Limited ukushelela umehluko: ukuthi isebenza kanjani?

Igama elithi "Umehluko Ilokhi" noma "esinomkhawulo ukushelela umehluko" (samoblok), asizwe abashayeli eziningi, kodwa indlela inqubo libukeka practice, kuphela azi ambalwa. Futhi uma ngaphambi onjalo "okukhethwa kukho" automakers baye wahlomisa ikakhulukazi SUV, manje zingatholakala futhi kuba imoto edolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile abanikazi izimoto hhayi ifakwe samoblokami, ngoba siqaphela izinzuzo bekhulisa, ukufaka ngokwakho.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sihambe ukubhekana ngemisebenzi eyenziwa elinganiselwe ukushelela umehluko, kubalulekile ukuqonda isebenta njani ngaphandle ekuvimbeni.

Uyini umehluko

Ukwahlukaniswa (diff) Kungashiwo kufanele ibhekwa njengenye yezinto izici eyinhloko umklamo imoto drivetrain. Ngalo, kukhona ukudluliswa, ushintsho futhi ukusatshalaliswa injini torque engu ngokukhishwa phakathi pair of abathengi: amasondo isendaweni eyodwa ahlangene umshini noma phakathi ama-ekseli amasondo ayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho amandla basakaza energy flow zingahluka uma kudingeka, futhi kungakho ijubane amasondo - ezahlukene.

I ukuhamba imoto umehluko lingasethwa: zezindlu ezingemuva oluvala amasondo, CAT futhi esimweni ukudluliswa, kuye ngokuthi idivayisi drive (s).

Labo diffs, zazo ogibele e kwebhuloho noma PPC, ngokuthi interwheel, futhi esemgwaqweni phakathi eksisi umshini, ngokulandelana - ACD.

injongo umehluko

Njengoba kwaziwa kahle imoto ngenkathi ushayela wenza ahlukahlukene aqondisa: ematfuba kabusha, kuyomfica, njll Futhi, komzila womgwaqo ingaqukatha semfene, okusho ukuthi amasondo imoto kuye ngokuthi isimo, ngesinye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo can .. ukudlula amabanga ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma cornering, uma ijubane amasondo phezu oluvala amasondo kuyoba okufanayo, omunye wabo nakanjani lushelele, okuholela bafake yashesha we amathayi. Kodwa lokhu akulona babi. zimbi kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi le moto ancipha kakhulu handling.

Lokho ukuba baxazulule izinkinga ezinjalo bese beveza umehluko - indlela ezokwenza usabalalise amandla ivela injini, phakathi ama-ekseli amasondo imoto ngokuhambisana ukubaluleka ukumelana ugingqe: ezincane kangaka, okukhulu ijubane isondo, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

I umehluko

Namuhla, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi diff, futhi idivayisi kunalokho xaka. Nokho, isimiso sokuthi umsebenzi ofanayo wonkana, ngakho-ke ngeke kube lula ukuqonda ukucabangela uhlobo elula - i umehluko evulekile, esakhiwa izinto ezilandelayo:

1. Gears ogibele kushaft oluvala amasondo.
2. Beqhutshwa (tikhatsi tetifundvo) igiya, zakhiwa njengendawo Isigaxa ufushanisiwe.
3. Pinion eqondiswa ekupheleni idrayivu shaft, okuyinto kanye indandatho yakha ukudluliswa main. Kusukela igiya enophephela umthofu ezinkulu, lona wamuva kuyodingeka wenze ematfuba ambalwa emhlabeni axis awo phambi mqhele wenziwe eyodwa nje. Ngakho-ke, lezi isici ezimbili umehluko kunciphisa ubungako bamandla (isivinini), eyagcina sifinyelela amasondo.
4. Satellites, okuyisisekelo iplanethi igiya indlela odlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni umehluko adingekayo ijubane isondo.
5. Ezezindlu.

Kanjani umehluko

Phakathi ngqo ukushayela semi-eksisi yakhe, okusho ukuthi amasondo azungeze ngejubane efanayo idrayivu kushaft ngentambo igiya yayo Helical. Kodwa ngenkathi turning a umthwalo isondo iba ezahlukene (omunye wabo uzama ngesivinini), futhi ngenxa yalokhu umehluko iziphuphutheki ekhululiwe. Manje, amandla injini sidlula kubo, kanye pair of iziphuphutheki - ezimbili ezihlukene, igiya ezimele, bese adluliselwa semiaxes ezahlukene ijubane elikhulu. Ngakho, amandla eyenziwe injini isakazwa phakathi kwamasondo ayingilizayo, kodwa Ukuboshelwa, futhi kuye umthwalo ukuyanelisa: yini eshukumisa ku engaba yangaphandle, nakho kancane ukumelana elendlalekile, ngakho umehluko okuhambisa kuye amandla, ukwenza insonto ngokushesha.

Umehluko ukuthi cross-oluvala amasondo kanye umehluko phakathi oluvala amasondo, kukhona: isimiso wokusebenza iyafana, kuphela esimweni sokuqala, ukusatshalaliswa torque siqondiswe eksisi imoto, kanti eyesibili - ukuze nje kwamasondo ayo phezu oluvala amasondo efanayo.

