Decompression ukugula (isifo caisson): Ukwelashwa, izimbangela, izimpawu, zokuvimbela

Njengoba yaziwa, umehluko umfutho womoya kuthinta impilo yomuntu. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi uyazi abantu ziyazithanda intaba ekhuphuka noma ekujuleni ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuncishiswa asemkhathini ingcindezi imvelo isikhathi esifushane ngokuvamile akuyona ephelezelwa thuthuva sina emzimbeni. Nokho, ngokuhlala isikhathi eside "akhishwe" emoyeni kuyingozi kakhulu. Abanye abantu ukuthuthukisa lesi simo njengoba decompression ukugula ngesikhathi okungazelelwe ingcindezi amathonsi. Kobukhulu isimo kunqunywa sezingeni ukuchayeka womuntu, amabutho okuvikela umzimba, kanye ukwamukelwa esifike izinyathelo udokotela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi decompression decompression ukugula ezimweni eziningi zingelashwa, kukhona amacala amaningi ukufa. Ukuxhumana umfutho womoya nalo zokugula usumisiwe emuva phakathi nekhulu le-17, ososayensi Boyle. Noma kunjalo, lesi simanga wezokwelapha wafunda kuze kube manje.

Kuyini decompression kugula?

I zokugula okuhlobene ne-occupational imiphumela eyingozi emzimbeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Boyle ingenye ososayensi lokuqala ukusungula ubudlelwano phakathi asemkhathini ingcindezi iconsi futhi izinguquko izicubu eziphilayo (inhlamvu yeso izinyoka), decompression ukugula yaziwa emhlabeni kwaze kwaba kamuva. Yilokho okwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho kuqala emoyeni amaphampu kanye caissons yasungulwa. Nakuba zokugula baqala ukubiza ingozi okhokhelwayo. Abantu abasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo umoya onomfutho ukuze kwakhiwe emhubheni ongaphansi kwesikhumulo amanzi, ekuqaleni abazange bakuqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko. isimo jikelele ukuwohloka wabonakala ngesikhathi lapho umfutho womoya kuyehla kube amanani evamile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-pathology yigama yesibili - isifo caisson. Ukujula iyona Isakhi esiyinhloko kulesi simo, ngoba kuyinto engavamile ngoba kukhona waphawula umzimba wethu umfutho ophakeme. Kuyefana nasendleleni ukuphakama. Njengoba sazi ukuthi sokugembula izimpawu isimo zivela iconsi ingcindezi (kusukela phezulu kuya inani eliphansi), uphethwe yini nzima uchwepheshe onekhono.

Ubani kuthintwa decompression kugula?

Caisson isifo ingekho ngokuzumayo futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kukhona iqembu ingozi - okungukuthi, abantu bavezwa lesi sifo. Lemisebenti walaba bantu kufanele kube ngqo walandisa asemkhathini ingcindezi izinguquko. Ngaphambili, lesi sifo abavezwe izisebenzi caisson futhi bezintaba. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, iqembu ingozi kakhulu anda - liphinde bawuthwala osomkhathi, abashayeli kanye abatshuzi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi idatha ukuhweba ayingozi, decompression kugula akusikho kuyinsakavukela. Kuthinta kuphela labo sidebeselele siphephe noma ube engcupheni. Phakathi kwabo kukhona miphumela elandelayo inkanuko:

1. Okwehlisa kwegazi ngomzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amanzi emzimbeni futhi ukuchayeka. I ukwehlisa wegazi ukugeleza waphawula phakathi ukuguga nezifo zenhliziyo.
2. Igazi kumiswa esishintshashintshayo nge ingcindezi encishisiwe. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kuhambisana ukubukeka Bubbles ezincane emoyeni. Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i okubangela lokhu yinto ngokweqile umsebenzi ngokomzimba ngaphambi diving emanzini noma ophakamisa ukuphakama.
3. isisindo emzimbeni. Lena enye kunomthelela ekuqongeleleni igazi amabhamuza emoyeni.
4. Ukuthola utshwala ngaphambi dive noma kuphakame ukuphakama. Utshwala ikhuthaza Fusion Bubbles ezincane emoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela kwande yobukhulu bawo.

