ImpiloIzifo nemibandela

Kuyini mumps? Izimbangela, ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela

Ngingumfana omama isiqiniseko eziningi kabani imikhaya abafana ezikhulayo, ukwazi izifo ezifana mumps. Phela, abafana, lokhu kuhlasela ushaya ephindwe kabili yokubhidlika kunalapho kuqhathaniswa namantombazane. Futhi labo basuke bengazi ukuthi lesi sifo bese siphathe unganakile yokwenqaba ukuba bagome izingane zabo, nje kufanele bajwayelane lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke yini mumps? Ziyini izimbangela zesifo, ikakhulukazi ukugeleza kanye nokwelashwa? Konke lokhu uzothola kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini mumps?

Abantu abavamile mumps isifo (isiguli owethulwe ngenhla isithombe) obizwa ngokuthi 'ingulube ", ngoba lapho ukutheleleka livela ukuvuvukala ezinzima entanyeni ngemuva ezindlebeni. Kuthathwa ikakhulukazi isifo sezingane. Kodwa ukukhipha ingozi mumps e abadala abakwazi. Lesi sifo okukhulunywe ngaye 5th ekhulwini BC. e., kodwa konke ukwaziswa okungukuthi mumps nalokho izimpawu wakhe uvele kuphela ekhulwini lama-20.

Lena isifo oyingozi esithathelwanayo esibangelwa igciwane, okuthiwa paramyxovirus. He is sibi kakhulu, futhi kalula ubhujiswe abilayo noma emisebeni yelanga. Kodwa esitebeleni paramyxovirus izimo ezibandayo ngaphansi, isb uyakwazi eside ekuphileni aphezulu okushisa afinyelela ku lokususa 70-80 degrees Celsius. I ejwayelekile kakhulu okubonakalisa isifo - yisishiso nezindlala salivary, okuholela nokwanda kokungabi kungenzeki yabo. Mumps ikakhulu kuthinta izingane ezineminyaka engu-3-15. Kukholakala ukuthi ingulube ogulayo kanye kuphela, njengoba amasosha omzimba atholwe ubhekwa impilo, kodwa amacala kabusha ukutheleleka zenzeka njalo. Emvelweni, isifo kuphela phakathi kwabantu, ukuze ukwazi batheleleke nje kusuka umuntu ogulayo, kodwa hhayi kusuka izilwane zasendle nezinyoni yasekhaya.

ingulube Sick can ngokuphelele wonke umuntu akanayo amasosha omzimba ukuze igciwane. Phela, kuphela kuphakama ezimweni yokugoma, noma esimweni uma umuntu owake waphathwa mumps. Paramyxovirus lingasethelwa abangenwe amaconsi sisemoyeni noma somuntu ngqo, isibonelo, ukuba nomntwana ophile kahle kuthatha emlonyeni ithoyizi muva wakhotha egulayo.

Futhi lesi sifo libhekene isizini, ikakhulukazi kaningi ukutheleleka kwenzeka in spring ngasekupheleni kwehlobo mumps cishe awufakwanga encwadini. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ezinganeni nakubantu abadala ihlukile kancane: ingane - kusukela ezinsukwini 12 kuya 23, kanye nabantu abadala - kusuka 11 kuya ezinsukwini 25.

Mumps kuyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi senyanga yokuqala. Ukutheleleka kungabangela wokudamba fetus noma ukuphuphuma. Ngo lonke isikhathi akuyona esiyingozi kanjalo, kodwa ethemini leyengcile kungabangela jaundice evelele kule osanda kuzalwa.

Ukwahlukaniswa izifo

Mumps sihlukene phakathi kobukhulu isifo kumafomu ezintathu:

  1. ifomu Ezintsha kuhambisana kuyanda esifushane lokushisa futhi ukulahlekelwa nezindlala salivary kuphela.
  2. Indlela Isisindo esivamile kuhambisana ubuthakathaka jikelele, imnyama futhi ubuthongo, imfiva isikhathi eside futhi izilonda nezinye izitho yezindlala.
  3. ifomu Sinzima libhekene izilonda nezindlala eziningi, kuhlanganise isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Temperature mumps ezinzima kungenziwa bayovuswa ukuze 40 degrees. ingozi High yezinkinga ezinzima.

