Kuyini ukhonkolo geopolymer?

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ososayensi olwenziwa ukuhlolwa futhi ucwaningo, okuyinto uphenyo ingxube, ngokuhlanganisa izithako zemvelo futhi yokufakelwa. a Ngohlelo bavunyelwe ukuthola izinto nge ukusebenza high, kusukela izakhi Lokudabuka yokufakelwa enjalo ithuthukisa zonke izibalo lemisuka ukuthi imvelo aye wabanika wona. Izinto etholwe ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi esiyinhlanganisela noma polymeric. Omunye wabo - ukhonkolo geopolymer, okuyinto yakamuva imvelo nobungane ephephile yokwakha. Isiqalo esithi "geo" (ngesiGreki - "umhlaba") isiqinisekiso sokuthi izinto ezintsha iqukethe izithako zemvelo kuphela.

Innovative mix ukhonkolo akuyona into entsha - liye ezaziwayo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo: usakhiwa amaphiramidi eGibhithe ukusebenzisa efanayo yokwakha. Ngeshwa, iresiphi yayo ngqo usalokhu uyimfihlakalo umuntu wesimanje, kodwa lapho umuntu eba ubuchwepheshe bamuva, ososayensi bakwazi ukubuyisela eseduze Ukwakheka, amasu kanye uthole cishe analog esifanayo, geopolymer ukhonkolo okwakusezinhliziyweni ezikhathini zasendulo. Kodwa leli qiniso kuphela ukwakhiwa zomlando wanamuhla kusebenza kuphela ingxenye.

Incazelo ezintsha isixazululo

Omunye izakhiwo ezibalulekile kakhulu ezintsha mix ukhonkolo - setha namandla esiphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane ukuze qinisa ngokuphelele, okuyinto ayeyidinga kuphela ngesonto, kanti isixazululo lukaKhisimusi lesi sidingo eside ncamashi izikhathi 4.

Geopolymer ukhonkolo njengoba Portland usimende, ehlanganisa izingxenye eziningana, kodwa ukwakheka iyahluka kakhulu. Isixazululo entsha bahlanganisa ikakhulu umlotha futhi slag - ezincithakalweni kwimisebenzi ehlukile. Ngaphambili, imfucuza ezinjalo icutshungulwe ngokuphelele futhi zingcolisa indawo esizungezile kuphela. Yiqiniso, inkinga materials ezintsha ngeke ukuxazulula inkinga ngokushesha, kodwa umlotha futhi slag iyoba umthombo abalulekile of izinto zokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwabo.

Izinzuzo usebenzisa

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukhonkolo geopolymer - umkhiqizo onekusasa elikhulu: ngokungafani Portland kuqinise isetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-ukwakhiwa engasindi. Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke: ku teplosohranyayuschim yabo izici ukuhlanganisa okusha ukhonkolo uphakeme ngaphezu nezinye izinto zokwakha, ezisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushuba odongeni lokhu geopolymer cm 30 kuphela ukugcina ukushisa kanye isitini, kodwa ukushuba 1.25 m.

Ngakho, ngokufaka isicelo ukwakhiwa isixazululo innovative, ungagcina imali eningi:

1. Ungakwazi ukwakha izakhiwo kanye izinto ezimbalwa.
2. Ngenxa ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo zokwakha geopolymer ukunciphisa izindleko isikhala Ukushisa kuzo.

Izici Key

Ochwepheshe bezifo ukhonkolo geopolymer kuyinto yokwakha ikusasa ngoba ine ukusebenza izici kakhulu, njenge:

1. ukuncipha okuphansi.
2. amandla compressive okuphezulu.
3. Ukumelana acid.
4. permeability okuphansi. Lokhu kulinganisela kucishe kulingane okufanayo inkomba egwadle.
5. Ukumelana Excellent okushisa aphakeme - kuze kufinyelele + 1300 °. Ososayensi inhlolo-vo imizuzu 120 kwaba ephaneleni geopolymer eziphathekako Portland usimende okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. Ngemva kwalokho, umkhiqizo ingxube ezintsha abephule ngokuphelele, kuyilapho panel of Portland isiyenziwe imifantu futhi chips.

Kodwa isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke yesixazululo sisuke sicabanga ukuthi inike ubuncane amagesi abamba ukushisa.

Uma siqhathanisa isakhiwo se-material amasha wokwakha, kufana ukuthi zamatshe wemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela likwazi izakhiwo ephakeme kunaleyo izixazululo ezivamile. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ingalungiswa geopolymer ukhonkolo ngezandla zabo, njengoba akunzima. Kuyinto kudingekile kuphela ukuze balungiselele izakhi ezidingekayo.