Ukuphakama decompression ukugula: mshini ukuthuthukiswa

Njengoba kuvela imithetho physics kwaziwe, lo umfutho womoya inomthelela solubility yamagesi e uketshezi. Lo mthetho washayelwa usosayensi uHenry. Ngokusho izinkolelo eziqinile zakhe, ayanda ingcindezi kuma, ngcono igesi ancibilikisa in the ketshezi. Njengoba sazi lokhu umthetho, kungenzeka ukuphetha ngokuthi, njengoba uthuthukisa decompression nasekuguleni abantu abasendaweni ephakeme. Esikhathini kokuhlala isikhathi eside zone ephezulu asemkhathini ingcindezi emzimbeni nabashayeli bezindiza zezinkanyezi kanye bezintaba ejwayele kule ndawo. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla emkhathini ajwayelekile kithi kubanika ukuwohloka abukhali. Ngenxa ingcindezi iconsi legazi amagesi uqale ukuncibilikisa nakakhulu, kubutsela amabhamuza emoyeni. I esiyingozi decompression decompression ukugula ukuba abashayeli futhi kungani? I kwakhiwa air Bubbles egazini zingandiswa ngobukhulu futhi avimbele umkhumbi, kanjalo okubangela izicubu necrosis endaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile ukuhambisa ngomzimba bese ufaka imithambo esibalulekile kanye emithanjeni (cerebral palsy, i-coronary, yamaphaphu). Lezi Bubbles ukwenza njenge emboli, noma igazi ihlule ukuthi kungabangela ukwephulwa hhayi kuphela ezibucayi isimo, kodwa futhi ebulalayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa decompression ukugula ngendawo

Decompression yokugula abatshuzi has mshini efanayo ukuthuthukiswa. Ngenxa yokuthi ngezinye olujulileyo umfutho womoya lingaphezulu kuka phezu nge ukwehla elibukhali igazi layo amagesi uqale ukuncibilikisa kabi. Nokho, kuhambisana nokuphepha ukungabi khona engcupheni ukuthi kungagwenywa. Diver ukuze decompression ukugula alunayo, izimo ezilandelayo zibalulekile:

1. Sebenzisa of i isilinda oksijini, equkethe edingekayo igesi ingxube, ukunciphisa kokucindezelwa ku ukujula.
2. Ukwanda kancane umhlaba. Kukhona amasu ezikhethekile, beqeqesha abatshuzi ukudoba kahle kusuka phansi. Ngenxa yokwanda kancane kancane encishisiwe nitrogen ezingeni egazini, kanjalo Bubbles abumane.
3. Ukwanda the bathyscaphe - capsule ekhethekile uphawu. It kukuvumela ukuthi uvimbele ebukhali ingcindezi iconsi.
4. Desaturation e decompression emakamelweni ekhethekile. Ngenxa ukususwa nitrogen kuyanda umzimba akakubangeli Ukuwohloka solubility wegazi amagesi.

Izinhlobo decompression ukugula

Kukhona 2 izinhlobo decompression ukugula. Basuke zihlukaniswa indlela lokho nezitsha air Bubbles. Ngakho, ngamunye kubo libhekene isethulo yayo emtholampilo. Lapho egoba 1 uhlobo igesi aqoqana capillary encane, ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo letiphakela igazi esikhumbeni, imisipha kanye namalunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, air Bubbles bangathola amaphuzu e-lymph.

Underwater futhi engamamitha decompression ukugula uhlobo 2 kuyingozi kakhulu. Lapho sishayisa izitsha igesi emboli ka inhliziyo, amaphaphu, asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Lezi izidumbu kubaluleke kangakanani-ke, yephula i wabo abe nohlamvu sina.

emitholampilo isithombe

Isithombe basemtholampilo isifo kuncike uhlobo olunjani lomkhumbi ehlaselwa Bubbles emoyeni. izimpawu ezifana ukulunywa, ukunwaya, ubuhlungu emisipheni nasemalungeni, kubi uma turning umzimba, ukuhamba, elichaza uhlobo 1 decompression ukugula. Ngakho kubonakala ayinzima decompression ukugula. Izimpawu sici Uhlobo 2 sibucayi kakhulu. Uma sithinta izitsha ubuchopho kungenzeka ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo ezilandelayo: ukulahlekelwa ensimini ezibukwayo, wehlise namandla aso, isiyezi, Ukubuyelela kabili izinto emehlweni, enkeneneza ezindlebeni. embolism coronary wabonakaliswa angina kanye iphika. Uma sithinta izitsha yamaphaphu nge Bubbles ezincane emoyeni waphawula ukukhwehlela, kokuziklinya, iphika. Zonke lezi zimpawu ayisibonelo i degree isilinganiso decompression ukugula. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona okukhulu iziyaluyalu kwegazi lapho kungaba yingozi.

