IzimaliIzimali zomuntu

Microfinance izikhungo: ohlwini. Microfinance isikhungo - kungcono ...

Namuhla sikhuluma ngalokho okwenza microfinance izikhungo (MFIs), nalokho imali ngabe zikhona ngeke, olawula umsebenzi wabo, futhi iziphi izinzuzo ungathola kuzo umboleki. Kodwa kuqala kunazo zonke ezidingekayo ukuze sichaze uqobo.

Kuyini microfinance

Ngokushesha ngemva yethula, igama elithi "microfinance" libhekisela amasevisi uboleka, okuyinto yenziwa ukuze amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi. Lokhu nqubo ethengekayo kuqhathaniswa inqubo ukuthi kwadingeka adlule ukuze uthole credit ibhizinisi njengoba yasebhange evamile.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside ilahlekelwe incazelo yalo original. MFIs bezilokhu unikeze abanye ukubolekisa ibhizinisi, kodwa manje amaklayenti abo bangabantu. Banikwa ithuba ukuthola loan micro - kuyinto loan esheshayo ukuthi akudingi kokuhlaziya nesimo esingokwezimali umboleki kanye kreditoplatezhnosti.

MFI - kuyini?

Ngakho, microfinance inhlangano - inhlangano engekho ngaphansi yasebhange, ogama imisebenzi bagxile uboleka amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye. Lezi uhlelo ukubolekisa ukukhishwa silula kakhulu kunezinye ebhange. Njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlangano, ukuqedela umsebenzi MFIs zidinga imali yebhizinisi. MFI okungadonsela izisetshenziswa kusuka kwimithombo ehlukahlukene. Esokuqala iphesenti eliphezulu ukubolekisa anikezwe, kanye nokubambisana zimali. Zingaba kokubili abantu nezinhlangano yasebhange. Kulo mBhalo, i-MFI kuyinto ezingaphansi kweBhange zaphumelela.

Funda MFI phakathi kwezinye izikhungo zezimali nje. Bona amehlo ngokukhangisa yayo iziqubulo e umoya "Imali ukukhokha", "Imithombo imizuzu engu-15," "Imali esheshayo" nokunye. D. amasevisi wabo basakazwa izindawo eziminyene. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlangano unabantu akukho kuka 1-2.

izinhlobo MFIs

Izwe ngalinye ichaza imibono yayo MFIs ngu ngohlaka lomthetho. futhi inquma ifomu lokubhalisa. Umbandela main, okubonisa ukuthi ufuna microfinance inhlangano - uhlelo lula wesikweletu. Ngakho, zonke izinhlaka ze-non-ibhange ngokomthetho evumelekile ukuthi uyenzele uboleka amaqhinga anjalo kungenziwa ihlukaniswe zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

  • iqembu lwezezimali.
  • IsiKhwama Entrepreneurship Ukusekela.
  • Credit Union.
  • Credit Society.
  • Credit ejensi.
  • Credit wokubambisana.

Njengoba sekushiwo, MFIs abaningi ezingaphansi kwamabhange. Leyo misebenzi kule minyaka nenzuzo ngempela. Iqiniso lokuthi ibhange ithuba umboleke at zenzalo ukuthi kukhona izikhathi eziningana ngaphezu kwalawo ekhishwe ngokuqondile kuye. Ngokwemvelo, kunobungozi okukhulu ukuthi lesi credit uzohlala oluvelele.

Ubani lengamela umsebenzi MFIs

Umzimba main ukuthi uqaphe umsebenzi MFIs, Central Bank of the State lapho inhlangano ikhona. Kwamalayisensi letintfo linanezincwadi Central Bank. izikhungo Microfinance Kufanele kwenziwe encwadini okubhalwa isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola izimvume kulezo zakhiwo ezilawula ukusebenza kwe nezinye izinhlangano zezimali.

FZ "Ngo Microfinance Izinhlangano"

Uma sikhuluma Russia, kukhona lo mugqa ibhizinisi ubonakele akunjalo kudala. Ngakho, imithetho elawula imisebenzi yabo, wayethunjiwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Okwamanje, kunemithetho ezimbili elawula microfinance:

  • FZ "Ngo microfinance futhi microfinance izinhlangano" (esamukelwa ngo 02.07.2010).
  • FZ "Ngo Izichibiyelo Izenzo ezithile zomthetho we Russian Federation ngokuqondene ukwamukelwa zoMthetho Federal" Ngo microfinance futhi microfinance izinhlangano "(esamukelwa ngo 05.07.2010).

Ngokuhambisana igama umthetho, kukhona ezinye ukulinganiselwa amafomu nemithetho umnikelo. Uma sikhuluma mali esele imalimboleko, khona-ke akufanele kube ruble ezingaphezu kuka-1 million. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kungavunyelwe Ukukhishwa izimali zakwamanye amazwe ukubolekisa, kungakhathaliseki inani. Endabeni ebhange utshalomali ingathola umnikelo, ogama usayizi akuyona esingaphansi 1.5 million (owodwa depositor).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke MFIs Russia kumele aqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi kwemali ye ababoleka uyosindiswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi boleko MFIs alinalo ilungelo adinga ukunikezwa izinombolo zocingo "abangane" ngubani ungabika yokukhokha sekwedlule isikhathi ngaphansi nesivumelwano sokubolekwa, uma kungekho kungenzeka contact umboleki.

nokubonga

Kukholakala ukuthi MFI ilungele adumisa cishe wonke umuntu obangela lokhu isikhalo. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ngaphambi ukusebenza iklayenti, iyiphi inhlangano idinga ukuthola creditworthiness yekhasimende. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa credit amagoli. Le nqubo yenza bezikhali umboleki ukuthola imali-mboleko noma bhunkula it imizuzu 10-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le sevisi ngisho etholakala ku-intanethi.

