Kuyini izinga Ibhange ukhiye? Izinga ayisihluthulelo Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Uma ucabangela umbuzo yini izinga ukhiye kungaba nengqondo ukuphetha wazi ukuthi lo mqondo kuqhathaniswa ithuluzi elisha komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali eRussia. Umkhuba nokusebenzisa lo mshini eNtshonalanga kuvamile, njengoba kungaba nomthelela kwi lwemali. Ikhumbula imininingwane emnothweni isiRashiya, futhi izinga ukhiye nomphumela eyinqaba isimo kuleli zwe.

Nasi umlando isimo sangempela

Ukutadisha umbuzo yini izinga ukhiye, kufanele kusho ukuthi lokhu intengo, esetshenziswa wonke ekuhlinzekweni kwezinhlelo nekwesekela ngetimali ku-Central Bank ezikhungweni ukuhweba ngemali. Sikuveze njengoba amaphesenti, okuyinto ibalwa loan olunikezwa Bank of izikhungo zezimali ezincane. Ensimini ka Russia umqondo uvele kuphela ngo-2013. Injongo eyinhloko ukwethulwa leli thuluzi - ke sisebenzisa ukulawula inqubo kwamandla emali. Kuze 2013 kwanqunywa ukuba usebenzise le njongo izinga refinancing. Yesimanje inqubomgomo yezezimali kwenziwa maqondana yokuthi izinga refinancing ayisaxhunyanisiwe kubonise isimo sangempela emakethe nsiza. Ibhange emaphakathi kunquma ukuthi ukusebenza kumelwe ilingane ukhiye izinga. Izinga refinancing, umehluko zibaluleke kusukela COP futhi uye kwakheka Central Bank. COP Revaluations kuyenziwa njalo ngenyanga (esekelwe isimo sangempela emakethe).

Njengoba izinga zashintsha njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka?

Phakathi kulungiselelwa ngonyaka odlule iye yashintsha kaningi. Ekuqaleni sibalo kwakulingana 5.5%. Esikhathini kusuka Mashi kuya ku-June 2014, lapho yashintsha kaningi: 7%, 7.5% no-8%. Ekupheleni kuka-October 2014 Usayizi COP safinyelela 9.5%. Kakade Disemba 12, 2014, ngenxa ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu dollar, Ibhodi wamabhange Labaqondisi Russia zihlangana endaweni okwakwenzeke irekhodi 10.5%. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga ushintsho akuzange imiphumela kulindeleke nomthelela ivolumu kulindeleke emakethe wayengekho lapho ngomhla ka-16 enyangeni efanayo, izinga isibe 17%. Februwari 2, 2015-ke lancipha laba-15%. Emhlanganweni odlule, elaliba kulo nyaka ngoMashi 16, kwanqunywa ukuba usethe izinga 14%.

Eyaba khona kuqala?

Izinga Isihluthulelo siwukuba Bank of Russia - kuyinto Analogue of izinga refinancing. Namuhla, i-CP isetshenziselwa ukubala inhlawulo, izinhlawulo kanye nokukhokha intela. Sekuyisikhathi eside wasala 8,25%. Ngaphambili wakhonza njengendlela yekucala sokunquma inzalo emalini ebolekwe, namuhla awusebenzi enze lo msebenzi. Kuze September 13, 2013 CP kubhekwa obalulekile inkomba kwezomnotho, okutshengisa izinqubo zezomnotho eRussia. Injongo yesibili CP okusasele namuhla. Isetshenziselwa njengenhlangano sibalo kukhombisa sokuba ukuhlaziywa emali kanye emakethe jikelele. Izinga ayisihluthulelo Central Bank of the Russian Federation - iyithuluzi ukuthi ngelinye cishe ngokuphelele CP kube inkomba yokuthi isimo somnotho.

Ithonya COP isimo kuleli zwe

Ukushintsha i-COP, uhulumeni waseRussia ungalawula kwamandla emali. Ukukhulisa ukhiye izinga kuholela yokuthi kukhona ukwanda intengo kwemithombo nezikhungo ukuhweba ngemali, kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi inzalo imali kanye loans. High zenzalo ukwenza ayeyiboleke abantu bayehluleka ngekwetimali, ngoba iningi. Ukuncipha kwezimali okuholela ukwehla abukhali nakwentiwa. Ukucindezelwa Rouble kakhulu izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali encishisiwe okwesikhashana. Uma umnotho wezwe is ekunqandeni okubangelwa ukwehla ekukhiqizeni, kubonakala lo mkhuba deflation. Bank of Council waseRussia enquma ukungaqhubeki ukwandisa izinga ukhiye, bese wehlise ke. Ukubolekwa ekubeni ethengekayo, qala abolekise emkhakheni yangempela emnothweni. Lesi simo equalized.

