Minerals weRiphabhulikhi Komi: sandstone, quartzite, aluminium nsimbi, imali amalahle eziveza, izinto itshe yemvelo

Komi Republic - isihloko Russian Federation, we North-West Federal District.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Isifunda itholakala engxenyeni European yezwe, ngokwedlulele, esenyakatho-mpumalanga, entshonalanga Urals. Republic Square 416 800 sq.km. emadolobheni Largest - Syktyvkar - the dolobha ye-republic, eVorkuta, Sosnogorsk, e-Inta, Ukhta, Vuktyl, futhi Pechora Usinsk. Komi Republic imingcele phezu Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets futhi Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, Arkhangelsk, Kirov futhi Sverdlovsk izifunda kanye Perm esifundeni.

72% of the indawo ilawulwa emahlathini esifundeni. Kanye emngceleni osempumalanga weRiphabhulikhi Komi yokwelula zase-Ural. Ezinye izindaba zika-kuncike - ke emaxhaphozini, emathafeni kanye namadlelo olenmi futhi ihlathi nezimfunda. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu emifuleni: Vychegda futhi Pechora. I Komi Republic amumethe amachibi ajulile.

I Komi Republic Itholakala esipholile futhi Arctic sezulu esishintshashintshayo, ngakho kukhona eside, obubandayo nehlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, epholile futhi iDemo. Ngokuvamile kukhona okushintshako e lokushisa futhi umfutho womoya, izivunguvungu nezimvula ezinkulu.

Isihloko is owakhiwe futhi abameleli 130 bezizwe! 65% wabo - Russian. Ibe isilandelwa abameleli Komi abantu, 24% wabo. Kuyinto futhi iyikhaya Belarusians, Ukraine, AmaTatar, Komis Izhma, Isi-Chuvash, iMari, Bashkir, laseMordovia, Isi-Udmurt, Nenets, Komi-Permian, nabanye.

indaba

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu xv, nsimu ingxenye Republic Novgorod, wabe esedlulela State eMoscow. Ngakho, kuqala akhishelwe khona uboya, futhi phakathi XVIII leminyaka eduze komfula Ukhta waqala ukhiphe namafutha. Ngenxa sezulu elibuhlungu esifundeni ngaleso sikhathi kwaba abakhileyo kancane.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-30-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka ku Komi Republic wathola kwelahle, kodwa-ke waqala ukuthola e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngaleyo minyaka efanayo yokukhipha ukhuni, ujantshi Yakhiwa uwoyela namalahle.

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngo-90s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwafika Inkinga umkhakha weRiphabhulikhi.

kwemithombo yemvelo

Minerals Komi Republic zidlala indima ebalulekile kuleli lizwe. Lesi sifunda siyindawo elikhulu amalahle elisemcengezini, uwoyela negesi sifundazwe namachibi uwoyela oluthambile - republic amumethe amandla.

Isihloko esitokisini esikhulu fuel igesi namafutha oluthambile, Peat, izinsimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni, ezingavamile, bahlakazeka ezingavamile emhlabeni izinsimbi, amatshe ayigugu kanye idayimane. titanium Evamile, manganese, nsimbi chromite kanye ne-aluminium.

izinsiza Nonmetallic amaminerali weRiphabhulikhi Komi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela Imayini chemical, izimayini, izinto piezooptic futhi asebenza ngebhethri. Kukhona izinto yokusansimbi, ubucwebe, amatshe nokwakhiwa amaminerali izinto.

kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni umkhakha ihlathi kuleli zwe. Le ndawo yamahlathi kuyinto kumahekthare ayizigidi ezingu-38,9. Futhi, in the Komi Republic eziningi amaminerali, fresh futhi komhlaba ezimbonini.

Izinsalela zokubasa

Wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu zemvelo weRiphabhulikhi Komi kukhona izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile ukwaba ezifakwa amalahle ezinembewu. Iningi lazo basuke bagxila Pechora amalahle umcengezi. Lapha, 213 bhiliyoni amathani amalahle, zazo uhlole zonke izigidigidi ezingu-9.

Esikhathini Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy kanye Komi Republic itholakala Timan-Pechora Basin, 60% okuyinto izinsiza kawoyela ongahluziwe. izinsiza zayo Geological - 4 billion amathani. Kukhona futhi cishe 3 trillion cu m ³ hydrocarbon amagesi.

Ngezinye Timan, eduze nedolobhana Nyamed e Izhmy umcengezi iyona zezimboni ensimini asphaltites - ibitume okuqinile zemvelo. Lo mkhiqizo izinguquko supergene esinamandla kobuso amafutha. Asphaltites buthelela at uwoyela okukhiphayo a ezifakwa kwesigubhu. idiphozi Timan ubhekwa omunye ecebile eRussia.

Peat - idwala sedimentary ezakhiwe ekuqongeleleni undecomposed e ixhaphozi kuze kube sekupheleni kwezitshalo izinsalela. bogs Peat zingaphezu 10% yonke insimu weRiphabhulikhi, ngoba izinqolobane lapha enkulu Peat - mayelana 1 bhiliyoni amathani.

