Kuyini depressurization we indiza?

Ngisho labo ujwayelana imithetho physics futhi ngiyiqonde ukuthi inqwaba metal phezulu emoyeni, ngezinye izikhathi banomuzwa ukucabanga ungakhululekile indiza ukuthi phakathi kwawo phansi kanzima 10 amakhilomitha kanjani. Yini ukuba ngikhulume ngokukhululeka ngokukhubazeka townsfolk abavamile? abagibeli Ordinary singesabi ngisho amagama "depressurization of endlwaneni eyakhiwe izindiza", hhayi ngempela ukuqonda lokho oyikho nalokho lisongela.

Uma indiza

AmaCynic ihlaya ukuthi kufanele ungesabi izindiza, ngoba ngamunye wabo ngendlela eyodwa noma elinye emuva emhlabeni. Uma ucabanga ngakho, kuphela daredevils yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba ungakwazi ngokuzithandela singene isakhiwo ethambile, okuyinto antante 10-14 amakhilomitha ngenhla surface iplanethi ukuze ukuletha ukuba ukuphela kwabo. Empeleni, izibalo show ukuthi abafa phakathi indiza - akuwona neze umsebenzi olula.

Yebo, kungase kwenzeke okuthile okungavamile. Noma kunjalo, cishe imikhumbi yesimanje nama-pilot zabo ngokwanele ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo eziningi, okuyinto esikhathini esidlule kwaholela ezintweni ezibuhlungu izisulu eziningi, futhi manje ekubeni nje izaba ukwenza kokwehla eziphuthumayo. Zonke izinhlelo ezishintshayo ayimpinda, okukhethekile kakhulu isici womuntu. Uma inqatshelwe imishini, abashayeli abanolwazi ngokuvamile usengakwazi ukuvimbela enhlekeleleni noma ukunciphisa ukukhinyabezeka kwayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi inkathazo akunakugwenywa. Kwenzekani lapho depressurization indiza? Ingabe kungenzeka ukuba sisinde kule futhi yini okufanele uyenze?

depressurization indiza

Njengoba lisendaweni ephakeme 10,000 amamitha ingcindezi kakhulu ngaphansana ku surface eMhlabeni. Nokho kukhona ukubanda kakhulu, hhayi umoya-mpilo anele ukusebenza evamile umzimba womuntu. Akubuzwa ukuthi wona kanye umqondo wokuthandana imbobo isikhumba kungase okwesabisa ngisho elitheni futhi kwehlise abagibeli? cinema Modern baletha ingqondo ukuze bahlabele ukuzijabulisa, futhi phakathi kwabantu abavamile zinombono ukuthi ngisho umgodi encane e igobolondo le ndiza, alinikezelwanga ukwakhiwa yayo, nakanjani kuyoholela ngokufa kwaso sonke abaku- ebhodini. Empeleni, konke ncamashi okuphambene - yebo, umonakalo isikhumba ayikwazi kukhonjwe isimo evamile ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi ukuba siphathe njengobufakazi enhlekeleleni ozikhethela ngokuphelele. Umlando uyazi Ezimweni eziningi lapho ngisho sasivumela imbobo enkulu e sikebhe akubi kwesithiyo for uhambo okuphumuzayo ephelele. Ngakho, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini igama elithi "depressurization we indiza" futhi ukuthi kusho practice.

izizathu

Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi depressurization enjalo gumbi, kufanele ucabangele, ngokuqondene okuyinto lesi simo singenzeka. Esimweni esejwayelekile, njengoba siye saba sobala, liner ivaliwe futhi ifakwe yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe izinhlelo akancike, ukuze abagibeli bazizwe ucishe ukhululekile. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi isimo siphukile. izizathu ezingase kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle:

• factor womuntu - abagibeli noma izenzo nezisebenzi ezaholela umonakalo yesikhumba;
• yokukhiqiza ukukhubazeka - izingxenye enesici, ukwephula inhlangano ubuchwepheshe, njll;..
• umonakalo by lezinto angaphandle - ukuphulwa ngabomu noma ngengozi isakhiwo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kusukela ngaphandle;
• isimo esiphuthumayo - izimo ngaphansi okuyinto umthwalo phezu indiza ingaphezu zokuhlala.

Bese kuthi-ke isimo, kuye ngokuthi kwenzekani, angagcina ngendlela ehluke kakhulu.

Kwenzakalani?

Depressurization we indiza emachibini ngaphezu kwakho konke ezisengozini abagibeli anoxia kanye okuthiwa i egoba, noma decompression ukugula. Ngokuphambene eziningi inhlekelele amabhayisikobho, ngokuba ngaphakathi airliner neze isengozini baxoshwa ngaphandle, ngaphandle uma eboshelwe ezingongolweni ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo izisebenzi, futhi imbobo enkulu akuyona ezakhelene yabo ngokushesha.

