Izici Isimo sezwe nezisetshenziswa ewusizo eSweden

Okuqukethwe kulesi sihloko - the Geological isakhiwo nokumbiwa izinsiza yaseSweden. Kungani kuleli zwe? Akukhona nje kuphela kunazo zonke kwezingu- amazwe Western Europe, i-State indawo, kodwa futhi uhlobo ocebile futhi ezihlukahlukene izici zayo ukuthi awaziwa kakhulu baseRussia. Geography naseSweden izisetshenziswa ezinosizo angaphansi kwezinhloso zenzuzo hhayi kuphela Ochwepheshe, zokuma kwendawo, kodwa futhi abafundi abaningi ukwazi.

Hlobo luni izwe

Indawo Sweden - Northern Europe (zaseScandinavia Peninsula). Omakhelwane - Norway yahlukene nentshonalanga, Finland - esivela enyakatho-mpumalanga, Denmark - kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Minerals Sweden kanye Finland, kanye izici yesimo sezulu, zifana ngezindlela isakhiwo ngenxa yokusondelana. Baltic Sea kanye Gulf of Bothnia ubizwa wageza ngasemanzini esimweni saso empumalanga naseningizimu. Usayizi lizwe 450.000 amakhilomitha square.

Njengoba kakade kushiwo, Sweden - kwekulu lamazwe zaseScandinavia. Phakathi wonke amazwe aseYurophu lingakanani kuyinto yesibili kuphela expanses wezwe lakithi, kanye Ukraine, eFrance naseSpain. Ubude insimu yalo bebheke eningizimu-enyakatho - amakhilomitha angaba 1600, futhi "ovundlile" (entshonalanga-empumalanga) - mayelana 500 km.

Isibalo esingaphezulu kwengxenye kule ndawo kuhlala amahlathi, kodwa 14-15% kuyinto emathafeni futhi bogs, futhi ngo 9% yezwe kuhlala amanzi maphakathi nezwe. Isibalo emifuleni, imifula kanye namachibi Sweden ifinyelela 90 000. amagama enkulu namachibi - Vättern, Vänern, Mälaren, Elmeren.

Sici incazelo emfuleni Swedish - hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu, kodwa ejulile kakhulu, nge nezimpophoma Rapids. Isiteshi ayelala kakhulu emazweni isiqondiso esivela enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Iningi imifula igeleza ingene khona eBaltic Sea (Gulf yayo of Bothnia).

Isimo inogu sasivumela eside (2700 amakhilomitha ubude), ehlotshiswe ziqhingi futhi emathekwini odabuka yemvelo. Amagama iziqhingi eziningi Swedish ezinkulu - Oland futhi Gotland.

Impumuzo ewusizo izinsiza Sweden

Gore ngokuthi Kebnekaise iphuzu eziphakeme kakhulu kuleli zwe. Phawula ke ngaphezu kolwandle -. Ngaphezu 2100 m wokukhululeka kumiswa izici zalo eziyisisekelo esekelwe indawo yeNhlonhlo zaseScandinavia futhi ingxenye Baltic Shield. Eligoqiwe isakhiwo entabeni ngesikhathi sako bedle inani elikhulu izinguzunga zeqhwa ezihamba mpo uhlamvu ukuqondanisa.

Isiqhingi lenqwaba edlule kwaba maphakathi glaciation yezwekazi laseYurophu. Le ndawo laligcwele izinguzunga zeqhwa zayo ezinamandla, edlulele uphawu 1500 m. Ososayensi baye basungula khona lokugcina nesembozo ezifana cishe eduze Stockholm yesimanje. It ngokwenzeka emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka mayelana 100 edlule. Okunye izinguzunga zeqhwa omkhulu esisogwini ogwini olusenyakatho lwalesi Gulf of Bothnia, eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalombili ezedlule.

Nasi geography

It kuncike indawo izidubedube wezwe izimfanelo impumuzo Swedish. insimu yalo zingahlukaniswa zibe izindawo zemvelo wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi. Northern Sweden elise ikakhulukazi phezu kwegquma, ihlukaniswe engenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi ibhande mpo. Ngokuphathelene amaminerali nezinye izinto zemvelo, ithafa Norland ubambe ngowokuqala ala maqembu Kumiswa ezifakwa ikakhulukazi moraine futhi Peat bogs. Emkhakheni ezingwini esentshonalanga Gulf of Bothnia khona assemblage ka inhlabathi zasolwandle.