Futhi, lesi sifo sehlukaniswe ukuma ejwayelekile futhi atypical.

I. Ukuze ifomu ejwayelekile libhekene izimpawu ezicacile. Futhi kungaba into angawodwa esiboniswe kuphela izimpawu of mumps, futhi kuhlangene, lapho kuhlangene izimpawu of mumps nezinye izifo ezihlobene.

II. Phakathi amafomu atypical izimpawu kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi ngokuphelele.

Ukuze mumps futhi incike engu-isiguli. Izingane athwale ingulube kalula kakhulu kunabantu abadala.

Izimbangela zesifo

Njengoba sekushiwo, isizathu esiyinhloko esibangela mumps - ngegciwane, kunalokho paramyxovirus. Gateway ngoba Ukungena salo mucosa we elingenhla pheshana zokuphefumula, ie ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa talking, ukhwehlela noma sneezing umuntu ogulayo. Ungase futhi sithathe ngegciwane ngokusebenzisa izinto zasekhaya, okungukuthi, uma ngamathe lesiguli yawa phezu kwezinsizwa ithawula, izitsha, bese ngemva ukuzisebenzisa umuntu enempilo kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.

Uma igciwane lingena ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, iqala buthelela khona, bese singena isiteshi igazi. Futhi isiteshi isakazwa kuzo zonke izinhlaka. A ndawo idume ngokudla igciwane - isitho yezindlala, lapho luhlala nekucala ngenkuthalo ziyanda. Yiqiniso, ukuthi noma iyiphi ingxenye yayo iba kwezinye izitho, kodwa kukhona ngokuvamile ukuvuvukala kwenzeka. Kodwa amasosha ethu omzimba njalo ukuvikela umzimba, futhi liqale ngenkuthalo akhiqiza amasosha omzimba abophele igciwane futhi wasuswa kusuka emzimbeni. La masosha omzimba ahlale emzimbeni ukuphila, futhi kuvimbele ekuphindeni utheleleke futhi.

Izimpawu ezinganeni

Ngisho noma ingane asebengenwe igciwane, konke wokuqala, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, azikho izimpawu eziyisixwayiso lesi sifo. Kodwa ngosuku olulandelayo, izimpawu zokuqala mumps:

  • Ukwanda lokushisa lomzimba kuya 38-39 degrees.
  • A amakhala yisisu kancane, umphimbo obuhlungu.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zithathe kudidaniswe SARS. Kodwa ngemva ngelinye ilanga lapho mumps ukuvuvukala parotid salivary indlala endaweni, okokuqala ngesandla esisodwa bese ngakolunye uhlangothi siqala ukuba sikhukhumale. lonke Le nqubo kuhambisana ukuvuvukala nezindlala nomlomo owomile, nephunga ezingemnandi kusukela ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kanye soreness endaweni edema. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane kwakunzima futhi kubuhlungu ukuhlafuna ukudla, khuluma. Njengoba for mumps ukuphazamiseka ngamathe evamile futhi amathe alesi sinambuzane anezakhi elwa namagciwane, kungase kubangele izilonda mucosa we ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Uma isetshenziswa kanye izimpawu eyinhloko mumps abakhona nezimpawu ukuqunjelwa ezifana ukusinda, ukuvuvukala, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo, bese ungakwazi ukukhuluma izilonda pancreatic.

Uma wadalula ukuhlasela kwezinye izitho yezindlala, izimpawu mumps nzima lokhu okulandelayo:

  • Ngo amantombazane, kukhona ukuvuvukala ezikhiqiza amaqanda, okuyinto kuhambisana ubuhlungu esiswini, isicanucanu futhi umkhuhlane jikelele.
  • Boys amafomu eyinkimbinkimbi yama mumps zenzeka ukuvuvukala wamasende. Kubonakala ububomvu nokuvuvukala ku scrotum. Konke lokhu kuhambisana ngesisa.