Isidingo umehluko interaxle iba kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi ukunyakaza umshini ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu lapho isisindo sayo ngazo phezu oluvala amasondo, okuyinto aphansi kunamanye, isibonelo, liye phezulu noma phansi.

inkinga umehluko

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umehluko uzoyidlala indima enkulu ekuklanyweni imoto, umsebenzi wakhe kwesinye isikhathi kudala izinkinga ngoba umshayeli. Okungukuthi, lapho elinye isondo ivuliwe isigaba ezishelelayo komgwaqo (ukungcola, iqhwa noma iqhwa), omunye itholakala kwi phansi kanzima, iqala ukuzwa i umthwalo anda, diff uzama ukulungisa lokhu, injini uyisa amandla e isondo ezihambayo. Ngakho, kubonakala sengathi kuba ukujikeleza esiphezulu, kuyilapho ezinye, kokuba alibambe phansi, nje uhlala umile.

Ilokhi Yilokho ikhambi zalezi zinkinga yasungulwa (vimbela) umehluko.

Ukuvimba isimiso nezinhlobo zayo

Qonda izimiso umehluko, singaphetha ngokuthi uma uvimbela it, kuzokhuphula torque ku isondo noma oluvala amasondo ukuthi ine ukubamba kangcono. Lokhu kungenziwa uma uhlanganisa ngayo emzimbeni Omunye walabo ababili semi izimbazo, noma ayeke ukujikeleza satellite.

Ukhiye kungaba ephelele - njengengxenye umehluko axhunyiwe isandla. Kuvamise eyenziwa esebenzisa bamba inja futhi ilawulwa umshayeli ngokusebenzisa actuator ekhethekile kusukela ngaphambili emotweni. Noma kungenzeka ngokwengxenye, kuleso simo amasondo idluliselwa kuphela umzamo ezinqunyelwe - ngakho inohlelo umehluko esinomkhawulo ukushelela, okuyinto ukuzibandakanya womuntu liyadingeka.

Kanjani umehluko esinomkhawulo ukushelela

Self-uvala umehluko, ngokuyisisekelo simele ebucayini phakathi block inani khulula Diffie futhi kunciphisa ukushelela amasondo umshini uma kwenzeka umehluko phakathi nabo Coefficient kokubonisa emhlabathini. Ngakho, kakhulu ngcono throughput, off-road handling, nokusheshisa othakazelisayo imoto, ngaphandle kokubheka izinga komgwaqo.

Samoblok akufaki umnyuziki isondo Ilokhi evikela nengxenye yomugqa imithwalo ezibucayi ukuthi kungavuka nomehluko nge ukuvala shaqa ophoqelelwe.

Khiya semi-ngokuzenzakalelayo kabusha uma ezinyakazayo rectilinear ijubane isondo kuqondiswa.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu samoblokov

Disc samoblok - isethi friction (bezihlikihla) amadiski ukukhwezwa phakathi kwezindlu Diffie futhi ohlangothini amagiya.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye umehluko iyunithi, kulula: njengoba umshini luhamba emgceni locondzile, le Diffie izindlu kanye semiaxes ezimbili ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa ndawonye ngokushesha njengoba kunomehluko ujikeleza ngesivinini (isondo waqhubeka ingxenye ezishelelayo) phakathi amadiski ngomshikisho kwenzeka, yawanciphisa. Okungukuthi, isondo ezisele phansi kanzima, uzoqhubeka ukushintshanisa futhi ngeke ayeke, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-umehluko khulula.

elihlangana viscous, noma elihlangana ngenye viscous, kanye diff odlule iqukethe ezimbili disc isethi khona, kulokhu sase perforated ayimisa phakathi ngokwawo igebe encane. Omunye amadiski has a bamba nge izindlu, enye - ne drive kushaft.

I akwazi ukugcina ezibekwe esitsheni egcwele abicah uketshezi, okwakusho Ukujikeleza iyunifomu yalo uhlala ingashintshiwe. Uma inter-iphakethe livela umehluko isivinini, uketshezi uqala ukushwaqa ngokushesha futhi ngokuqinile. Phakathi evele perforated kuphakama ukumelana. ngaleyo ndlela iphakethe kakhulu untwist braked futhi ijubane ukujikeleza siqondile.

A igiya (Helical, isibungu) samoblok. Umsebenzi wakhe kusekelwe ikhono riving impethu ngababili kanjalo ukuvimba nengxenye yomugqa uma kwenzeka kubo umehluko torque engu.

Cam samoblok. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-umehluko uhlobo ukwethula umehluko ngokwanele evulekile, lapho esikhundleni sohlelo kwamaplanethi igiya indlela ukukhwezwa amagiya (cam) umbhangqwana. I Cams kuthiwa ijikelezwe (jump) lapho ngesivinini isondo cishe ezifanayo futhi isandla PUK (elalibambeke) ngokushesha, njengoba abanye kubo iqala agxumele.