Plateau Norland uphakathi nendawo enkulu nsimbi. Ngo focus efanayo futhi zigcine eyinhloko ugodo. izigodi engxenyeni esenyakatho nenhlabathi ocebile evundile okuyinto ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa ifuna amadlelo.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe (ku ithafa Smaland, emathafeni Central Sweden kanye Peninsula Skåne) kuyinto umkhakha ikakhulukazi kanzulu yezwe Lezokulima yayo. Ibid - aphakeme ukwanda kwabantu. Smaland ngokuqondene ne sezulu layo kuqhathaniswa omnene iyindawo evumayo kakhulu ukuphila komuntu.

On nenhlabathi engafanele ezolimo sikhule emahlathini ikakhulukazi coniferous. Shiya ingxenye enkulu yokukhulekela kule nsimu imbozwe Peat bogs. Skåne - Sweden South - emathafeni uye eshayisa cishe ngokuphelele izidingo zomkhakha wezolimo. Kukhona emhlabathini omuhle evundile, okuyinto Kulula ukusingatha futhi uthole isivuno eliphezulu. Emathafeni eyayihambisana lamagquma amangelengele ukuphakama encane, elula-mpumalanga ovela enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Lapho isikhathi ethafeni olunothile amahlozi esingaweleki abangu camera nge predominance kwezihlahla lezihlahla (umlotha, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, Maple, beech). Ngemva kwalokho, amahlathi enhle ezibhujisiwe babe ngumsebenzi wezandla zomuntu.

Sweden imithombo Iwusizo - kafushane mayelana izinhlobo ezinkulu

Isici esiphawulekayo kugcwele Swedish - ingcebo izinsimbi nobumpofu isihlobo izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa amaminerali. izici Isimo sezwe namaminerali ewusizo Sweden exhumene emlandweni. Ngenxa outcrops olubanzi imvelaphi magmatic futhi metamorphic zigcine atholakalayo elikhulu imikhando metallic. Inani elincane kakhulu okufanayo rocks sedimentary imvelo kubangelwa ukungabi khona cishe ephelele uwoyela, igesi yemvelo namalahle.

Swedish yensimbi nsimbi theka ukuba omunye abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kusebenza futhi lokuhlushwa i-ore izinqolobane, futhi okuqukethwe metal emkhandweni wensimbi. Uphiko yokuqala imayelana no 3 billion amathani imethrikhi, futhi okuqukethwe isilinganiso metal emkhandweni wensimbi singaphezu kuka-60%.

On sithenjiswe isithombe - Sweden namaminerali ewusizo (zilwane ezidla inyama esemqoka).

Kuphi uwathole

Kukuziphi izici afihliwe main namaminerali ewusizo Sweden? Angaphezu kuka 4/5 of nsimbi izinqolobane wezwe basuke bagxila ezibaluleke kakhulu nsimbi wesifunda walo. It iseningizimu eLapland, ngale kwe-Arctic Circle. Idiphozi ngobukhulu libizwa Kirunavaara futhi, ngokusho kongoti, iqukethe hhayi amathani esingaphansi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,6.

Lapp ore ocebile iqukethe lokuhlala eziphakeme metal - okungenani 2/3. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, ziningi ne phosphorus. Yingakho le nsimbi kunzima zigcwale amanzi. Sebenzisa lawa izisetshenziswa ezinosizo eSweden ngendlela yezomnotho waqala kuphela lapho umuntu eba Thomas sokuncibilikisa inqubo elafika ekuqa- le XIX futhi XX eminyaka.

Enye yezindawo yensimbi, ngokuthi Bergslagen futhi eyaziwa kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi, itholakala engxenyeni maphakathi nezwe. Ngu ngobungako netshe, waba kuvuma enyakatho, kodwa izinto zokusetshenziswa kuthiwa ekhishwe iqukethe iphesenti ezincane sulphur eziyingozi ne phosphorus, ukuze iye yasetshenziswa eside ngoba izidingo umkhakha, ikakhulukazi yokusansimbi.