I engavamile of the ukwakheka

Le mfundiso eyasungulwa ethi ulula, kanye izingxenye - etholakalayo: fly umlotha, amanzi, i-potassium hydroxide, amanzi ingilazi futhi slag. Isithako zokugcina kuyadingeka ukuze sithole amandla nokuqina kwayo. Kodwa yena eyedwa akakwazi ukuvikela umkhiqizo osuphelile kusukela imifantu ukuthi azinakugwenywa ngesikhathi ukuncipha. Lokhu kungabi sengxenyeni Ububi khona impukane umlotha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili izingxenye baqinise mix ukhonkolo, futhi kungaba ukumelana nanoma imaphi ezintweni ezingezinhle.

Kungani umlotha? Ngoba ngisho ngawodwana, le ngxenye has a izakhiwo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokomzimba nezobuchwepheshe, ngakho yethula lichaza ekwakheni kusiza ukuthuthukisa izici amandla umkhiqizo osuphelile (kufika egwadle ezingeni).

Futhi okuhloswe ukuthuthukisa amandla ngeziningi zezinto zokwakha kufakwe silicates aluminium. Bahileleké ne alikhali ekusabeleni, kuthiwa polymerized. Lokhu kukhipha dwala eliqinile. Kuyinto lokhu izingxenye ukuphendula anikeza ugqozi ukuvela elinye igama impahla - ibizwa ngokuthi shlakoshchelochnyh ingxube kakhonkolo.

Ukuqalisa

, Udinga ukulungiselela ngaphambi uqalise:

1. Umthamo.
2. Amathuluzi.
3. Nezingubo.
4. Ngomshini.
5. Amaphuzu.
6. Amagilavu.
7. Izikali ukuqapha Ingxenye.
8. Shuttering noma yakha, okuzokwenza waphonsa isixazululo ngomumo.

An sici esibalulekile: ukuze ikhathaze udinga ukuthatha isiphanga elinama ukuthi ingeke iphendule nge alkalis. Kungaba ithuluzi best ngokhuni.

Okubalulekile: izingxenye ukuxuba sikhiphe ukushisa, ngakho kuhlangana kumelwe athathe isitsha ukumelana okushisa aphakeme. Uma ufuna isixazululo ngomumo ngokushesha eba yiqhwa, ungacaba electrolyte ku formwork. Kulokhu, kufanele futhi uzilungiselele kusenesikhathi.

iresiphi

Yezandla, zanquma ukuthatha ukhonkolo geopolymer ngezandla zabo, zinesithakazelo ngokuyinhloko ukwakheka ngqo ingxube. Esikhathini web akukho iresiphi ngomumo, ngoba abakhiqizi uyigcine imfihlo, futhi ososayensi beqhubeka belwela ekuthuthukiseni zokwakha ezintsha. Ungathola bakholelwa izinto ezihlukahlukene ngokuqondene iresiphi, kodwa ekuqaleni ehlongozwayo ngu isakhiwo esiyisisekelo cishe alishintshanga.

Ukusilandela, womshini 1,0 l geopolymer isixazululo ukulungiselela:

• 550 g ezindizayo umlotha futhi slag okuningi;
• amanzi 110 g;
• 240 g amanzi ingilazi;
• 180 g 45% Koh.

Zonke izingxenye ezisendalini, futhi ungakwazi ukuzithola ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Yiqiniso, intengo etholwe umkhiqizo ekupheleni kuyoba ephakeme kunaleyo analogue ezejwayelekile Portland usimende, kodwa amandla abo uphakeme ngaphezu izakhi kakhonkolo.

Ubuchwepheshe ukulungiselela

Uma une zonke izakhi ezidingekayo kanye namathuluzi, futhi ongazilungiselela geopolymer ukhonkolo. Ubuchwepheshe ilula ngokwanele, kodwa nje kudingeka ngokuqinile ukuhambisana nayo yonke izincomo:

1. Egumbini lapho umsebenzi wenziwa, kufanele kube nomswakama ongaphakeme ukuba potassium hydroxide akuyona "wahamba". Ngenxa yalokhu isici hydroxide ngokuvamile decompressed ngaphambi nje kokuba ayifake isixazululo.
2. Koh lunamandla impahla ngokwanele, ngakho ukusebenza nabo kuyadingeka, usebenzisa zokuzivikela imishini - amagilavu futhi amagogolo.
3. ingilazi Liquid Uphinde abhekwe non-hygroscopic nabanolaka - naye ukuze abe ngaphansi baqaphe.
4. Zonke umsebenzi nomkhombe kumele kwenziwe ngokushesha.

Uma usebenzisa i-semende, uzosebenza ukulandelana elandelayo:

1. Uthele amanzi. Sebenzisa ketshezi abandayo akukwazi - ke kufanele lizwakale linemfudumalo.
2. Ukuncela slag nomlotha.
3. Uma konke kuhamba kahle exubile, engeza polymers.
4. Hlanganisa bese uyazama futhi uze isixazululo iyunifomu.
5. Thela inhlanganisela ku isikhunta.