Umehluko ukuthi lock isikhungo umehluko kanye cross-oluvala amasondo, akukho - operation kuyafana, ezingafani kuphela amaphuzu yokugcina esimweni sokuqala - amabhuloho amabili, okwesibili - namasondo amabili ogibele eksisi efanayo.

Patriotic "Niva" futhi nomehluko yayo

In the line ezifuywayo Vaz "Niva" akaconsi: Ngokungafani "izihlobo" zabo phezu ibhande elihambayo, lo mshini ifakwe ezine-wheel drive hhayi ucishiwe.

Esikhathini Suv ukudluliswa vazovskaya emithathu umehluko: cross-oluvala amasondo - e kwebhuloho ngamunye, futhi interaxle - e razdatke. Naphezu eziningi kangaka, ukuze baqonde futhi ukuthi lisebenze kanjani nomehluko kwi "Cornfield", akudingekile. Zonke ngendlela efanayo njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Lokho, ngenkathi ukunyakaza komugqa oqondile we umshini, ngokungabi bikho probuksovok ngamasondo, traction phakathi ngokulinganayo basakaza futhi inenani elifanayo. Lapho abanye amasondo iqala agxumele, wonke amandla yenjini, edabula diffs, it is ezithunyelwa kuleli isondo.

Uvala nomehluko "Niva"

Ngaphambi sikhuluma indlela yokuqhuba lock umehluko kwi "Cornfield", kufanele wazi into eyodwa, okungukuthi ukucacisa nemisebenzi phambi (ezincane) ukusingatha leli cala yokudlulisa.

Abanye abashayeli bakholelwa ukuthi ngosizo umshini ivuliwe phambi-wheel drive - akunjalo: the front futhi bakhulise-wheel drive ku "Niva" uye wahilela njalo, futhi lokhu ngepeni Kwenziwa ukulawula umehluko okunikezelwayo. Okungukuthi, kuze kube yilapho elifakwe "phambili" isikhundla, umehluko ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi lapho "emuva" - ekhubazekile.

Manje ngqo ku sokuvimba lapho kokucima ukudluliswa imiphini umehluko icala phakathi bamba avaliwe, kanjalo ngenkani bakubheka ijubane ukujikeleza wabo, okungukuthi, inani phambi isivinini isondo oluvala amasondo uyalingana igiya Imininingwane reverse. Distribution kwenzeka kolunye wagxila nenkani. Ake sithi ezingemuva isondo amahlumela, uma Ukuvula ilokhi, traction iya phambili oluvala amasondo, amasondo owawusuka emotweni, kodwa uma ngesikhathi esifanayo zabuksuet isondo elingemuva futhi nga gange ngalesosikhathi ku zabo "Niva" ayisaxhunyanisiwe ekhwela.

Ukuze ugweme lokhu, abashayeli amabhuloho setha samobloki ukusiza ukudonsa umshini bagibele. Kuze kube manje, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abanikazi "Niva" iyona umehluko Nesterov.

Samoblok Nesterov

Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo umehluko Nesterov, futhi imfihlo ukuthandwa kwakhe.

Difa design ivumela nje kuphela ukuze ubone kahle hle ulungise Isivinini emincane kwamasondo umshini lapho wenza aqondisa, kodwa endabeni probuksovok noma ukulengiswa isondo iyunithi umnikeza ayimbijana amandla avela injini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, samobloka yokusabela kuya ngokushintsha isimo sezimoto cishe ngokushesha. Futhi, Nesterova umehluko kakhulu ngcono ukulawula umshini, ngisho ematfuba ezishelelayo, sithuthukisa ukushayela ukuzinza, ukushayela dynamics ukushesha (ikakhulukazi ebusika), kunciphisa petrol. Ukufakwa kudivayisi Akudingi izinguquko design the ukuwudlulisa isethwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba umehluko zakudala.

I umehluko isetjentiswe hhayi kuphela ubuchwepheshe yezimoto, kwaba wusizo kakhulu futhi tillers, ngeke lula kakhulu ukuphila kwalowo onakho.

Ukwahlukaniswa ngoba motoblock

Hamba-ngemuva ugandaganda - Phiko ngempela ezisindayo, futhi umane uvule lidinga umzamo, futhi ngezinye okungajwayelekile emincane isivinini isondo kuba nzima nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi yale mishini uma diffs awazange kusengaphambili ekuqaleni ukuklama, ukuthenga futhi ufake ngokwakho.

Kanjani umehluko motoblock? Eqinisweni, kuphela inikeza ithuba lula umshini, ephumula kwelinye lamasondo.

nezinye Umsebenzi Its neze elihlobene ne ukuhanjiswa amandla - ukukhulisa base isondo. design umehluko inikeza ukusetshenziswa kwaso njengoba ezinwetshiwe izimbazo, okwenza uhambo-ngemuva ugandaganda beshesha kakhudlwana futhi amelana tipping phezu, ikakhulukazi uma cornering.

Ngamafuphi, lo umehluko - into ewusizo kakhulu futhi zibalulekile, kanye ukuvala yayo ngezikhathi kwandisa permeability yemoto.