Kuyini ERP-yesistimu? Ukuhlela nezimali ezinkulu ibhizinisi

amabhizinisi abaningi esikalini ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke bafuna ukwethula ku umsebenzi wabo yokuphatha yithuluzi elinamandla, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ERP-system. Ukusetshenziswa Its senzelwe ukusungula control ngempumelelo nokuhlela ebaluleke lwamasu inhlangano izinqubo zebhizinisi, ukusebenza ukukhiqizwa eziyisisekelo futhi izindawo asizayo.

umqondo ERP kanye ERP-system

ERP yebhizinisi isu (Enterprise Resource Planning) kuhlanganiswa yonke iminyango Iinhlangano izinqubo amakhono okukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwezimali, ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi kanye nephrofayili zekhasimende, kanye nabanye abaningi. Lokhu kuhlobana ngokuyinhloko okuhloswe ngaso iqhakambisa zokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi ibhizinisi.

Uma ekuqaleni kwaba luyingxenye umqondo marketing, manje ngaphansi ERP-uhlelo uvame waqonda ekilasini software ezikhethekile. Ngomqondo obanzi njengoba kuyindlela yokwenza i yokuhlela nokuphatha zonke izinsiza ibhizinisi. Ngokomlando, ERP isu sesakhiwe ngesisekelo ezazingaphambi kwayo:

• MRP - izidingo impahla ukuhlela.
• MRP II - yekuhlelwa kwemitfombolusito ukukhiqizwa.

Ngokuphambene, ERP-izinhlelo ingasetshenziswa amabhizinisi ezinkulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngokwendawo basakaza. Kulokhu sikhuluma ukuhlela Enterprise Resource ngoba ibheka hhayi kuphela ukukhiqizwa, kodwa futhi ezezimali esibanzi. Isici ebalulekile ERP-system ukuthi kungenzeka kwesicelo yayo ngokuphelele iyiphi ibhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imininingwane ye-umsebenzi, kuhlanganise engakathenjiswa umshado emisebenzini. Uma ucabangela ke njengoba umkhiqizo isofthiwe, kufanele kuphawulwe imishini namandla kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi amadivaysi technical lula noma esikhundleni ekwenzeni izinqumo.

Ukuqokwa ERP-uhlelo ibhizinisi

Ukuze anqume ku izinguquko ezinkulu umsebenzi inkampani, ezihlobene ukuqaliswa kohlelo yokuphathwa kolwazi ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwamasu amasha ibhizinisi, ukuphathwa kumele kucace aware of LONKE isidingo lesi sinyathelo, okumele luboniswe amaphuzu letibalulekile letilandzelako:

• ukungafuni ukwamukela isimo samanje;
• khona isidingo ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukukhulisa ibhizinisi isikhundla emakethe endaweni yokuncintisana;
• elinde ukuthola izinzuzo ezinkulu kusukela ekuqaliseni ukusebenza.

Ukusetshenziswa lokuqala ERP-uhlelo kuhloswe ukuba lula ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwesu lebhizinisi efanayo, ukuqaliswa ezoqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuhlela Enterprise Resource nokuphatha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele ukusebenza nezigaba zawo, okungukuthi ukufeza ukungaguquguquki esiphezulu phakathi kwawo futhi banciphise izindleko zokuphatha. Lokhu kungafezwa ngenxa izinzuzo olunikezwa uhlelo ulwazi. Ziyakwazi:

• Ukuthuthukisa inqubo ibhizinisi obala.
• Ukuxazulula izinkinga ukuhleleka kuka nokuthola ulwazi olulungile.
• Ukwandisa nokwethenjelwa ukuhlobana idatha.
• Ukwandisa isivinini phakathi amayunithi dokhumenti.
• Inhlangano ye ulwazi isikhala esisodwa phakathi ehhovisi ikhanda futhi amagatsha akude.
• Ukunciphisa isikhathi yokugcwalisa amaphepha kanye ukususa amaphutha kungenzeka.
• Ukwandisa isivinini izinqumo kuwo wonke amazinga.

