Izazi zemvelo Omkhulu owenza emhlabeni wonke ukuvula

Izazi zemvelo Omkhulu ososayensi adumile ababefunda ubunjalo uxhumana ngqo nalo. Leli gama kungenziwa ziqala, uma izabelo amabili: "Imvelo" - kuba ubunjalo kanye "test" - hlola.

Izazi zemvelo Omkhulu: uhlu

Ngo ngesayensi yemvelo isikhathi lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba uchaze isimo futhi bafunde iyonke, isb. E. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi kusuka emikhakheni ehlukene yesayensi ezifana wezitshalo, ukufunda izinkanyezi, ngokuphila kwezilwane mineralogy, le zemvelo lokuqala ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Kufanele uhlu ososayensi bese utshela mayelana neminye imininingwane engase yenze ethakazelisayo lapho ayemaningi namathuba ambalwa ngakho nolwazi:

• Stiv Irvin (e-Australia).
• Terri Irwin (e-Australia).
• Alice Menfild (e-Australia).
• Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva (Brazil).
• Bartolomeu de Gusmão (Brazil).
• Erik Pontoppidan (Denmark).
• Frederick Faber (Denmark).

Izazi zemvelo Omkhulu eFrance, eJalimane, iGreat Britain, Poland, Croatia, eSwitzerland nase-Russia, phakathi aziwa Vyacheslav Pavlovich Kovrigo Aleksandr Fedorovich Kots futhi Mihail vasilevich Lomonosov.

Usosayensi wokuqala

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo ubunjalo indoda ebonakala endulo, lapho eqala ukucabanga ngalokho edliwayo simila ikuphi, indlela yokuzingela izilwane nendlela yokulawula kubo.

EGrisi lasendulo, kwakukhona zemvelo wokuqala omkhulu, kuhlanganise u-Aristotle. Yena waqala ukufundelwa futhi nibuke imvelo futhi wenza umzamo nokumisa ngolwazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imibono yabo usosayensi wayenethonya imidwebo ukuthi wasiza uphenyo. Kwakuwusuku inzuzo lokuqala yesayensi, isikhathi eside esetshenziswa esifundweni.

Phakathi nokuphila Aristotle wadala zoo esikhulu, futhi amsize ukuba abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kuhlanganise abadobi, abelusi, abazingeli, lapho wonke umuntu babenedumela okuyinhloko ensimini yakhe banikwa.

Ngesisekelo eqoqwe ulwazi usosayensi wabhala izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-50, lapho izinto eziphilayo zihlukaniswe elula, amela leliphansi kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa, kanye njengoba kukhonjiswa nezinye izinto eziphilayo kuyisiphazamiso ukuthi maningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Yena wakhetha iqembu izilwane namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi Arthropoda, lezi zihlanganisa izinambuzane kanye ezinamagobolondo.

I semvelo omkhulu Carl Onomusa

Kancane kancane Nithole ulwazi, izitshalo nezilwane kwakufanele sithathelwe indawo yizinto amagama, kodwa emazweni ahlukahlukene, abantu babenikeza amagama abo, nibanga isiphithiphithi. Kwakunzima ngokukhethekile ososayensi ukwabelana ulwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho, ngoba kwakunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini noma ukuthi ungubani. uhlelo ngesikhathi sika-Aristotle, eyayisetshenziselwa isikhathi eside, saba esingasebenzi futhi kwaba alisasebenzi, lapho kwavulela ezweni elisha.

Eyokuqala ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sesifikile ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthula, kwaba usosayensi Swedish Karl Linney yakhe, oye wenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekhulwini le-17.

Wanikeza igama zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi, futhi isi-Latin, ukuze wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuqonda emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi, izinto eziphilayo ayehlukaniswe amaqembu kanye ngezigaba kanye ithole igama double (zenyathi). Ngokwesibonelo, birch inegama njengomphathi ploskolistnaya futhi yemifino Ibhere elinsundu nomhlophe.

uhlelo Onomusa 'wasebenzisa kuze kube manje, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, ke ilungisiwe kulekelelwa, kodwa umnyombo uhlelo ayiguquki.

uCharles Darwin

Ekhulwini le-19 eNgilandi, ekhaya we usosayensi odumile uCharles Darwin, owaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi futhi osungulwe kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela umsuka emhlabeni, okuyinto zonke wesikole ezaziwayo.

Eziningi zalezi zemvelo ezinkulu labetibambile izinguqulo Darwin, eyayihlanganisa e yokuthi izinto eziphilayo ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukujwayeza ngemibandela ethile ephilayo. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu ungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa naso, futhi kusinda ezinamandla, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi bakwazi ukudlulisela inzalo izimfanelo zabo engcono ngofuzo.

ososayensi Russian

Kule minyaka edlule, le zemvelo okukhulu kwakukhona eRussia, futhi abantu abaningi ukwazi kokufaneleka yabo nokwatholakala.

Isazi sesayensi yezakhi zofuzo UNikolai Vavilov wenza umnikelo omkhulu esifundweni izitshalo kutshalwa. Wabutha iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke imbewu, okuyinto has amasampula mayelana 250,000, ukucacisa indawo azo endabuko, bese athuthukile imfundiso yokuziphendukela isitshalo ukungatheleleki.

umnikelo omkhulu emkhakheni kwezokugoma ukwenze Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, ukutadisha umzimba womuntu ngendlela lwempi amagciwane ahlukene. Umsebenzi lanikezelwa ekutadisheni ikholera, typhoid, isifo sofuba nomhlathi ugcunsula, ezama ukuqonda umsuka kanye ukuthola izindlela ukulwa. Yena eyayenziwe okubangelwa ugcunsula e izinkawu wazichaza emibhalweni yakhe. lezi impumelelo kuphela akunakubangelwa esigabeni 'ososayensi kakhulu ngokwemvelo. " Biology bekulokhu isayensi ezinkulu: edala imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, lapho zizalela uye echitha isikhathi esiningi esifundweni yenqubo ukuguga, futhi ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi ukuguga iza ekuseni kakhulu ngenxa self-ubuthi i amagciwane ahlukene umzimba ubuthi.