Kwabantu emoyeni

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi iyona kwabantu emoyeni, futhi yini ukubaluleka lesi sibalo ngokuvamile ebukhoneni konke okukhona emhlabeni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, nsuku zonke sibona flying izindiza, lama inyoni, fly up eziphonsa phansi izinto futhi akuvezi phezu yokuthi kuba ipharamitha emoyeni ukuminyana inquma khona kulezi zinkanyezi.

Ngokuvamile, amaholide kokuchitha ezindaweni ezahlukene, sithi ngesinye isikhathi kwaba emoyeni manzi, kanti kwesinye - ezomile. Kulokhu, unezela ukuthi esimweni sokuqala, wena kalula ukuhambisa, ukuphefumula lesibili uke wabhekana kobukhulu ezinyakazayo, ukungakhululeki, elalingelona ukuzwa uma uhlale endaweni evamile zezulu ngawe. Ngalesi sikhathi, size sikhohlwe izinto satshelwa omunye uthisha efundisa esikoleni ezifundweni zesayensi yemvelo - emoyeni ezinomswakama lunesibalo esingaphansi emoyeni esomile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isisindo salo sikhulu esingaphansi wawusomile.

Lapho uqala nje ukubona, kubonakala nakuba uma siyiqaphele okuvelayo sethu sezinzwa okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla. Kodwa ngempela, njengoba emoyeni, lapho amanzi amaningi wanezela ngesimo umusi, kungase alula kakhulu kunomoya amanzi ayiqukethe?

Kodwa lokhu ngempela kunjalo, futhi impendulo yalo, nakuba at efika kuqala, umbuzo, ososayensi isikhathi eside.

Ngokokuqala ngqá umbono wokuthi kwabantu umoya onomswakama lingaphansi kunalokhu ukuthi umoya ezomile, wezwakalisa omkhulu Isaak Nyuton encwadini "yokukhanya" yakhe edumile, esanyatheliswa eLondon ngo 1717. Noma kunjalo, omkhulu eyiNgisi hypothesis wayengakwazi aphumelele - kuze ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, ososayensi musa nje ukuyamukela, kodwa futhi ungazizwa unesithakazelo esikhethekile kulo magazini.

Ukuze ngandlela-thile zokusondelana ukuqonda inkinga - kungani kwabantu emoyeni incike nomswakama - kufanele ukukhumbula imithetho embalwa esingokwemvelo, esaziwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule Amedeo Avogadro physics esidumile Italy wathola ukuthi kungakhathaliseki uhlobo igesi, uma ukuthatha umthamo nquma ngalesosikhathi ngesikhathi lokushisa elifanayo futhi ingcindezi esifanayo, inani molecule e-gas kuyoba njalo. Lokhu value, futhi kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi Avogadro njalo, njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo, futhi wathola umthetho amagesi.

Njengoba lo mthetho kubonakala njengoba kwabantu emoyeni incike lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nomswakama angaqinisekiswa isibonelo kunalokho elula.

Ngokuvamile, ezomile ohlanzekile (ngomqondo chemical) emoyeni, iqukethe e ngezithako zawo-78% yezinhlayiya nitrogen, isisindo athomu ngamunye la mangqamuzana kuyinto 28. Ukwakheka emoyeni uye-21% ephethwe izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo, i-atomic weight Amangqamuzana angokwemvelo zazo uyalingana 32 . amaphesenti Omunye njengengxenye emoyeni ewela ezinye amagesi abakhona kulo, kodwa izibalo zethu, lesi sibalo kuzoxoxwa abangelutho.

Negesi molecule zaziwa ukuba impahla khulula wahlukana kwesigubhu, lapho gas. Ngakho, Avogadro esungulwe mithetho elandelayo: uma umthamo wethu igesi ezomile equkethe, njengoba savumelana, amangqamuzana of nitrogen ne-oxygen, ukwengeza i-molecule yamanzi-ke bayowenza emoyeni yethu incane obukhulu. Isizathu sisobala - amangqamuzana amanzi une-atomic weight ezincane kuno ukuthi nitrogen yamangqamuzana ne-hydrogen, kuba elilingana 18. Njengoba isibalo molecule emqulwini kunikezwa igesi ukuba njalo, lo -molecule yamanzi amane awasunduzela molecule nitrogen ne-oxygen lichaza ekwakheni umoya, esikhundleni zabo. Ngakho lapha indlela kanye ukuminyana iba emoyeni kancane ezinomswakama kuka ezomile.

Nokho, Kulesi sibonelo, kukhona ukuphikisana. Siqukethe eqinisweni lokuthi yimuphi umuntu isilinganiso ukukhala, kanjani lokhu kungaba uma kwabantu amanzi ephakeme ukuminyana emoyeni. Impendulo ilula kakhulu: amanzi akhona emoyeni ngesimo umusi, yikuphi okulula futhi nitrogen ne-oxygen, kanye ngoba "amanzi" ezinjalo kwanda amaphethini etholakala brilliant Avogadro.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi kuncike kakhulu kwabantu emoyeni by ingcindezi kanye lokushisa kuka nomswakama. Ngoba umoya onomswakama lunesibalo ngaphansana ezomile kuphela ngenkathi sigcina izinga lokushisa elifanayo futhi ingcindezi.