Idiphozithi lamafutha oluthambile - ezine amachibi: Bolshezemelskaya, Izhma, Yarengsky futhi Sysolskiy. Amafutha oluthambile kuyinto namaminerali sedimentary ehlanganisa amaminerali kanye nezinto eziphilayo (Silicon, ubumba, njll) iNgxenye.

Mining and izinto zokusetshenziswa chemical

Minerals weRiphabhulikhi Komi ethulwa, futhi ezimayini nasembonini chemical izinto zokusetshenziswa. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zikasawoti. Avezwa phezu Pai-Khoi, ama-Polar Urals, Timan, kanye okubhukuda kanye Vym Sysola emifuleni.

Selokhu ngekhulu XII ekukhiqizeni esifundeni athuthukile usawoti. Industrial izinqolobane edwaleni kanye potassium usawoti zitholakala eduze nedolobhana Seregovo futhi kufika amathani 2.7 bhiliyoni. Minyaka yonke ke sasithathwa kusuka mayelana 6000 zamathani kasawoti ezidliwayo.

Esikhathini Komi Republic, ezimbili idiphozithi yanoma barite - Natural barium yombala sulphate. Hoylinskogo izinqolobane of lemali ensimini ukuze cishe abayizigidi ezingu-40 wamathani, itholakala eduze nedolobha eVorkuta. ensimini Palninskoe has a zigcine ezincane - azungeze 17 amathani ayizigidi ezingu.

On the River North Keltma River eNingizimu Timan wathola ezifakwa elincane sulphur bomdabu.

Mining and izinto zokusetshenziswa zezimboni

Esifundazweni Ural-Zemlya ezifakwa omkhulu owaziwa fluorite - calcium one-fluoride, esobala noma ayevumela itshe ingilazi ayebuthaka nombala ezihlukahlukene. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke imali uhlole - Amderminsk bayibeka igodla lemali amathani angaphezu kuka-1.5 million.

Imali ye-rock crystal ezintabeni Polar Urals Kwatholakala 1927. Njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa piezooptic crystal eyaqala ukuvela-1930. On Northern Timan e amalaka agathe wathola zinhlayiya ezincane crystal.

izinto itshe Yemvelo

Isifunda wathola izinto zemvelo itshe ezifana limestone kanye dolomite - carbonates magnesium ne-calcium. Amasimu ngobukhulu athuthukile kuyinto Belgopskoe. Itholakala endaweni Ukhta, izinqolobane zalo azisizi ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingu-15 m ^3.

Gypsum - yemvelo impahla itshe, mineral iziqu ekilasini sulfate - ikhiqizwa izinkambu ezimbili. On Ust'Tsilma izinqolobane kwakhona kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-70, ku-Izhemsky - amathani angaphezu kwangu-150 million.

I Komi Republic amumethe sandstones, quartzites namadwala crystalline. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Pechora Ephakathi has amasosha idiphozi okuyinto inothile asebenza ngebhethri ingilazi Sands.

izinto zokusetshenziswa semiprecious

Elinye iqembu namaminerali weRiphabhulikhi - ukuthi ukusika futhi wokucwebezelisa amatshe. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ibe ngeyamarubi, prehnite, asebenza ngebhethri, inhlaka namabhomu. On Polar Ural zenzeka imigexo asebenza ngebhethri zinhlobo Polar Ural - ngeyamarubi neNorth Timan - prehnite, aluminium silicates, ne-calcium.

Ukuze amatshe Ornamental zihlanganisa zemabula, ne-agathe, i-jade, serpentinite, jade nejaspi. Ngezinye Timan futhi Polar Urals uhlole izinqolobane of agates phezu Pai-Khoi - Jasper. The Polar futhi Polar Urals ungathola amatshe amhlophe; grey - eduze ujantshi Seida-Labytnangi, ophuzi kanye grey - eNingizimu Timan eduze esiteshini Halmer-U. Izenzo serpentinite atholakala imicengezi we Molasses Omkhulu Vangyr futhi Kosyu ku Polar Urals, futhi idiphozithi yanoma jade nejayidi atholakala Polar Urals.

Ngilusizo Komi Republic imithombo ethulwa amadayimane. Lapha ziseZwini Devonian futhi paleorossypyah, okungenani - eNorth futhi Ephakathi placers Timan yesimanje, uyathola ezingavamile zatholakala e-Northern Urals.

namaminerali Ore

Isifunda has ezifakwa enkulu titanium netshe, u-30% wabo bonke amasheya emazweni CIS. Imali uhlole kakhulu - kuyinto Yaregskoye. Okuqukethwe leucoxene lapha 20-30%.

ERepublic of Komi ezivamile aluminium emkhandweni wensimbi. isifundazwe Iningi bauxite lavulwa ngo Ephakathi naseNingizimu Timan kule minyaka embalwa edlule.

Igolide ore ngokuvamile ihlangana ne Polar futhi Urals Polar, kanye Timan. I ezithakazelisayo amaningi abhekwa njengokudla zezimboni placer egolide Timan Headwater Tsilma, Nivshery futhi tansy futhi Kozhym umcengezi.

isiphetho

I Komi Republic amumethe uwoyela, igesi kanye namalahle. Ngenxa yenqwaba izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi kungenziwa ngokuthi esifundeni main fuel kumila ingxenye North European yeRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendaba kanzulu ihlathi nemithombo yamanzi.