Ingane ingaba agobhoze izimpawu kusulwe lesi sifo, ukuthi cishe kuwukwanda okuncane nje kwamazinga okushisa, kungekho ukuvuvukala uyalandelwa. Futhi izinga lokushisa Kunenkolelo ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Kuyinto ukuthi ingane mumps izimpawu. Le ndlela isifo singakabi engozini, kodwa umntwana kubhekwa esithathelwanayo futhi kungathelela ezinye izingane.

Izimpawu e abadala

Izimpawu oyinhloko sifo abadala iyafana nezingane, kodwa abadala, ingozi inkambo ngaphezulu eyinkimbinkimbi mumps ezikhathini eziningi ezingaphezulu. Izimpawu zokuqala mumps e abadala yilezi:

  • Chills.
  • Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
  • Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
  • Ikhala elivuzayo.
  • Ukukhwehlela nokuphatheka kabi emphinjeni.
  • Ukungakhululeki ezonini lapho indlala salivary.

Eceleni lezi zimpawu sengezwe edema esifundeni parotid, lo omdala ejwayelekile ukuvuvukala ngesikhathi esisodwa salivary nezindlala kusuka zombili. Isikhathi esining impela, mumps igciwane kuthinta nezindlala submandibular futhi sublingual. Ukuvuvukala obuhambisana naleyo umuntu kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-10, bese sehle. Lapho ukuhlafuna isiguli ukuba ubuhlungu, futhi indoda kunzima ukukhuluma. Ephusheni, isiguli ngeke ukwazi ukukhetha ukuma isikhathi eside ukulala njengoba ngohlangothi yayo iba ezingemnandi, yingakho umuntu esikhathini lesi sifo livela ukuqwasha. Amathe aphazamiseka kakhulu, kanjalo ubonakala xerostomia (nomlomo owomile) esesuthi Ukwedlula siyabhubha. Lesi sigaba okucindezelayo kungase kuhlale kuze kufinyelele ezinsukwini ezi-4, ekugcineni wafa phansi ekupheleni kwesonto. Abadala cishe awahlabi ngesimo izindawo obukhulu futhi abomvu umzimba wonke.

Njengoba mumps kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini?

Abantu abaningi bacabanga, ngaleyo ndlela futhi kunzima ukusungula uphethwe ezifana mumps?! Ngempela, zonke izimpawu ezisobala, lapho umuntu ifana empumulweni yengulube. Kodwa kuba akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuvuvukala nezindlala salivary ungase uhambisane nezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, i-ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe kungaba udokotela emva luhlolo lolwentiwa esikolweni isiguli. Ngaphezu ukuhlolwa ezibukwayo, isiguli udokotela ubuza imibuzo embalwa ezihlobene isimo sakhe sempilo kanye nezikhalo, kanye icacisa kungenzeka, isiguli esanda babexhumana mumps iziguli. Khona-ke udokotela ekunika ukuhlolwa laboratory. Ngokuvamile, umchamo ukuhlaziywa kulokhu akuyona ulwazi, kungaba kuphela ukubonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka likhona emzimbeni. Kakhulu indlela yanamuhla kwencazelo mumps immunofluorescence. It ikuvumela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okungukuthi, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, ukuthola imiphumela ezinokwethenjelwa. Futhi, indlela yokunquma khona amasosha mumps.

ukwelashwa mumps

Ngenxa yalokho, ukwelashwa iningi kule sifo hhayi kwenziwe, wonke amabutho ukusheshe kuphela ukuvala amathuba yezinkinga. Ngokuvamile, mumps esibhedlela isiguli singenakukwazi khona, ngaphandle uma kuthengiselana inikeza ubufakazi yebo nolaka lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli sibe zimpawu ezilandelayo kufanele ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense:

  • izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla.
  • Isicanucanu ne ukuhlanza.
  • Ngibanjwe.
  • Nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
  • Ukuba ndikindiki ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba.
  • Ukuzwa futhi ongaboni.
  • Ubuhlungu besisu.