ERP-uhlelo ithuthukisa ukuncintisana into akuyona kuphela ngenxa ukwethulwa umsebenzi walo izinqubo iyashelela ibhizinisi. Ukusetshenziswa Its Kufanele sinciphise izindleko jikelele kwebhizinisi. ukuhlela Amathuluzi athuthukile, ukumbumbuluzwa kanye nokuhlaziywa ukusiza nokuqalisa isisetshenziswa nokwenza imisebenzi zokukhiqiza, emkhakheni wezezimali, kanye nomsebenzi we-USB, ezokuthutha kanye neminye iminyango.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ngo izinkampani ezahlukene, ngisho ekubhekaneni into efanayo, zonke izinqubo ibhizinisi kungaba okuhluke ngokuphelele. Ezisezingeni umsebenzi scheme, alinikela ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi uhlelo ulwazi, kungahluka kakhulu kusukela ngenhla osebenza lapha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sicabanga kuphela sibi njengoba umkhiqizo isofthiwe, ngoba yethula kudinga inkampani emikhulu izinguquko yangaphakathi e ngokuhlanganiswa kabusha izinqubo ekhona ibhizinisi.

izici lomqondo lwalezi nhlelo zihlobene ngokuqondile essence yabo. Khumbula ukuthi ERP-indlela kuhilela sokuhlanganiswa zonke ibhizinisi amayunithi ezibalulekile ukuphathwa ngempumelelo kwemithombo. Lobo budlelwane luyasetshenziswa ngaphakathi ohlelweni ulwazi kuba nedatha yetibalo munye wetisebenti temphakatsi. Imininingwane etholwe isitoreji kanye kuphela, futhi kamuva kungenziwa kaningi kabusha kanye esetshenziswa abathengi ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kanye nabangaphandle. Uma kuqhathaniswa ukuphila kwangempela, kulesi simo, kukhona nokwehlisa isikhathi nomzamo nezinqumo abasebenzi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ERP-Uhlelo hhayi ezenzakalelayo elawula uhlelo izinqubo kanye nezobuchwepheshe nolwazi okuhlangene esekelwe imodeli yabo abstract, ulwazi okuyinto langena abantu.

Isakhiwo egciniwe, kanye uhlelo isofthiwe wonkana, kufanele sihlelwe ngendlela efana ukubonisa imisebenzi wonke amayunithi ngothi lwawo. Le ndlela kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqapha iqoqo ezivamile imithombo kanye izinqubo zebhizinisi ibhizinisi e sangempela esiseduze, futhi kungakho lokufeza ukuphathwa zokusebenza futhi amasu.

Enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko ERP-izinhlelo iwukuba nokwandisa inqubo yokuhlela nokulawula ukusebenza kohlelo lokulwa. Esakhelwe ngaphakathi algorithm ezihlakaniphile kakhulu lula abasebenzisi bayo ngesinqumo sawo. Ngokwesibonelo, yokuhlela nokuphatha ibhizinisi industrial ine izici eziningi ethize ephathelene ne heterogeneity yezingxenye zayo abamelwe. Ngakho, kwelinye ifektri angaba khona ukuphathwa ukusebenza kokubili njalo futhi discontinuously. Kule ngombono, lwenteke uhlelo ERP kwekilasi kufanele kube jikelele futhi aqukethe anhlobonhlobo amamojuli ezikhethekile.

Njengoba amabhizinisi yesimanje namuhla avame ngokwendawo zisakazwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kokubili kude main amagatsha ehhovisi zanikezwa ngokufinyelela okugcwele jikelele ulwazi idatha esitolo. Lokhu kwenziwa eziphambili kakhulu inethiwekhi ubuchwepheshe ekusungulweni kwe-ERP-izinhlelo, okuyinto anakekele ukurhunyezwa futhi ukufinyelela komsebenzisi amalungelo ulwazi olugcinwe kwi-kubo.

Ukusebenza kwe-ERP kwekilasi izinhlelo

Ukukhuluma mayelana nezici, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ERP-class - ke manje uhlelo lokulawula iyonke. Ububanzi amathuba akhe kwasekuqaleni kuzoncika ubukhulu kanye nezici into umsebenzi, izidingo esetshenziswe kuwo. Cabanga isethi zakudala izici:

ukukhiqizwa

• Maintenance and Ukucaciswa ubunjiniyela ekhiqizwa izimpahla noma izinkonzo ezenziwa ukunquma inani edingekayo impahla kanye zabasebenzi amazinga.
• Ukudweba up izinhlelo zokukhiqiza.
• Ukuhlela nokuphatha we kobuchwepheshe ibhizinisi e indlela ehlukile: kusuka amayunithi elilodwa ukudala nezinyunyana ezimbonini.

izimali

• Operational olumayelana nezimali, zokuphatha, intela zokubala elilawulayo.
• izinkampani ukuphathwa kwempahla, kuhlanganise ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi, izibambiso, akhawunti asebhange nokunye.
• ukuhlela Comprehensive nezimali ezinkulu ibhizinisi, kanye ukulawula ngemiphumela yako.

