Lev Kuleshov: Biography nesithombe

Lesi sihloko sichaza biography kanye umsebenzi Lev Kuleshov. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, wakwazi ukuthola screenwriter, uthisha, udokotela e Art Umlando Umculi Yabantu zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena wadlala indima ebalulekile ekutadisheni ngokucacile yokuthwebula ibhayisikobho nokuhlela yobuciko.

idatha eyisisekelo

Lev Kuleshov waphila ukuphila egqamile futhi ezimibalabala, egcwele izenzakalo. Ngokuphindaphindiwe ezikhishwe izincwadi kwakhe, okungcono ngaziwe phakathi kwabo ithole "Cinema Art" nesithi "Indlela Ngaba umqondisi," kanye ezihlokweni eziningi ephephabhukwini "Bulletin e namabhayisikobho", injongo eyinhloko okuyinto kwakufanele adlulisele abafundi isipiliyoni lakhe kwezobuciko.

Ezinkondlweni zakhe, Kuleshov kwaba nombono wokuthi umlingisi nezindawo bayalingana, futhi ezimweni eziningi, le yokugcina zidlala indima okukhulu nakakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-sibalo ezinkulu enqubeni yokudala muvi ngisho umqondisi nomculi. Yingakho uma umqondisi akanawo amakhono ngokwanele kwezobuciko, awusoze ukwazi ukudala amathuba emisebenzi.

Njengoba isibonelo, Leo ikhombe okwenzeka lapho ama-white hairpin kwekhanda ku maid spoilt wonke umbono abadlali ukudlala lokudlalela sizungezwe indawo ye black velvet. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ifilimu ngokuyinhloko ezibukwayo, yaseshashalazini, ngakho-ke kuba umculi-umqondisi kumele badlale indima enkulu ekwenzeni ifilimu.

Ukufunda

Njengoyise wakhe, owashona ngo-1911, Leo ngokushesha wazizwa ukuqalekela enhle futhi waba nesithakazelo ezobuciko, kodwa ukuqhubeka nesifundo yayo esekuficile Lev Kuleshov ubengase emveni kokuzala kwakhe ngo-1914, yena, nonina nomfowabo bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile eMoscow. Lapho, ngemva kokuvakasha wasiphinda studio art, wanquma ukufunda ukudweba kanye abaculi omkhulu, futhi iqala ukuthatha izifundo kusukela kumculi-uthisha I. F. Smirnova. Phakathi ukuqeqeshwa wakwazi hhayi kuphela ekugxiliseni uthando Leo umdwebo we-classic, kodwa futhi ukufunda ukuhlukanisa umsebenzi ezivelele amateur. Kwaba ngesiphakamiso uthisha Kuleshov nokufunda incwadi yakhe yokuqala orientation zezombusazwe, njengokuthi "Capital" noKarla Marksa futhi Lenin nemibhalo Plekhanov sika.

Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa ngabanye, wangena abadumile eMoscow School of Painting, lapho ngaphambili abaqeqeshiwe uyise hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi imbongi edumile uVladimir Mayakovsky, owaqeda ke kancane ekuqaleni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi naye ngesikhathi Kuleshov kamuva kwakhiwa ubungane obuqinile.

umndeni

Akekho umuntu umndeni ukuthi ngingazithola kanjani indoda evelele kuyoba Lev Kuleshov, ukuphila kwakhe siqu wagcwala mass izenzakalo. Wazalwa ngo-January 1st (isitayela ubudala) 1899 e Tambov. Uyise, uVladimir Sergeyevich, babevela umkhaya ompofu zasebukhosini. Ngesinye isikhathi, bangamlaleli abazali, uVladimir kuziwa ekutadisheni ezobuciko esikoleni esifanayo eMoscow, ezoqhubeka ufunde futhi indodana yakhe Leo.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu,, ngeshwa, akazange akwazi ukuqala umsebenzi emkhakheni umdwebo bese wahamba uwayosebenzela ngaphezu isikhundla sibonise ukuthobeka endleleni Tambov remingtonista umkhandlu yasemhlabeni. Eqinisweni, yena kuhlangene izikhundla ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi lalibonisa umabhalane futhi oloba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isifiso ngobuciko bamyisa ngiqale nge-spare time isithombe sakho ngesandla udonseleka. Umama Lion Pelagia Alexandrovna egqoka isibongo sasekhaya Shubin. ebuntwaneni wachitha endaweni yezintandane, ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-okuyinto isesikhathini umshado wasebenza edolobhaneni njengoba uthisha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi portrait wakhe wenza ngesikhathi uyise, namanje elenga efulethini Lev Kuleshov. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Kuleshov kwaba amadala umzalwane Boris, owafa ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

abanothando yaseshashalazini

Njengabantu abaningi yokudala, Lev Kuleshov akaphunyuki ugqozi for yaseshashalazini.

