Kuyini izibalo kwengqondo?

ukuthuthukiswa Ingane iqala kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe. Njengoba zikhula kubalulekile ukuthonya othisha abaqeqeshiwe uzokwazi ukuhlola kahle bezikhali ingane bese ulithumela isiteshi zokudala. izibalo kwengqondo ingenye yezindlela lomncane kanye ethembisa kakhulu imfundo yengane. It uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono nangokwengqondo wengane ukuze noma iyiphi inkinga izibalo kuyoba kuye, izibalo ezilula futhi esheshayo engqondweni yakhe. Uyini arithmetic ngokwengqondo: ibhizinisi umqondo omusha noma uhlelo ewusizo ukuqeqeshwa?

indaba

Indlela ezintsha yasungulwa ngo Turk Shen. Kusekelwe yasendulo labhubhisa Abacus - abhakhasi, owasungulwa ngo China iminyaka eyinkulungwane emihlanu edlule. Kamuva, i-Japanese zahlaselwa kaningi elicwengisiswe, futhi namuhla sisebenzisa ezobuchwepheshe intuthuko abhakhasi - wokubala. Nokho, idivayisi ye-akhawunti lasendulo, ngokusho kongoti, kwaba wusizo nakakhulu izingane. ukusetshenziswa kwabo inqubo yemfundo futhi waba nesandla ekwakhiweni kohlelo olusha, ngokuthi "izibalo kwengqondo" noma "Menard". It uqala ngo-1993 e-Asia. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo izikhungo acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu zemfundo emazweni 50 ezifundisa arithmetic ngokwengqondo. I asebenzayo iningi kule ndaba yilena ezikoleni, Austria, eCanada, e-Australia, Thailand, China naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukuvula izikhungo ezikhethekile eRussia, eKazakhstan nase Kyrgyzstan. Ngakho, kakade Imiphumela okusezingeni eliphezulu nezilinganiso wabazali ifinyelele izibalo kwengqondo e Astana naseMoscow.

Kungani kwadingeka ukuba ingane?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu ilungelo Nenkabazwe zobuchopho unesibopho lokusungula, ukuqonda futhi ukudalwa izithombe, futhi kwesokunxele - I-logic. Ukusebenza sobunxele, thina "Ukuvula" ubuchopho kwesokudla, ngakwesokunene - kwesokunxele. ukusebenza evumelanisiwe kokubili ama- inika ezingaba enkulu ekukhuleni kwengane. Ukuhlehlisa umsebenzi engqondo izibalo ingukuba bonke ubuchopho e inqubo yemfundo. Lokhu kufezwa ngezinkathi zezikhathi ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa ukusebenza ekulandiseni ngezandla zombili. izibalo sengqondo awugcini nje ukuze balukhulume kahle amakhono ukucabanga okusheshayo, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kohlaziyo. Uma yokubala yesimanje uphumule izinqubo engqondo, i-abacus, kunalokho, izitimela ngcono kubo.

owenza Menard kanjani?

Uhlelo ukuqeqeshwa of izibalo kwengqondo kunemibandela unezigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni izingane funda ngokubala amasu ku amathambo, usebenzisa izandla ezimbili nje le misebenzi. Ukuphendukela inqubo kokubili ingqondo akhawunti ama- inikeza ukukhishwa okusheshayo kanye nokusebenza ukugcina. Ngenxa abhakhasi izingane ukhululekile ungengeza, ususe, uhlukanise futhi uphindaphinde, kanye ukubala isikwele cube impande.

In esigabeni sesibili salolu hlelo abafundi zidluliselwa ku-akhawunti engqondweni noma ezingeni engqondo. Isifundo ngasinye lapha kuhilela buthakathaka kancane kancane koshintsho ukuze izikweletu nqgo emcabangweni kwengane. Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele uyabubona izinombolo kwesokudla - isithombe imbewu akhawunti. Ngakho-ke, ingane ifunda ukwenza izibalo ezihlongozwayo engqondweni. Kuyinto phambili izikolo ukwenza ngengqondo operation ezidingekayo. Lokho uyahamba ukusebenza i-abhakhasi engokomfanekiso. Manje inani iphathwa njengoba isithombe, futhi inqubo yokubala lihlotshaniswa ukunyakaza ohambelana imbewu akhawunti.

ubudala

Esikhathini kusuka (ngezinye izikhathi 16) iminyaka 4 kuya ku-12 ubudala kukhona ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo zobuchopho kubantu. Ngakho-ke, lapho usukwazi ukudlala kahle amakhono ayisisekelo kumele kwenziwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Yingakho ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi kulonyaka izingane ukufunda ezinye izilimi, ukufunda ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo, kanye neminye imisebenzi. Kulesi uhlu, futhi ihlanganisa ngokuvumelanayo ne izibalo kwengqondo. Ukukhuthazwa zobuchopho yalolu hlobo kunomthelela lula futhi ithele ngiyoqeqeshwa ngokwengeziwe.

Izinhloso kanye nemiphumela

I yezinjongo eziyinhloko Menara ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo enezithombe, futhi ukucabanga, kuhleleka umcabango, ukuzwa nokuqaphelisisa. Ngesikhathi professional approach kanye nokufinyelela ngempumelelo ngezinhloso wengane ongenza eziyinkimbinkimbi izibalo imisebenzi engqondweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze afeze ukwengeza enezinhlamvu ezingu-10 izinombolo imizuzwana embalwa, nokuxazulula eziyinkimbinkimbi Computing imisebenzi ngesivinini esingaphezu wokubala.