Uma isiguli sine-sibi isifo ezifana mumps, ukwelashwa wenziwa ekhaya. Udokotela sinquma:

  1. Umbhede ukuphumula.
  2. Ukuphuza nangokuphuza uketshezi oluningi.
  3. Ukudla, okuyizinto khulula kusuka kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yokufakelwa futhi elimazayo. Futhi, ukudla kufanele lizwakale linemfudumalo, elithambile, ngaphandle abukhali futhi ethosiwe.
  4. Uhlambulule umlomo ngamanzi abilisiwe noma boric isixazululo acid.
  5. Antivirals, immunomodulators, immunostimulants, futhi antipyretics, uma kukhona lokushisa eqinile.
  6. Kuyinto uyelulekwa ukuze zisebenze endaweni evuvukele ekushiseni okuhangulayo.

Ngokuhamba okunzima mumps zidinga esibhedlela. Kuye ohlotsheni yezinkinga elandelayo ukwelashwa.

Lapho ukubusa, meningitis noma polyneuropathy yengezwe ngenhla kanye nokuqokwa kwezidakamizwa ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, libonisa esiqinile embhedeni ukuphumula. Linqume izidakamizwa ukuthi ngcono cerebral ukugeleza kwegazi. Ukuze ugweme ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kumele iqhutshwe glucocorticosteroid futhi ukwelashwa ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini. Futhi esimisiwe amavithamini E, PP-acid, C, B.

Lapho ukubusa, pancreatitis futhi yamisa esiqinile embhedeni ukuphumula kanye elincane 'nendlala isiteleka ", okuyinto izothatha izinsuku ezimbili. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli uzothola izakhi ngemithambo yegazi. Isiguli uzobe ubhaliswe olukhethekile lokudla, okuzokwenza ngakususi konke elimazayo. Lokho kudla kuyoba kudingeka banamathele ngonyaka, ukugwema ingozi yesifo sikashukela.

Endabeni orchitis ezifweni ezinjenge mumps, impatho Kwenziwa nokusetshenziswa corticosteroids.

yezinkinga kungenzeka

Ngokuvamile izifo ezifana mumps, wabe akayona ingozi ukuphila komuntu, kodwa kukhona izimo lapho lungaba eziyingozi. Bona bavele ababuthakathaka imisebenzi okuvikela umzimba. Cishe ingxenye yabo bonke amacala abafana abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-10 kuncike yezinkinga mumps njengoba orchitis (wamasende ukuvuvukala). Ukuze orchitis libhekene sebuhlungwini obunzima, futhi ububomvu ku scrotum, kuyanda lokushisa. esiyingozi nakakhulu isifo ngoba abafana phakathi nokuthomba. Uma orchitis iye ezinzima, kuzobangela yoma we amasende nokuvuselela inzalo. Ngokwezibalo, mayelana 30% eziguli ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi mumps orchitis abafana ahlale engenazithelo

Paramyxovirus ungaba zilimaze kwamanyikwe, okubangela pancreatitis. Enye inkinga njalo mumps meningitis kubhekwa ukuthi nge ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi has a Izibikezelo evumayo.

Ukuze uthole olunye yezinkinga ezingavamile zihlanganisa:

  1. Oophoritis (ukuvuvukala wesibeletho ebonwe amantombazane).
  2. Thyroiditis (yegilo ukungasebenzi).
  3. Ukunqotshwa kwe-nerve sokuzwa.
  4. I-Arthritis futhi polyarthritis.
  5. Myocarditis.
  6. Nephritis.

Kakhulu, kakhulu ezingavamile, kodwa zikwenza lokhu kwenzeka izimo sokufa. It uwela ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, futhi uvame elihlobene ne ukubusa igciwane yesibili, noma nge Yiqiniso ezinzima kakhulu isifo.