Kobukhulu amajika

Hlukanisa degree imnene, ngokulinganisela futhi okunzima decompression ukugula. Esimweni sokuqala, ukuwohloka kancane futhi reversibly ngesikhathi esifushane. Ezintsha libhekene ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga ukuthi kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, pruritus nesimungumungwane emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile, lezi zehlakalo kancane kancane futhi iyodwa. Ngezinye kobukhulu ngokulinganisela kukhona ukwephulwa abalulekile. Ubuhlungu amalunga nemisipha njalo futhi bazolokhu, ijoyina iphika, ukukhwehlela, emizweni ezingemnandi e inhliziyo, izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa. Leli fomu zidinga ukwelashwa esiphuthumayo. Sinzima caisson isifo kungenzeka kubonakaliswe ukucindezeleka okukhulu zokuphefumula, disorder urinary, ukukhubazeka kanye paresis, isilethikusebenza nokunye okunjalo. D. Ukuze unhlangothi ebulalayo kungaholela ezitsheni ezinkulu zobuchopho, futhi embolism yamaphaphu.

Ukuhlonza Ukugula decompression ukugula

Ukuhlonza Ukugula decompression ukugula akuyona into enkulu, kusukela zokugula eba amahora okuqala angu-ngemva emqansweni kusuka ukujula noma kokwehla. Isithombe emitholampilo ikuvumela ukuhlola kahle isimo sokungapheleli komuntu ezimweni eziningi. Uma usola ukulahlekelwa imithambo medium and enkulu ziyadingeka izindlela wezinsimbi of luhlolo. Okwakubaluleke ngokukhethekile angiography yenhliziyo, i-MRI zobuchopho, ultrasound emithanjeni yegazi wemikhawulo.

-X-ray ukuhlola ku amajika

Lapho decompression ukugula ngokulinganisela ezinzima ngokuvamile sithinta amathambo namalunga. Kwezinye izimo, emgogodleni ehilelekile inqubo. -X-ray indlela uphenyo ivumela okuyikona ka decompression ukugula. Kukhona okulandelayo ukulungiswa uhlelo osteoarticular: izingxenye ephakanyiswe noma calcification Ukuqina sekuyenzeka, ukushintsha ukuma amathambo (kwandzisa emizimbeni nokunciphisa ubude) - brevispondilii. Uma lokhu ngemoto bunjalo. Uma inqubo sokugembula abathintekayo kanye nomgogodla, kungenzeka ukuthola ke calcifications ezime njengesitebhisi igobolondo noma efwini.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa decompression ukugula

Khumbula ukuthi ngosizo esifike decompression ukugula ingelapheka e-80% amacala. Ukuze asetshenziswa kule emakamelweni ekhethekile hyperbaric, okuyinto eyenziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu umoya-mpilo umncane. Siyabonga kubo umzimba echayeke recompression nitrogen izinhlayiya isuswa igazi. Ingcindezi ekamelweni kuyehla kancane kancane ukuze isiguli ingashintshwa ukuze izimo ezintsha. Uma izimo eziphuthumayo idingekile ukuze yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule cardiopulmonary, ukuqala ukugeleza 'emsulwa "umoya-mpilo usebenzisa buso.

Ukuvimbela decompression ukugula

Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa decompression ukugula, kufanele ukuba ubambelele imiyalelo yezokuphepha ukujula okusezingeni eliphezulu emoyeni. Phakathi okhuphukela ephuma emanzini ukwenza izitobhi ukuze umzimba ungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa naso ka umfutho womoya. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile - suit diving kanye nowe-oxygen amathangi.