Liyini ihaba futhi litotes: izibonelo ezincwadini

isiRashiya namuhla phakathi eziyishumi amahle kakhulu futhi, izazi zolimi Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amazwi ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi, hhayi kuhlanganise bomsebenzi kanye nezilimi zezigodi. Abalobi omkhulu Russian ziye zaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni isiRashiya tetemibhalo, ngakho limi agcwaliswa kwezobuciko futhi ekhululekile izindlela, ezisetshenziswa zibhalwe futhi enkulumweni namuhla.

Ukuthuthukiswa kolimi etemibhalo Russian kanye emizileni lokuqala

ulimi Literary Russian waqala ukwakha ekhulwini XI, phakathi nokuba khona kwamakamu isimo Kievan Rus. Khona-ke irekhodi lokuqala kanye yobuciko zezincwadi Old Russian zadalwa. Eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule, abalobi wasebenzisa izindlela kwezobuciko futhi ekhululekile kolimi (imizila): samuntu, epithet, isingathekiso, ihaba futhi litotes. Izibonelo migomo ivamile futhi namanje izincwadi futhi ngolimi yansuku zonke.

Imiqondo "ihaba" futhi "litotes"

Ukuzwa okokuqala igama elithi "ihaba", ochwepheshe zilandisa ngomlando othile wezwe lakhe ne Hyperborea ziyaphawuleka, futhi mathematics khumbula umugqa ehlanganisa amagatsha amabili, okuthiwa - ihaba. Kodwa leli gama lisho ukuthi lezo zincwadi? Hyperbola - a sibalo yesitayela esetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa imiva ka kusho futhi ihaba ngenhloso. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi leli gama kukhona antonym, ngoba uma ulimi onezinto ngoba ihaba, kumelwe nakanjani babe sibalo wesitayela ekhonza kweswela. Labo kwezobuciko futhi ekhululekile izindlela kuyinto litotes. Izibonelo ezilandelayo zibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi litotes enjalo kangakanani isetshenziswa inkulumo.

umlando nokuBusa ka ihaba

Ihaba yinkulumo evame kakhulu ezincwadini zasendulo, isibonelo "Lay": "Tom e Polotske pozvonisha matins, ekuseni Sofei ongcwele insimbi, futhi Kyeve ikhala yizwani." Ukuhlaziya isiphakamiso, ungakwazi ukuqonda incazelo: umsindo insimbi, prozvenevshego e Polotsk, weza eKiev! Yiqiniso, empeleni lokhu akukwazi, kungenjalo zonke izakhamuzi zakule ndawo aseduze baye isithulu yabo. Igama elithi livela Latin: ihaba kusho "ihaba." Ihaba esetshenziswa cishe zonke izimbongi futhi abalobi, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwalo njalo emisebenzini yakhe wama phandle Nikolay Gogol, uVladimir Mayakovsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ngakho, ngo-play Gogol sika "UHulumeni Umhloli" etafuleni kwaba "ikhabe ruble engamakhulu," - omunye ihaba, ngoba ikhabe hhayi ibiza kangaka, uma kuyindodana, yebo, hhayi igolide. Mayakovsky e "okungavamile adventure" kwelanga lwayo lwashisa "e amalanga eziyikhulu namashumi amane futhi" ukuthi Liyindawo elikhanyayo.

Litotes ezincwadini

Thola ihaba ukuze baqonde lokho litotes, akunzima. Ngu leli gama futhi ngokuvamile ziqondiswe Gogol. Endzabeni "saseNevsky Prospect," wachaza emlonyeni oyedwa ezincane kangangokuba wayengeke ungaphuthelwa izingcezu engaphezu kwemibili. UNikolai Nekrasov enkondlweni adumile "ongumlimi Izingane" uhlamvu - indoda encane uzipho, kodwa lingakhulumi mayelana ukuphakama kwakhe amasentimitha: kumbhali litotes ungathanda ukugcizelela ukuthi indoda ongaphakeme ubudala ithwala isixha esindayo nezinkuni. Iselula a litotes kungatholakala ezinye abalobi. By endleleni, kwakukhona eside kusukela lesiGreki elithi litotes, okusho "lula, ukuzibamba."

Litotes futhi ihaba enkulumweni yansuku zonke

Man, bengazi, usebenzisa ihaba futhi litotes ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngokuvamile kakhulu. Uma ungakwazi namanje ukuqagela okushiwo ihaba ngenxa yazo zonke isenzo cognate eyaziwa "ungeqisi" lokho litotes - kwabaningi kuseyimpicabadala. Wajeziswa, indoda ecebile khona oyothi: "Nginokudla engikudlayo imali - ngokwanele ukuba afunge," nokubona kwentombazanyana encane uhamba ngomgwaqo, ungakwazi siqonde ukuthi kuyini, "Thumbelina", futhi uma izinyane kancane - "umfana oneminyaka ne-iminwe". Lona izibonelo njalo iningi litotes. Ihaba, ngamunye wethu ibusa kaningi kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, wahlangana ngengozi nomngane, lo isifaniselo sokuqala 'sineminyaka eyikhulu babone singekho, "futhi unina, ukhathele ukwenza indlela esasizizwa ngayo efanayo Uyayobayobeka-indodana uthi," Ngikutshelile ayinkulungwane izikhathi! " . Ngakho, singakwazi waphinda uphethe ngokuthi ngeke wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ihaba okunjalo futhi litotes, kodwa isebenzisa lezi amasu, ngisho ingane ezintathu.

Ukubaluleka yamasiko tropes

Indima isiRashiya kuyinto wesitayela izibalo okukhulu; unamathisele ngokomzwelo, uthuthukise izithombe futhi kwenze kube bazwakale. Ngaphandle kwawo, imisebenzi Pushkin futhi Lermontov wawuyobe ulahlekelwe ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo yayo, futhi manje uzokwazi ngokuzethemba zisebenzisa ematfuba elihle ibinzana, njengoba wazi, isibonelo, ukuthi litotes ezinjalo.

Esikhathini izincwadi, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kulezi zindlela, ezivuma isiRashiya ingenye ekhululekile kakhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ecebile. Ngakho ukunakekela isiRashiya - le ngcebo, lokhu impahla washiyela kithi Turgenev nezinye bakithi oluvelele.