Izici ithuluzi

Ukutadisha umbuzo yini izinga ukhiye, kufanele ishiwo engekho Insimbi umthetho eRussia. indawo yakhe usalokhu izinga refinancing, nakuba indima yayo eqinisweni ngempela kuyinto engasho lutho. Zonke kungagcini ukubala lwezijeziso, izinhlawulo kanye nokukhokha intela. Ekupheleni kuka-2015, i-COP iwukuba esikhundleni ngokuphelele isiSlovak Republic. Inzuzo enkulu ngokusebenzisa leli thuluzi ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukuze ulungise izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, ngakho-ke, ngiyoba nethonya elihle kakhulu phezu nokuvulwa emnothweni wesifundazwe. Abahwebi emhlabeni wonke eduze ubukele COP abadlali emakethe enkulu (USA, Switzerland, Japan, Canada nokunye.). Ngobusuku obandulela amazinga isikhangiso emakethe kungabonwa simo esishubile ngaphezulu. Uma izinguquko Izinga ke kukhona eqa abalulekile. Izinga ayisihluthulelo Central Bank of the Russian Federation - liyithuluzi zezimali ukuthi akuyona ngaphandle amaphutha. Kufanele ishiwo inertness khulu begodu ongaphakeme e izimo zezinhlekelele. Nge ziwohloke elibukhali isimo somnotho, ikakhulukazi lapho umthelela isimo iwukuba izici zangaphandle, izinga ushintsho akusho uphathe engavumelana isimo, futhi imiphumela emibi ziyabonakala.

Alternatives namathemba

Uma ucabangela umbuzo yini izinga ukhiye, kuyafaneleka ethi lapho besekuhluphekeni kungcono esikhundleni umyalo nokulawula izindlela. Kungase kube umnkantsha uhulumeni izinga noma ukulawulwa amanani emakethe. Bangaphinde some amazinga ezimakethe zezimali. Uma sicabangela isimo esimweni Russia, kuba sobala ukuthi ngesilinganiso ukwanda kuya 17% akangayiletha yi kulindeleke, hhayi kuphela ngenxa okusondelayo ukwehla of the ruble, kodwa futhi ngenxa unswinyo avela eNtshonalanga. ushintsho olukhulu Inkomba ngenxa ukusebenza yayo ongaphakeme ngokushesha encishisiwe, ngowokuqala 15% bese kuya ku-14%. Okwamanje samanje, Central Bank akusona isizathu ukukhulisa amanani olwengeziwe. Lesi sinqumo kungaholela amanani ephakeme imikhiqizo yasebhange ezisesesikhathini ezingafinyeleleki, nokunye okuningi sabantu. Uma sicabanga ukuthi iRussia manje zenza konke ezingakwenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimali zomnotho, sikwazi ukukhuluma olunye ukwehlisa COP.

Izindaba-CA futhi izinguquko komthetho zentela

Ukhiye Bank of Russia izinga - a "isikhali esithekile" Central Bank, okuyinto yethulwa komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali ukuze sithuthukise ngale. Kwakamuva ezibucayi izinga ukwanda kuya 17% sabhalwa ngo ekuqaleni 2015. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano ukuhweba ngemali waqala ngenkuthalo ukukhulisa amanani hhayi kuphela sokubolekwayo, kodwa futhi ku imali. Ngakho, ngokuhambisana nomthetho, iphesenti imali yenziwe njengoba ingaphezulu CP 5 ngemaphesenti kufanele intela (PIT). Uma sicabanga ukuthi ngemva okwandisa CP COP azishintshile, nge isivuno imali ngaphezulu 13,25% (okuyinto kwenzakala kakhulu) saba ngaphansi intela. Ngaphambili, inani idiphozi izinhlelo nge isivuno ezingaphezu kuka 13,25% kwaba ongatheni, namuhla zingabantu iningi. Cishe bonke abantu abafinyelela imali, bakhubeka phansi kwentela yengeniso.

ukungafani Ukusebenza

Ngenxa nokushintshashintsha zomthetho zimali kwakudingeka akhokhe 35% ngokweqile inzuzo intela. Ngenxa yalezi zenzakalo, kwanqunywa ukuba enze izinguquko imithetho yentela. Ukukhokhisa 5 ngemaphesenti sishintshile saba plus 10 ngemaphesenti. Rouble ezifakwa nge isivuno 18,25% awekho ngaphansi intela. ilungelo Yokutholwa - ke yisisombululo sesikhashana, ogama eside iphela-December 31, 2015. It is kuhlelwe ukunciphisa izinga kanye nezinga refinancing futhi izinga isihluthulelo ngenani elilodwa.

Yini ukutshela COP?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iNkantolo Yomthetho-sisekelo - inkomba yokuthi isimo emnothweni Russian. Futhi cabanga ukuthi ukhiye yasebhange izinga ezinjalo, kudingeka sinake ukuba khona ukuxhumana phakathi ubukhulu kanye eziyimbangela kuleli zwe. With ongaphakeme senzalo, ungasho ukuthi ruble ibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi ngesilinganiso lwemali kazwelonke liphansi kakhulu. High senzalo sikhombisa ukwehla ijubane ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho isimo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Inani zemali in kwegazi, uqala ukushona, ngesilinganiso lwemali kazwelonke anda. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ngemva ukushaywa ebusika eRussia ehlile ukwehla yayo ngesilinganiso ruble manje ngendlela enomqondo bathi olandelayo COP ukunciphisa kungaholela sinjalo lesi simo siyaphuthuma futhi dollar eshibhile. Umnotho yasekhaya uyokwakha ngokushesha, futhi ikhambi zonke izinkinga isimo ithole impendulo yombuzo kuyini izinga Ibhange ukhiye yezwe.