Logistics

• Ukwakhiwa Okuqondiwe izinto, izinto zokusetshenziswa edingekayo imiqulu izingxenye izingxenye ngokuvumelana uhlelo zokukhiqiza.
• Sales kanye supply ukuphathwa: ezimali osonkontileka, izinkontileka yesondlo ebhukwini, kochungechunge lwemigomo yokuthengwa kwezinto, ukuhlela ishede kanye nokuqaliswa ezimali.

abasebenzi

• ohlelweni lokufuna abasebenzi Management.
• Izisebenzi tekusebenta kanye nabo bonke abasebenzi accounting, ukuphathwa abasebenzi, kwabasebenzi ezimali.
• ukuhlela Manpower.

Marketing futhi Ukukhangisa

• Ukuqhuba yokuthengisa izinhlelo.
• Inani ukuphathwa in ezahlukene izimakethe ukuze udale isu ezanele jikelele ibhizinisi, inqubomgomo obala kubalwa inani lezimpahla: ezimali izaphulelo kanye nemibandela ekhethekile yokuthengisa.
• Ukuhlela nokulawula kwenziwe imisebenzi asetshenzisiwe nokumaketha.

Projects. Ukuziphendulela

• Ukunikeza Ukukhetha eziningi ezimali zifane, amafomu okubika zezimali nokuphathwa, kanye indlela nezimo ngokudala ngokwezifiso.
• Ukudweba up nesu: ukuhlela ngeengaba ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo imigomo yezinto ezibonakalayo, zezimali kanye nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi.
• Ukuqapha izinkomba zokuveza indlela yokusebenza ye-project.

Yini amabhizinisi bangasebenzisa ohlelweni lwabo ERP-

Uma uthi nhlá kungase kubonakale sengathi lesi sigaba amasistimu zenzelwe kuphela amabhizinisi ezinkulu, njengoba kunjalo ngabo ngokwezinga elikhulu elinesimo eyinkimbinkimbi eliphezulu ukugeleza imithombo isakhiwo kanye netinchubo izinhlobo ezahlukene. Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho ibhizinisi elincane kungase kungeneli usebenzisa amakilasi noma MRP MRP II. Kwimakethe ungathenga isofthiwe banamakhono ahlukile. Kuye ibhizinisi lapho angahlolwa wayisebenzisa, ihlaba umkhosi esindayo, aphakathi nendawo kanye ukukhanya izixazululo.

Njengoba for izinkampani okungezona yokukhiqiza, amasistimu ERP-kilasi esebenzayo, efaka ngabo. Ukuze amabhizinisi okunjalo kuyoba ukusebenza ngokwanele hhayi sibanzi. Okwamanje, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo encane ehlangene noma endawo izinhlelo ingabhekana izidingo izinkampani zokuhweba noma izinhlangano abasebenza emkhakheni service. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi onjiniyela abaningi ukunikeza amakhasimende abo kanye nemikhiqizo umkhakha.

Ukwahlukaniswa izindlela

Isibonakaliso osobala kakhulu lapho kungenziwa labizwa zonke ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi uhlelo ERP - iyona isikali lenhlangano, lapho singasetshenziswa. Kule umbono, kuye ngokuthi isibalo semisebenzi wamukela ukwaba izixazululo:

• izinkampane ezinkulu (ngaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane. Pers.).
• Naphakathi corporations (kusuka ayizinkulungwane 1. Ukuze ayizinkulungwane 10. Pers.).
• Naphakathi amabhizinisi (100 kuya ku-1 ayizinkulungwane. Abantu).
• amabhizinisi amancane (ngaphansi keli angaphezu kwangu-100.).

Isici esibalulekile salo le systematization kwemikhiqizo ulwazi ukusebenza. Kuye umthamo ithengiswe imisebenzi kukhona ukwahlukana elandelayo ezivamile ku:

• Elikhulu ehlangene.
• Isilinganiso ehlangene.
• Lwezezimali nokuphathwa.
• Endaweni.