izinyathelo

Mumps isifo esithathelanayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma izimpawu zalesi sifo esiphuthumayo ukuhlukanisa esigulini phakathi kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile kule ndaba, njengoba nokuvimbela mumps yokugoma ithatha. Ngeshwa, isimo sengqondo saso omama abaningi ezweni lakithi ukuba babe zonke izinhlobo imigomo omubi. Zonke izingane zigonyelwa uvendle, rubella, mumps, kodwa kukhona izimo lapho ingane mama ubhala ukwenqaba yokugoma. Lokhu ingozi ezingadingekile! Yiqiniso, zonke izingane ukuphendula ayo ukuze umgomo. Mumps, Okwamanje, uyakwazi ukubangela umonakalo omkhulu nakakhulu empilweni kuka ngokugoma. Kungcono ngokushesha ukwethula lemali edingekile yomgomo isinyathelo ukuze uphephe kunokuzisola ukuzisola hhayi senifeze. lokugoma Esifike Ngesikhathi (isimungumungwane, mumps, rubella) ngu-98% kuzonciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Futhi lena izinga kahle eliphezulu.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile nje, umgomo i (isimungumungwane, mumps, rubella) inikezwe ngonyaka emva kokuzalwa. Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli lokugoma Leligama ngeke kwenziwe, ngoba umntwana ukuvikela amasosha omzimba kamama. Revaccination (isimungumungwane, rubella, mumps) wenziwa eminyakeni 6. Ngiqinisekile abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani sikhuluma rubella kanye nesimungumungwane?! Vaccine Mumps ngokuvamile luqukethe amasosha omzimba ngokumelene lezi zifo. Ngemva ukuxhumelela (rubella, isimungumungwana, mumps), ukusabela kungenzeka kanje: kuphakama cishe 5 usuku imfiva kanye nokwanda kancane nezindlala salivary. Lezi zimpawu izinsuku ezimbalwa, okwathi ngemva kwalokho amasosha omzimba ikhiqizwa.

Khumbula, uma ingane yakho yizifo ezifana mumps, nezinye nokubuyekezwa ngomgomo noma ukwelashwa kufanele Ungakhathazeki, wena kudingeka ukuba ngokushesha ukukhombisa ingane kudokotela. Lo mcimbi ukwehluleka sifo bangaya umumo kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ungakhohlwa ukusabela lokugoma ezifweni ezinjenge isimungumungwana ne-rubella, mumps. Izibuyekezo Yiqiniso, ingase yibe yinto exakayo, kodwa unesibopho impilo yengane yakho, ngakho isicelo izinyathelo zokuvimbela ziyadingeka.

wokugoma Mumps iqondiswa kuphela izingane ephelele abangenalo Izimo. Izizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi udokotela Ungakwazi ukukhansela umgomo zihlanganisa:

  • Umkhuhlane.
  • Kuze kube unyaka 1.
  • Hypersensitivity ukuze umgomo. Lapho ingane zigonyelwe izifo ezifana ne-rubella, isimungumungwana, mumps, omama imibiko mayelana wokugoma azizinhle, njengoba ingase ingane hypersensitivity samanje ukuba izingxenye umgomo, nezinyane lembuzi Ukudluliselwa kanzima ngokugoma.
  • ukuphathwa kwama-hormone.
  • Komdlavuza.
  • Ukukhulelwa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi kusengaphambili yonke kungenzeka contra-yizinkomba zokuthi ingane azange abe ukusabela okungekuhle ukuze umgomo.

Ukuthi isifo akusho ukusakaza, kubalulekile ukugcina izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuvimbela:

  1. Isiguli kumele njalo behlukene nabanye. Ngokuvamile e izinkulisa ingane egulayo wathumela ekhaya, futhi engadini ivaliwe sodwa amasonto 3. Uma kungekho nokuqubuka ezintsha ukutheleleka ngalesi sikhathi akazange kuphakama, izingane ungabuyela enkulisa ngokuphepha.
  2. Kuyadingeka ukuba afeze magciwane kwazo zonke izinto namathoyizi.
  3. Isiguli ezizungezile yakhe kufanele afake obunesembozo sezempilo.
  4. Ikamelo kufanele njalo umoya.

isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ingozi akuyona nje kwesifo ngokwaso, kanye nezinkinga zayo kungenzeka nemiphumela. Sethemba usunayo umbono walokho mumps nokuthi kuzibonakalisa. Yiqiniso, namuhla akusona ingulube ezinye inhlupho, sibonga lokugoma, kodwa namanje ngokuvamile kuphakama izimo ukutheleleka. Ukuze avikele yena avikele ingane yakhe, cishe u-100% amacala ukutheleleka kumele zigonywe. Kungcono ukukhetha wokugoma inhlanganisela okubandakanya i omzimba nezifo ezifana nesimungumungwana, rubella, mumps. Uzivikele kanjani wena nomndeni wakho!

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