Ekuphileni okungokoqobo, nge elincane Izilonda izindiza uyakwazi ukugcina ubuqotho isiyonke isakhiwo, ukuze kuthi uma kwakungekho decompression kuqhume, kweso, kwalimala abantu abangu futhi okuholela hypoxia okusheshayo, isimo kungenziwa ngokuthi kahle elawulwa. Into esemqoka - isikhathi ukuqaphela yokwehla kwezinga ingcindezi futhi ukwehla izinga lomoya-mpilo ukuze avimbele nokulahlekelwa ukwazi kubo bonke abangabakhe elingaphakathi futhi, ngokufanelekile, ekulahlekelweni inani lokulawula.

imiphumela

Uma indiza depressurization akekho asebenzelana ku imizuzwana yokuqala ukulimala ngokomzimba, akusho ukuthi kwakungekho ingozi. Uma ungathathi isinyathelo, zonke kubagibeli nezisebenzi namanje esongelwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• lokushisa ongaphakeme - kungabangela frostbite, supercooling jikelele, ukufa;
• egoba - ukulimala semithambo ngenxa okusheshayo ingcindezi iconsi;
• engamamitha hypoxia - lemali obanele oxygen emoyeni;

Uzokusho kanjani depressurization kwendiza, kuye ukuthi kwenzekeni, futhi izisebenzi kanye abagibeli. Flight kungaqedwa ngokuphepha ngaphandle imiphumela engemihle, futhi kungaba inhlekelele, noma ngabe Izilonda babe omncane. Ngenhlanhla, njengoba umthetho, konke uphela kahle impela.

izinyathelo zokuvikeleka

Hhayi indima okungenani kulokho uphela depressurization kwendiza, kudlala, indlela ngokucophelela olwenziwa kwangaphambi kwendiza nokusebenza kokubili izindiza nabashayeli balo. Kufeza indima ebalulekile ububanzi sasivumela ebanzi izici: operation lesifanele, esicatshangelwe kahle design, isevisi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuhlolwa njalo, njll ...

izindiza Modern anemisila inqwaba izinhlelo ukuthi yengamela isimo izindiza phakathi nesikhathi indiza. Ephambi kwezinduna okufanele nakho pilot uqaphela ngisho nezinkinga ezincane futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze uvimbele imiphumela engemihle. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, lokho kuzokwenziwa e-imizuzwana embalwa yokuqala lapho ushintsho olusheshayo sina. Ngakho, noma iyiphi izindiza zanamuhla anemisila-mpilo buso ekhethekile ukhiphe ngokuzenzakalelayo phezu izihlalo i decompression eziphuthumayo. Yabo umsebenzi inceku khombisa ekuqaleni indiza ngayinye ngokuhamba indaba mayelana nokuphepha. Kodwa akugcini lapho.

izenzo nezisebenzi

Inkinga ezimbi kakhulu ne depressurization okusheshayo kuyinto Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu oksijini, okwenza ukuphefumula ophilisayo, futhi inhloko - ukuphotha ka hypoxia oyingozi. Ngemva imizuzwana embalwa umuntu ulahlekelwa ukwazi, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana qala inqubo engelapheki yokubulawa amangqamuzana obuchopho, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izenzo efanele athathwa ezikhathini zokuqala.

Ukuthola isikhumba nemihuzuko, abashayeli kumele e esikhathini esifishane zehlele ukuphakama okuphephile 3-4 amakhilomitha. Kulelizinga i-oksijini emhlabeni yanele ukuba isekele ukuphila nokusebenza okuvamile kwe-umzimba womuntu.

Uma isimo uhlaliseke, kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo bese uthatha isinqumo kokwehla eziphuthumayo esikhumulweni sezindiza esiseduze etholakalayo. Depressurization indiza - nesizathu esizwakalayo ukumisa indiza ngoba asikho isiqinisekiso ukuthi ukubhujiswa ngeke uqhubeke.

abagibeli izenzo

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi baziphathe kanjani abantu abavamile sibhekene decompression. Okokuqala, kudingeka sihlale sizolile hhayi ukuyivuthela uvalo ngangokunokwenzeka. Okwesibili, kudingeka silalelisise imiyalelo kwabasebenzi kanye bayifeze. Uma phezulu yawela -mpilo buso okufanele ngokushesha wazigqokisa nokusiza abanye, uma kunesidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi indiza ukuba ziboshelwe ngenkathi esihlalweni ezingaba ukukusindisa kungadaleka ingozi embi kakhulu njengoba omawala futhi ngesikhathi lo decompression alufakwa.

Ezimweni eqaphelekayo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi depressurization indiza - kuphakama isimo esiphuthumayo, kwenzeka kaningi, kodwa cishe njalo ngaphandle nemiphumela enqala. Nokho, izinto zingenzeki njalo ukuqeda ngokujabula.

• Ngo-2011, phezulu indiza ngendiza ephuma eFeniksi ukuze bahlale khona Sacramento, umgodi mayelana 1.5 amamitha amabili ububanzi. Liner phansi ngokuphepha, akekho owalimala.
• Ngo-2005, enyakatho-Athene, eGrisi ngenxa depressurization kancane kancane izindiza iphaphalaze ishayisa entabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwashona abantu abangu-121, kuhlanganise namalungu ayisithupha nezisebenzi.
• Ngo-1988, endizeni flying phezu zaseHawaii, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa depressurization leso, ngenxa iyiphi ilungu crew ukuthi ayelimele kabi. Naphezu umonakalo omkhulu ngokwedlulele futhi ukubhujiswa isakhiwo isikhumba, umkhumbi ifike ngokuphepha.
• Ngo-2015, imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokufika esikhumulweni sezindiza enhlokodolobha sika, izindiza depressurization iphutha "Samara - eMoscow". Akekho owalimala.

Ngokusobala, decompression ayikanye kwethusa. Konke Nokho, umuntfu kweyeme etinyatselweni letitsatfwa ezinengqondo zabantu, njengenjwayelo. Ngakho ungayizibi imiyalelo izisebenzi, ikakhulukazi uma bezivakashele ukugqoka ngesikhathi ukubalekela kwesitulo.