An sici esibalulekile: fly ash kuyinto into nge idumela sasivumela ezingabazisayo kwemvelo, kodwa sibonga ukusebenzisa kwayo mix ukhonkolo iba namandla enkulu, okuyinto egcina isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngakho uma kubalulekile ukuthola impahla, eliqinile, ungasebenzisa umlotha, kodwa uma ebalulekile emvelweni, umlotha kungathatha kancane, futhi ingxenye yayo esikhundleni usimende.

udini

Ukuze wenze imininingwane usayizi oyifunayo wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, ungasebenzisa bezinhlamvu efanayo ukuthi abavamile Portland usimende. Bona ayacelwa ukuhlanza futhi gcoba qeda noma yimuphi omunye (ngisho yemifino) uwoyela. Ngemva kwalokho ukukhwezwa armature (uma kudingeka), bese kuphela ifomu ligcwele nosimende ukhonkolo. Uma ugcwalisa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asihlali ngaphakathi imigodi, ngenxa okuyinto we geopolymer setshe ukhonkolo lungaqhekeza esikhathini esizayo.

Kakade olulodwa yokuzigxilisa preform: ifilimu kwakhiwa phezu yalo. khona kwakhe kuzokhulisa nokuqina izinto, futhi bangakwazi ukumelana imithwalo ephakeme.

ongakhetha isixazululo

Kubalandeli of ucwaningo, le nto kuyinto insimu ebanzi ukwethulwa iyiphi zadumok: akhiqize ingxube ukhonkolo ingasetshenziswa iyiphi izinto eziphilayo. Ngakho, izingxenye astringent zingakhiqiza resin ungaphumi lapho ifakwa emanzini. Enye - esetshenziswa esikhundleni PVA resin, ke emulsifier kuyinto polyvinyl utshwala, eyabika esikhathini ngezithako zawo.

Ezinye ukusetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni ukhuni oqoshiwe. It is ofakwe amanzi futhi ziphathwe ukwelashwa i-ozone, kulandele laying mixer ukuxhumana nezinye izingxenye, ukuthola ngenxa ukhonkolo geopolymer. Indlela yokwenza ukuze ikhambi okuholela by ekuzuzeni ukuma efiselekayo, wabelapha ngokushesha? Ngenxa yale njongo, it is batheleka formwork ne electrode lapho imizuzu ke ngaphakathi 60 ukuchayeka kagesi. Futhi ugesi ingathathwa ngokuqondile inethiwekhi, sidlula Converter. Uma isinqamu kusetshenzwe uye lukhuni, le formwork esuswa kuwo futhi akhiwe elandelayo isici.

Ukuthola premixed

Akuwona wonke umsebenzisi noma master ufana experiment - abantu abaningi ukungatholi ukwenza ukhonkolo kwesakhiwo, futhi ukuthenga ngomumo eyenziwe, ikakhulukazi njengoba kungekho inkinga yokungatholi Ukwakheka asivelanga: eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-4 eRussia ayatholakala geopolymer ukhonkolo ngesisekelo izinto zobumba PT. Abakhiqizi zinikeza amagama emikhiqizo ehlukahlukene edayiswa, ukubaluleka zazo kuncike inani izingxenye kanye isilinganiso sazo kula manzi. Ukuthengwa izinto zokwakha kungaba ngesimo Izingxube ezomile lapho kungekho hardener.

On ukudayiswa kuyinto izingoma ngomumo eyenziwe, futhi ukukhiqiza Russian angaphandle. ukungaboni ngaso linye kwabo - izindleko nesivinini solidification.

Kuyathakazelisa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ezilandelayo Russia:

1. "Stone Imbali".
2. "Sebryakovcement".
3. "Eurocement Group".

Amafemu angaphandle kukhona izinto ezithandwayo yalezi zinkampani:

1. German Heidelberger Usimende.
2. GRUPOSUBDI Spanish.
3. French Lafarge.

Izinzuzo izinto eqeda

Namuhla, ungakwazi ukuthenga izikhala ngomumo eyenziwe ukhonkolo lemikhiqizo ezahlukene. Zenziwa ne nemingcele ezilandelayo:

1. Sokuvikela - sha W-W 2 12.
2. Frost - sha kusuka 50 F 300 F.
3. Ukuvikeleka - uphawu M 50 ukuze M 500.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Izingxube esiphelele - ukuze kube lula ekusingatheni - ivolumu izingxenye uhlobo yamathebhu ngamunye ingahluka kuye oyifunayo umphumela. Geopolymer usimende ukhonkolo kufakwe, kodwa ngokuvamile sithathelwe indawo impukane umlotha. senani ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane isamba izingxenye itshe ochotshoziwe, isihlabathi usimende.