Inguqulo bendawo ngokuvamile elinobunye Imininingwane Boxed umkhiqizo directivity ewumngcingo kokuba izindleko iphansana jikelele. Ngokuvamile, kuhlanganisa owodwa noma ngaphezulu amabhlogo endaweni izinhlangano ezezimali noma umsebenzi we-akhawunti yakhe. izinhlelo ezinjalo efanelekayo amafemu ezimbonini noma kwezohwebo ukukhanya.

Ukuphathwa kwezimali kanye nezokuphatha kohlelo ibhizinisi ingasetshenziswa ikakhulu izinkampani okungezona yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi nithenga noma abasebenza emikhakheni yemisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwezimali zezimali futhi, futhi amayunithi bazibandakanye Logistics nokuphathwa.

Uxhumano Imininingwane uhlelo kuye ngobukhulu target lingaba likhulu noma ophansi. Khangela, basibekele zonke izinqubo zebhizinisi izakhiwo ezinkampani, okungukuthi ukuxhumana nabaphakeli kanye namakhasimende, ukukhiqizwa kwe-product yakho yokugcina, impahla notshwala kanye nezezimali, ubudlelwane abasebenzi, izindlela ezingezona zokuthenga, isitoreji nokusakazwa, ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi nabanye abaningi.

Modern ERP-izinhlelo emakethe

Zonke namuhla e imikhiqizo isofthiwe emakethe yasekhaya zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukukhiqizwa Russian angaphandle. Umahluko phakathi kwabo akuzona kuphela endaweni yendalo, kodwa futhi ukusebenza.

Inamandla ukuthuthukiswa entshonalanga kukhona amazinga lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama ekilasini ERP izinhlelo. Isibonelo esicace lezi imikhiqizo amafemu SAP, Oracle, PeopleSof, Sage, Baan, Microsoft Business Solution. Bonke singasebenza into target nganoma yisiphi ezingeni, kuhlanganise esikhulu kakhulu. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwabo yizinkampani Russian ngokuvamile ingaba nzima ngenxa nesenzakalo kungenzeka lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• amabhizinisi ukungatholakali ukuze kabusha sina izinqubo zebhizinisi ezikhona. Ubukhulu yalezi zinguquko kunzima yokugcizelela. izinqubo Foreign zebhizinisi ibhizinisi nohlelo lokuphatha zihluke labo obuvamile zisebenzisa ezweni lethu.
• inombolo ezinganele ongoti abakghona nokuqalisa kahle ezingeni project izinga ukuqaliswa yokungenisa ERP-uhlelo eRussia.
• Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo usebenzisa izixazululo ezinjalo.

Naphezu ukusalela jikelele lozakwabo Western, ngentuthuko zanamuhla Russian kancane okwandisa ukusebenza kwabo. Basuke ingashintshwa ngokugcwele amabhizinisi yasekhaya. Futhi ezingase zithathwe ngempumelelo, uma endabeni ethile akudingi ububanzi ububanzi izinqubo zebhizinisi, futhi badinga kuphela ukusungula lokulandisa eminye imisebenzi ngosizo ERP-system. Izibonelo ngentuthuko eziphambili yasekhaya - imikhicito 1c Inkampani futhi "Galaxy".

Uma bebheka esikhathini esizayo - ERP II

Wavela esikhathini esithile esidlule, umqondo ERP II kuwumphumela ekuthuthukiseni indlela ERP. Enterprise ukuhlela isisetshenziswa nokuphathwa lapha aphakathi izinkinga main. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kwi-Inthanethi lapho okuqaliswe ukuzalwa indlela entsha, zashiya izibazi, okwenza ibhizinisi bendabuko futhi ngokwengxenye electronic. ERP II luyinhlanganisela classical ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi uhlelo zokuxhumana izixazululo eqondile commerce.

Manje kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba basebenzisane nozakwabo yonkana inethiwekhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zikhona izindawo ezimbili ezibalulekile: kochungechunge lwemigomo yokuthengwa kwezinto kanye ikhasimende ubudlelwane. Imininingwane Intercompany alibe lisaba ezinjalo kuphela, uyaphuma endaweni ezungezile bese uba isisekelo sokubambisana nezinye izinhlangano ibhizinisi. A Umqondo omusha kuleli cala washayelwa njengoba ukuphathwa kwezinto zokusebenza nokwahlukana lobudlelwano bangaphandle ibhizinisi. Ngaphandle nje kokuthi reorientation yamaSoviet, ERP II izinhlelo babe izici zabo zobuchwepheshe.