Ake sixoxe izinsimbi non-ayoni

Ngokufanayo, oxhumene Geological isakhiwo nokumbiwa izinsiza yaseSweden, eziphathelene izinsimbi non-ayoni. Beka ngobukhulu imali yabo - ku Norlandskom ithafa. Kundawo Buliden - Kristineberg has a eziyinkimbinkimbi enkulukazi imali kanye sulphide emkhandweni wensimbi. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo zabo - mass zethusi, phambili, i-zinc, nesiliva, negolide, i-arsenic, pyrite. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kule ndawo Laysvall has kuholele emkhakheni, futhi Aitik - zethusi. Abacebe kwi-European ezifakwa zethusi esikalini e Central Sweden ngokuqondene nge operation eside kakhulu sancipha futhi awunazo value commercial.

Yini nezinye izinsiza ewusizo eSweden zenzeke insimu yalo? Lapho ungathola futhi bituminous oluthambile ezifakwa ngalo baphathe izinqolobane kakhulu kunazo uranium. Kulinganiselwa inani 317 000 wamathani. Lesi sibalo imayelana 20% zigcine Imininingwane lamazwe zama-Capitalist.

Kodwa ukusungula kwakhe shales nokwe-uranium-nithela zidinga nokunonophala abalulekile. Le nqubo akuyona kakhulu engabizi sicabangela linqoba namuhla ezingeni intengo ye-uranium eluhlaza.

Imali ezinonileyo Norrbotten futhi Bergslagen izinga nsimbi izifundazwe zaziwa hhayi kuphela kulo lonke lelo zwe kodwa futhi ngoba umhlaba wonke. Ngo Norrbotten - eningi imali zethusi pyrite. Inani lazo laphaya - mayelana 100. sifundazwe okuthiwa Västerbotten futhi Bergslagen eziphathelene emaphakathi Sweden, futhi abacebile insimbi lethusi pyrites.

Petroleum eSweden

Konke lokhu namaminerali Sweden zwe cishe isiphelile. A uwoyela Amasimu ambalwa owaziwa zitholakala ku-European uwoyela negesi umcengezi Central. ESweden uthola ingxenyana yayo, esehlanganise Ubukhulu komyalelo wokungabi 30 000 amakhilomitha square. It ithatha esiqhingini Gotland enyakatho-ntshonalanga ohlangothini. Igama elikhulu emasimini - Hamra. Imithombo kawoyela lapho, ngokusho kongoti, imayelana 20 000 wamathani.

Iyatholakala kuleli zwe, futhi kwelahle, kodwa ukubaluleka reserves yayo ngobuqotho, kodwa. Lapha, impumuzo kanye namaminerali ewusizo Sweden oxhumene ngqo. Umphetho yakhe wugqinsi -. Hhayi ezingaphezu kuka 0.8 m yamalahle ezifakwa (Öresund, Höganäs) kungatholakala esifundazweni Skåne, elise ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yeSweden.

Kungakhathaliseki kuyoba eSweden amatshe ayigugu? nengcosana zegolide nezesiliva concomitantly akhicitwe nakuchubeka ukucutshungulwa sulfide nsimbi. Nokho, Enasene kukhona mhlawumbe uwububi nje kuphela omunye igolide emasimini.

Mayelana nesimo sezulu-Swedish

Njengazo zonke emazweni aseScandinavia, iningi indawo Swedish ulala ngaphansi komuthi ungqimba kweqhwa. Lokhu kungenxa indawo sici ezintabeni zaseScandinavia. Zenza indima yisithiyo kophuzo ezinomswakama emoyeni mass ivela Atlantic. Ukuhlukahlukana sezulu waseSweden nendima ephawulekayo indima obuphelele abalulekile yezwe ohlangothini meridional.

ezingxenyeni zasempumalanga futhi eseningizimu yaleli zwe ngenxa amanzi afudumele kwe-Gulf Stream abe sezulu zasolwandle esipholile nge shift kancane ezwekazini. Ngo-January lokushisa ngokuvamile in the uhla kusuka - 15 kuya ⁰S - 3 ⁰S. Ngo-July - 10-17 ⁰S.

imvula yaminyaka yonke mayelana 300-800 mm imvula. Kusukela simo esishubile of encane yabo, kukhona umswakama ngokweqile. Mayelana isici zokugcina ensimini wezwe kakhulu waqala ukugcwala.

Esikhathini sezintaba izifunda esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yezwe, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwe-Arctic Circle, isimo sezulu uhlamvu Arctic. Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi we Northern Territory embozwe iqhwa amashidi, futhi amaningi entabeni-esigodini izinguzunga zeqhwa.