Credit Amaphuzu - isimiso ukuhlaziya umboleki ukukhokha, ogxile algorithm ethile futhi eyenziwa ukusebenza kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi sicubungula idatha lubonakaliswa amaphuzu. Okunjalo solvency scheme iklayenti usebenzisa cishe zonke izikhungo microfinance. Ukukhokhwa kwaloluhlobo lwesikweletu ngaleyo ndlela anikezwe akuyona isisebenzi MFI, futhi uhlelo lwekhompyutha, ngoba kuphela imiphumela yomsebenzi kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho isinqumo.

Uma imiphumela wesikweletu amagoli umboleki Zingakwazi ukufunda kuphela, loan angabenza cishe ngosuku olufanayo. Nokho, inani elikhiphe ukubolekisa, ngokuvamile esingaphansi lowo kwamenyezelwa ekuqaleni. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngosizo credit amagoli kungaba ngaphezulu elivunyelwa ukuhlola creditworthiness we ikhasimende, kunalokho zisekelwe kuphela imibono yakhe siqu, okuyinto evame overestimated.

Inzalo ibalwa nsuku zonke, hhayi inyanga noma unyaka, njengoba kunjalo amabhange. Ngakho-ke, ngo-loans kakhulu MFI ikhishwa kuphela amasonto amabili noma ngenyanga. Kungenjalo, ngokweqile ku loan akwazi ukuxoxa lemali okungukuthi izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu kunaye ukuthi lo muntu obolekayo lithole.

utshalomali

Sidinga ukukhuluma kabanzi mayelana lapho MFI uthola nenhloko-dolobha yalo. Inhlangano microfinance bangase babambisane zimali. Njengoba uMbuso akukuniki isiqinisekiso yayo for imali e MFIs ukutshala izimali zakho kuyo imali yakho kuyingozi. Kunengozi enkulu ngokwanele ukuthi zimali uzothola abanandaba, kodwa futhi ulahlekelwe esivivaneni. Ukutshala imali izikhungo microfinance baye eziningi umehluko kusuka ebhange :

  1. Income ukuthi ingatholakala uma utshala imali enjalo, ibhange idlula izikhathi 1.5-2.
  2. Izingozi nezinamathiselo, ngokulandelana, futhi siphezulu.
  3. Endabeni lekusisa MFI ukuhoxiswa ekuseni iminikelo ezimweni eziningi akunakwenzeka (ngaphandle - lokhu kungenzeka kuphinde lokuvela yesivumelwano). Amabhange lungelo kuqinisekiswa umthetho wemali.
  4. Zimali uthola iholo kusukela MFIs ukukhokha intela engenayo isimo. ezifakwa emabhange kuyakuba zikhokhe intela kuphela kwezinye izimo.

Njengoba ubona, isivuno utshalomali impela high, kodwa ingozi esiphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwandisa kakhulu ngesikhathi kunezinkinga zemali, lapho ababoleka kakhulu ngokucijile encishisiwe ezingeni engenayo. Uma inhlangano enjalo kuthiwa ayinamali, zimali ngeke bakwazi ukubuyela ngisho neqhaza, ingasaphathwa amaphesenti, ngoba ngokuvamile kuba isikhungo microfinance - esikhungweni akanayo impahla ethile engase ithengiswe isikweleti.

Usezingeni ehola MFIs Russia

Naphezu kwakho konke izingozi futhi eziphezulu zenzalo yokuzigcina loan, abantu abaningi bavele njalo ngonyaka, ngubani ezikhungweni microfinance ukuza. Uhlu izinkampani ezifana luyanda kanye ukufunwa lolo sizo. Ethandwa kakhulu yilezi:

  1. "Platiza".
  2. MoneyMan.
  3. "Bystrodengi".
  4. "Loans".
  5. "MigKredit".
  6. "Zaymer".
  7. Viva imali.
  8. "Mani Fanny."
  9. "Rusmikrofinans".
  10. MFI "Summit".

Microfinance izikhungo, uhlu okuyinto letinikwe lapha ngenhla, hlala izindawo eziphezulu eziyishumi okuholela kule simo, eyahlanganiswa ngokuhambisana izicelo abasebenzisi ukuvama Ukukhuluma yabezindaba.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Sicabanga ngabo bonke izinzuzo nezingozi inhlangano enjalo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi loans kulezi zinkampani akuzuzisi kwasekuqaleni ukuba lo muntu obolekayo. Microfinance isikhungo - isikhungo ukuthi wadalwa ngokuyinhloko ngenjongo abahola. Ngakho-ke, i-MFI kungaba ezithakazelisayo kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa utshalomali.

Nokho, nalwazi zezimali iningi labantu kanti umkhuba abahlala usizo loan ukwandisa isibalo nezinhlangano ezifana kuleli zwe. Into esemqoka ukuthi edonsela abantu - kungcono credit lula, asikho isidingo ukunikeza iphakethe kwemibhalo, ukuthola okusheshayo imali engukheshi, kanye nekhono futhi bazishaye isifuba ngisho labo abaye ichithekile Umlando wokukhokha kwemali.

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