Ekhuluma Ukukhetha uhlelo

Ukukhethwa Software lokhu ezingeni - inqubo unesibopho kakhulu. isinqumo esingalungile ndaba, ikakhulukazi yamaphrojekthi emikhulu kungaholela isikhathi umxhwele futhi izindleko ngokungabi bikho umphumela kulindeleke.

kwezindlela eziphusile zokwethula uhlelo emikhulu, okuyinto, isibonelo, kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kahle ukukhiqizwa manje, nakanjani ngisawubona lomlilo omkhulu futhi inqubo ibhizinisi reengineering. Kubalulekile ukugwema isimo lapho ekupheleni inqubo nokuqhutshwa kwezinhlelo, bekuyoba afeze iqoqo idatha ubuningi, noma ngeke ukuxazulula imisebenzi edingekayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kungcono iphrojekthi ukumema ukubambisana kungase kutholakale Kulokhu iqembu lochwepheshe.

Kukhona iqoqo elithile criteria ngokusekelwe okuyinto neqembu elalenza lo msebenzi ngokuxhumana ukuphathwa inkampani kwelitshe zingenziwa elilungile, isixazululo engabizi kukhethwa isofthiwe:

• izici Technical futhi ukusebenza kohlelo imigomo eyinhloko ibhizinisi.
• Ingqikithi yezindleko kobunikazi kuyinto angena isabelomali ngalezi zinhloso. Ngaphezu izindleko ukuthenga uhlelo, lokhu kuhlanganisa yokusebenza nezinye izinhlobo izindleko.
• Ukuqalisa Ulwazi uhlelo ERP kwekilasi kumele ihlangabezane bonke beqashelwa nezimfuneko zomsebenzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kube uyakaleka, okuthembekile, amelana ukwehluleka kungenzeka, yiba ukuvikelwa anti-virus futhi anti-nokugenca.
• Abanikezeli kumele siqinisekise ukugcinwa okwalandela nozime isofthiwe isifakiwe.

Inqubo yokuqalisa ERP izinhlelo ekilasini

Ukwenza umsebenzi we-ERP-izinhlelo amabhizinisi kuhambisana ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwamasu kubo igama elifanayo. Le nqubo, kuncike esikalini target ngokuvamile Uthatha amasonto ambalwa iminyaka eminingana. Ezikhona sokumisa inhlangano can bebodwa noma ukuthatha usizo izinkampani ezikhethekile kule. Kungenzeka ukuhlonza izigaba eziyinhloko yale nqubo:

1. inhlangano Primary. Kuyadingeka ukuba ichaze imigomo amasu, izinjongo kanye zibonisa umphumela olulindelekile ka ukwethulwa inhlangano ethile. Ngokusekelwe kulezi idatha sizokwazi ukwenza uhlelo lobuchwepheshe phrojekthi.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi. Kuleli qophelo, umgomo wokuhlaziya imisebenzi zamanje lenhlangano: isu layo ukukhuthazwa, izinqubo zebhizinisi. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela imodeli uhlelo yakhiwe, futhi uhlelo umsebenzi ukwenza ukucaciswa ezifanele.
3. Ukwenza lo msebenzi. Njengoba imithetho izinqubo zebhizinisi lisibeka lwenteke ERP-uhlelo, lapha ukuguqulwa wabo ngokuhambisana nezidingo zahambisana. Uma kunesidingo ngaphansi umbiko ukuthuthukiswa amafomu nokudlulisa idatha accounting algorithm izinhlelo esetshenziswa ngaphambi. Uma izigaba esandulele siphawule nemisebenzi ukwehluleka uhlelo project, kwenziwe ngcono yayo. Ekuphetheni, sasiqhuba ukuqeqeshwa umsebenzisi futhi pre-testing.
4. Eyala. Phakathi ukusetshenziswa, kukhona ukuhlonza nokuqeda amaphutha kungenzeka futhi eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa.

Of ERP ukuphathwa uhlelo namuhla - hhayi nje efakwe kuwo wonke amakhompyutha enhlanganweni ikhophi computer esibizayo, kodwa futhi amandla main ukushayela emasu phambili ibhizinisi. Ukukhetha kufanele kwenziwe ngesisekelo nezidingo ezikhona kanye target amathuba. Kusukela ngokunemba isinqumo nasekubulaleni izinyathelo kokusebenza ngokwengeziwe kuncike empumelelweni okuqhubekayo lonke ibhizinisi lonke.