Uhlelo ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela zezibalo ensimini, kodwa futhi kusiza ingane kweminye imikhakha yemfundo. Inikeza kuye ithemba, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba basingathe amacala amaningi kanyekanye.

esikoleni

Namuhla, emhlabeni wonke e izinkulungwane izikhungo izingane yangasese sika zemfundo kufakwe arithmetic ngokwengqondo. Ezemfundo (amakilasi kuwo wonke amazinga) kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ngaphezu izigaba ukuthuthukiswa amasu Menara ukuhlukanisa amazinga 10, umfundi ngamunye uya izinyanga 2-3. Yiqiniso, lolu hlelo yakhelwe ngamunye ezikoleni ezahlukene. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ezinye imithetho jikelele. Amaqembu akhiwa ngokobudala kwabafundi. Ngokwesibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: enomusa, izingane junior. Amakilasi bafundiswa ngodokotela isipiliyoni nokuqeqeshwa zemfundo abaqeqeshwe futhi eqinisekisiwe.

ukuqeqeshwa kothisha

Ngaphezu izikhungo, ukufundisa izingane Menard, zikhona izikole ukuqeqeshwa ongoti kulo mkhakha. Njengomthetho, uthisha emkhakheni we-arithmetic yengqondo - kuwukuthi umuntu, okuyinto vele ine ngemuva uthisha imfundo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, kanye nakho kulo mkhakha. Ngoba inqubo yokufunda ngale ndaba kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela ilwazi leembalo namakhono ukusebenzisa i-abacus, kodwa sihlanganisa nokufundisa izindlela Menara nokuqaphela ezingeni ngokwengqondo ekukhuleni kwengane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhungweni zokuqeqesha othisha njalo ubambe izingqungquthela, ukuqeqeshwa sessions, okukuvumela ukuba silondoloze ezingeni lelisetulu amakhono, ukuqapha kothisha nabafundi zabo ngendaba "izibalo kwengqondo". Ukuqeqeshwa othisha kudinga isitifiketi ngesimo izivivinyo kanye nezitifiketi nokuthola ama-diploma. Imibhalo enjalo isiza abazali ukuhlola ezingeni uthisha ziqu kanye sikhethe kahle.

KweManyuwali kanye nezincwadi

ukuqeqeshwa izikhungo eziningi ukuba nezindlela siqu. Ngokuvamile, bayehluka kancane kusuka komunye nomunye. Izingane abaneminyaka engamashumi 4-10 kukhona mobile kakhulu futhi kuncike kudinga ukuphikelela nokunakwa. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo Tindlelanchubo Menard izingane ukufunda kusekelwe izici ezingokwengqondo kanye nobudala okuqonda umfundi. Ngaphandle lo mkhuba uthisha uyoba ngekhanda ezomile imithetho futhi ngeke kulethe imiphumela emihle.

Kunemikhakha emibili wokuqeqesha izinto: Iincwajana othisha kanye nezincwadi zesikole ngendaba "izibalo kwengqondo". Izinzuzo zihlanganisa iqoqo methodical, video tutorials nezincwajana ochazayo ukuthi izincwadi. Basuke avuselelwe, kulekelelwa izinto asizayo.

Incwadi ka-arithmetic ngokwengqondo classically amelwe ezahlukeneyo ezimbili: i-theory kanye nama-practical. Ngenxa umfundi wokuqala kumelwe ufunde imithetho yawo futhi amasu yezenzo yezamakhompyutha ku-akhawunti lasendulo, ukuthengiselana kanye amathambo. I workshop kukhona umsebenzi ekuloleni kanye nokuqinisa yolwazi theory. Izincwadi ube ocacile zohlelo ezingeni kanye nobudala abafundi.

Izibuyekezo

izibalo kwengqondo ezinganeni - uyi-akhawunti empeleni esasisesisha iprogramme. Kodwa engakabi kwalo kwabonisa imiphumela ngokuphelele. Imikhuba kanye nemibono yabazali baphikisa ngokuthi izibalo kwengqondo kuwusizo kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo. Kungaba kufakwe ngempumelelo enkulu ohlelweni lwemfundo ayimpoqo noma, njengoba manje, i eyengeziwe, ozikhethela zokuthuthukisa izingane.

Vele emibili kuya kwemine ema-awa ngeliviki ezinyangeni ezimbalwa amakilasi ukunikeza imiphumela emangalisayo. Abazali waphawula ngcono kumemori ezinganeni, ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga, ukunakwa okuhlushwa. Bazizwa beqiniseka kakhudlwana ngezikhathi jikelele, ethanda kakhulu futhi esheshayo ukulungiselela umsebenzi wesikole. Khudlwana lizinga lekuphumelela yabo.

Ngakho, i-arithmetic ngokwengqondo wawungelona nje uhide subject ethize sokuthuthukisa amakhono computer, kodwa futhi omunye izigaba e ekwakhekeni ubuntu athuthukiswe ngokuphelele. Ngomthamo usuwonke ubuchopho ukuthi "ivuliwe" ekilasini, ivumela ukuthi ukukhulisa ingane enempilo futhi kuphumelele, wayeyisazi kancane ngubani, esethole enjalo foothold okuqinile esikhathini esizayo uyakwazi ukushintsha umhlaba.