Ngisho njengoba umfundi umdwebi-uthisha I. F. Smirnova, wakwazi ukusebenza ukudalwa kwenkundla elilodwa izenzo play "Eugene Onegin" ngoba ethiyetha Zimin, kodwa umsebenzi ezimele yaseshashalazini Kuleshov, akwaziwa ngesikhathi emibuthanweni kwezobuciko, ngakho akekho abamenyiwe. Yingakho, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yakhe, iphupho umsebenzi waseshashalazini futhi kuhlulekile imizimba.

umsebenzi Early

Kuleshov Lev Vladimirovich kulo kuqala enenkolelo yokuthi kinodeyatelnostyu ngo-1916, lapho wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi njengoba komdwebi zokuhlobisa ifilimu studio A. Khanzhonkov. Hhayi indima sokugcina eyadlalwa ukusekelwa unina womunye esikoleni, ngubani wasungula filmmaker Leo A. Gromov, osevele wamsiza ukuba studio ifilimu. Lapha kulapho ithalenta le nsizwa yakwazi phaka force egcwele. Ngaphansi kobuholi umqondisi Evgeniya Bauera, ayehlangana nabo emsebenzini, Leo ngokushesha uyaqonda izisekelo umsebenzi omusha. Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe ngokuphila Kuleshov uphawula ukuthi umsebenzi nge Bauer kwaba ngokuphongoza ukusebenza nabanye abaqondisi, njengoba lokusungula unfettered ka Leo, ukuvumela intsha ukuba embule ngokugcwele ngamakhono abo.

Esikhathini esizayo, ukusebenza ukusebenza omunye wabaqondisi ngendlela Kuleshov buye baba uhlamvu wesilisa ngaphezulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayengenzanga ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-18 kuphela ubudala, kakade kancane kancane waqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqala ukuthuthukisa isitayela sakho uma wenza izwe movie.

I impumelelo lokuqala

Nakuba kunezinkolo imibono yazo emkhakheni ushutha i-movie, Lev Kuleshov, ogama amafilimu Uzoqhubeka ethandwa kakhulu, wahlala ngokuyinhloko ongudokotela. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe, uyakhohlwa ndawonye wezithombe ezinyakazayo kuqondiswe yi V Polonsky, ngokuthi "Love Song Nedopetaya". Nokho, ngeshwa, ifilimu we ifilimu ayizange ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Ngo-1918, ubeka movie sakhe siqu ngokuthi "Project engineer Prayta". Ngeshwa, lokhu umsebenzi wahlala izindima, kodwa credits igama Kuleshov eshiwo kabili: kokubili njengoba umqondisi futhi njengoba umculi. Uzama ukubonisa abantu evamile eqinile nenempilo abahlala emhlabeni wangempela, ngakho iningi isinyathelo movie yathathwa ezimbonini, zezitimela kanye nezikhungo zemfundo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ifilimu waphuma, yena uthola umsebenzi Kuleshov kinofotootdele Narcompros yinhloko ingxenye ifilimu kuhlela bunjalo bembhalo kanye kanyekanye umqondisi newsreels.

I amafilimu edume kakhulu

I izigigaba ezenzeka kwezombusazwe e 1918-1920, wathola reflection yangempela imidwebo, okuyinto wathwebula Lev Kuleshov. Filmography lakhe olunzulu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke amazwibela ezindaba opholile:

• "Ukuvulwa kwe-izinsalela Sergiya Radonezhskogo".
• "Ukubuyekeza of the Central Executive Committee esifundazweni Tver."
• "Ural".
• "OwokuQala Zonke-Russian umsebenzi ngosuku."

Phakathi ukuqopha movie "On the Red Front" futhi "The Adventures Olumangalisayo uMnu West Ezweni amaBolshevik," Kuleshov, abase iqinisekise ngempumelelo ngokwaso njengoba umqondisi, uphatha ukudala kinomasterskuyu ayo, bhala izihloko eziningana futhi ethola umsebenzi wokuba uthisha e isimo ifilimu esikoleni.

udumisa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Lev Kuleshov wathwebula eziningi amabhayisikobho akhe siqu, yakhe yangempela zokudala Take-off kwenzeka ekupheleni kwenkonzo yakhe directorial:

• 1933 - "The Great Consoler."
• 1942 - "The Izifungo ka Timur" simo ngoba A. P. Gaydara.
• 1943 - "SingabakwaHarana Urals."

Ngo-1941, umsebenzi enkulu Kuleshov ngokuthi "Basics of Film uqondisa" esanyatheliswa, okuyinto lahunyushelwa ezilimini abaningi bezinye izizwe kanye kwakufanele nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni inqubo cinematic.

Ngemva kwalokho, Leo enquma azinikele nokufundisa kileso VGIK, ukuze bakwazi ukufundisa ubuciko abaqondisi abasha ukwenza amabhayisikobho.

Kuleshov umphumela

Uma umuntu angaba nalo kunomthelela oqonde ngqo inqubo ifilimu sokudubula, ngakho-ke Lev Kuleshov, ukufakwa lapho ngokokuqala ngqa avunyelwe ukuxhumana izingcezwana eceleni wathumba nomunye ngokuhlanganyela bomuntu kusolwa ukuzwa futhi siziqonde imizwelo ezahlukene. lo mqondo ibizwa ngokuthi "Kuleshov Effect" emhlabeni cinematic.

Kamuva kuveza nomphumela sasihlanganisa yokuthi eziningi umsindo esikhulu iso, futhi yena, kuyinto polyphonic futhi kuncike umbala ngezindlela ezahlukene uzwakalise okuqukethwe kwabo.

isiphetho

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, Kuleshov litholé inani imiklomelo letihloniphekile, isikhundla kanye degree zesayensi:

• Doctor of Arts.
• Umculi Yabantu we RSFSR.
• UNongorwana Lenin.
• Order of Red Banner Wezabasebenzi.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe Lev Kuleshov uthanda ukuchitha nomkakhe Aleksandroy Hohlovoy. Washona ngo-March 29, 1970, wembelwa emathuneni Novodevichy (1 site, irowu 14).