela, Guizot ukubhekana kalula nge abangalawuleki, kodwa ebhekene nokuphikiswa angaphandle, obonakaliswe okwandayo ukunganeliseki ethandwa, wayengumuntu engenamandla. kazwelonke Hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi zisho amazwi sezenhlalo kuleli zwe minyaka lwashuba, kwathi babengenakuphika lutho phikisa.

ghost sikaNapoleon

Uma izimbangela Julayi ohlanga crisis amanga ikakhulu lapho kuntuleka mass ukunganeliseki eshanela izinguquko kulindeleke emva kokugumbuqelwa Charles X ke ekwindla ka umlandeli wakhe, iNkosi uLouis-Philippe, ngokuyinhloko kwaholela ukuthandwa Napoleon Bonaparte abuyé.

Ukukhuthaza imibono ukubuya ohlelweni lukahulumeni andulela sokubuyiselwa yokubusa kwamakhosi (1814), nesandla kakhulu kuhulumeni uqobo. Lesi sinqumo sakhe umlotha neCorsican omkhulu uthuthwa eParis, futhi esifanekisweni ogibele phezulu Vendome ikholomu, elihle enkabeni yenhloko-dolobha French futhi okuthiwa usakaze ethumba izibhamu Russian.

Ukuziphakamisa Posthumous kwegama Napoleon ukunyusele nangokuzama abavelele abaqavile emphakathini kwenkathi, ezifana mlando esidumile Lui Adolf Ter nabalobi Pierre-Zhan De Beranger futhi Zhorzh Sand. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi zezombusazwe umkhathizwe konke silhouetted ngokucacile sibalo indodana yomfowabo ka-ngasekupheleni uMbusi - Charles Louis Napoleon.

A ozalweni kombusi

Njengoba ayeyinzalo ka isithombe jikelele, kabili wazama ukuthatha amandla Kwasetshenziswa imizamo Icebo lika kahle ehlelekile futhi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali, okuyinto Louis-Philippe akazange ongabheka noma iliphi noma kuboshwe nomhlaseli yabo. Imane is hhayi ziphathwe sina.

Nokho, izinto zashintsha kakhulu ngemva kokumiswa Louis Napoleon emhlabeni omele eminingi futhi kakhulu iqembu. Omunye umholi walo wayengumuntu ovelele zezombusazwe kwenkathi Odilon Barrot. Ngesandla sakhe ukukhanya ukunyakaza ukuphikiswa uthethe ifomu okuthiwa idili mkhankaso.

Amadili, eyaphumela inguquko

Kwakunguye wokuqala e-Paris, kamuva yadlalwa nangezinye imizi France, ukuze hhayi ukwephula umthetho ku emihlanganweni, okuyinto yafuna abagqugquzeli ukuthola imvume kubaphathi bendawo, yayiqhutshelwa amadili umphakathi ngempela, okuletha ndawonye abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Zafakwa amatafula iwayini hors d'oeuvres, okuyinto wanika umbono Assembly, nakuba eziningi, kodwa hhayi kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho idili. Ngaphambi izimenywa zathunyelwe ezibomvana ngewayini izipikha, ngaleso sikhathi owawudliwe endaweni amatafula ezivamile. Nokho, Eqaphela isizathu sangempela ecashile imisebenzi, amagunya, ayikwazanga noma yini ukuze bathole iphutha futhi umkhankaso kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele.

Amadili anjalo okukhulu, ahlele osopolitiki ocebile, kwaholela abantu abayizigidi, ekugcineni, ukuze olandelayo we-French Revolution okuholele Februwari 24, 1848 Korol Lui-Philippe asiyeke.

Imiphumela Julayi ohlanga yayiba yokuthi izwe owema ngasekhanda umengameli wayo wokuqala wamiswa ngo France - Lui-Adolf Napoleon. Ukudalelwa abakholelwa ukuthi, emva amabili ehlulekile, yena Icebo lika yafika amandla ngezindlela ezisemthethweni, wehlela emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama Napoleon III.