Mayelana emifuleni Swedish nasemachibini

Mineral ezifakwa eSweden - hhayi kuphela kwemithombo yemvelo. Zonke izici ezingenhla sezulu, nesimo sendawo futhi isakhiwo Geological e Sweden kukhona esihle ezihlukahlukene amachibi akhona nemifula esehlanganise ibalazwe lizwe nge inethiwekhi aminyene. emifuleni Swedish flow, ngokuvamile izigodi emincane futhi lihlotshiswe nensada nezimpophoma Rapids. Isikhathi esining impela, ukusebenzisa kwakhe imithombo yamandla.

Uma sicabangela Hydropower emfuleni njengenye imitfombolusito yemvelo, kuyinto izinsiza eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezo uqale ezintabeni zaseScandinavia (emithambekeni yabo empumalanga), egeleza Norlandskomu ithafa futhi iyangena Gulf of Bothnia. Amagama abo - Ongermanelven, dalälven, Lule, Umeelv, Indalsälven. Imifula alternate kanye namachibi amaningi amaningi izandiso echibini-like njengemigoqo amadamu zemvelo. Bakwazi ukunikeza isiqondiso kwamanzi ngokuhamba konyaka.

Lake - ingxenye engenakususwa landscape ejwayelekile lamazwe ezifana Sweden kanye Finland. Ngaphansi kwazo matasa okungenani 8% yezwe. Kutholwe phakathi Lake Vänern, Sweden eYurophu - kwekulu. On ugeleza of Umfula Göta ALV has impophoma okusezingeni eliphezulu, esetshenziswa, ukwakha kuso isitshalo enamandla kagesi kanye nenombolo lokuthumela sivala.

Izimila ezweni jikelele

Ekuphetheni - a amazwi ambalwa mayelana nemithombo isitshalo eSweden. Cishe yonke insimu yalo, ngaphandle eningizimu kakhulu, basonta indawo podzolic. Abanaso ukumela yinzuzo wezolimo. Okuningi ifaneleka kulesi nenhlonipho kwezinhlobo zenhlabathi wapheka-podzolic, yathi chithi saka emathafeni kanye namachibi Ephakathi Sweden.

Ihlathi nenhlabathi ensundu, okuyinto zibhekwa indawo enothe kunazo zonke, ekhona ensimini yeNhlonhlo zaseScandinavia, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe. Ikakhulu of nhlonhlo ocebile Skåne.

Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo eSweden umelwe ikakhulu kwamahlathi, ukufihla ezingaphezu kuka-50% zensimu. endaweni yabo -. amahektha Ngaphezu 23 million, ukuze yilo inkomba isimo ophethe nendawo ephambili phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu. Kwenqwaba kwamahlathi zimumethe coniferous. Ngasenyakatho, ensimini ka eLapland polar, ezikhulayo emithambekeni ehlathini kancane kancane eziphakeme indawo ku birch oluyisigwegwe. Okuningi ubabonisa ngenhla entabeni emathafeni amahlozi ulele, moss, umjunipha futhi birches yemifino.

Kuphela nezinyanga zasehlobo, landscape esibi ezintabeni ngesibindi utshani ukuqhakaza e obuluhlaza izigaba ngezigaba. Tundra izimila ihlanganisa okungenani 1/8 isikhala. Kwezihlahla ezibanzi enezicabha bangakhuluma Klone, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, Linden nomlotha. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi eseningizimu yezwe ungahlangana namahlathi beech.

Ingabe bakhona abaningi e-Sweden ukhuni

Akukhona nje omunye Sweden namaminerali kuyisunduzele phakathi flagships komnotho womhlaba. Ngokusho omunye wemithombo yemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu - ugodo imithombo - Sweden kungokwalabo abaholi baseYurophu phesheya. Ngonyaka yathela 2.3 bhiliyoni cubic metres, cishe kanye nazo zonke ke kungokwalabo AmaConifers. Nge umthombo base elikhulu kangaka yezwe kahle Woodworking athuthukile kanye uginindela nephepha izimboni.

Uma phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule kwakukhona ukugawula ngesihluku ngempela kwamahlathi eziyigugu, kakhulu ijubane layo kula mashumi eminyaka amuva uye ehlile. State wachitha imali eningi okubuyisela futhi evulekile izindawo zemvelo futhi sithuthukise ngezithako zawo. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno esikhulu endaweni imbozwe ihlathi liye landa ngokuphawulekayo.