National Park Altyn-Emel. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke Nature Reserve e Kazakhstan

Isihloko isitshela indaba kwekulu inqolobane Kazakhstan ngokuthi Altyn-Emel. Itholakala kwi kwemithambeka ugema Jungar Alatau. Le ndawo wokugodlwa ayizinkulungwane 460 amahektha. Ipaki yadalwa ukuze kulondolozwe izitshalo ezingavamile nezilwane.

Beka National Park Indawo

Esiqiwini itholakala 150 amakhilomitha kusuka ngokuthi Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan). Itholakala kwi ibhange kwesokudla eMfuleni Ili, lathumba engxenyeni esenyakatho Kapchagai kwesigubhu.

Uma unquma ukuvakashela ipaki ke nakanjani kuphakama umbuzo: kuthiwani ukufinyelela Altyn-Emel? Kapchagay - edolobheni esiseduzane esiqiwini, iqalisa amaloli kusukela Alma-Ata. Okulandelayo udinga ukuya ngemoto eduze Kapchagai kwesigubhu kuya Cordon at inombolo eyodwa. City Kapchagay (Alma-Ata esifundeni) itholakala amakhilomitha 160 kusukela Almaty. Zonke indlela eya epaki, ngokuvamile, kuzothatha amahora abangeqile kwabathathu. Yiqiniso, indlela akuyona eduze kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sikunqobe, ukubona ezikhangayo eziyingqayizivele esiqiwini, uma kubhekwa ukuthi engu-ezinye zazo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2500 ubudala, kanye ufakazi izilwane ezidla ezinye eziyivelakancane nezinyoni. ungaya kusuka Alma-Ata bese kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe phakathi komuzi Kapchagay, ukuhlela ngokwawo uhambo day uma uthanda.

Kodwa kukhona esinye komgwaqo, edabula Sary-Ozek, lapho, edlulisa pass Altyn-Emel, ungakwazi ukufinyelela kalinino. Indlela kusukela Alma-Ata ukuba maphakathi izindlu kuthatha cishe amahora ayisithupha, ke welula amakhilomitha 320. Lokhu kukhetha amade - uhambo kuzothatha izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi uyokwazi ukubona ezikhangayo edume kunazo kwepaki: Mount Aktau, Katy Tau ukucula dune, iminyaka engamakhulu ayisikhombisa willow ubudala nezilwane ezingavamile.

Umlando sokudalwa

State National Park Altyn-Emel yasungulwa ngo 1996 ngesisekelo Kapchagai Ukuzingela. The main Manor endlini itholakala edolobhaneni kalinino. Kusukela yakhe Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) 250 amakhilomitha. Esiqiwini ibanga amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu futhi kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabili.

Onjalo enhle igama Reserve ithole isizathu, ke waqala endulo futhi-Mongolian akuhunyushiwe ngokuthi "sehhashi osemqoka". Kukhona ngisho legend ukuthi uthi ehlobo lika-1219 amabutho edumile zikaGenghis Khan sawela isigodi, ukuthuthela ekunqotshweni Asia Ephakathi. Kwathi ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga, izintaba ziqine eseliphuphile utshani umkhuzi lwengilazi lufana sehhashi segolide. Kwaba njalo ngempela, uma ubuka eduze, uhlaka pass Altyn-Emel empeleni liyafana sehhashi.

Ngo kwepaki kukhona nendawo ebukeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: kusukela 'izingwadule olunesihlabathi eya ezintabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiqiwini idume izikhumbuzo zalo zomlando namasiko.

ukucula Dunes

Ukucula dune kuyinto okusezingeni eliphezulu isihlabathi dune (mayelana 100 metres) ubude ezingaphezu kuka amakhilomitha amathathu. It lethiwa ngenxa ngezinye izikhathi okuvela kuye isixwayisi hum okungukuthi ngalokwanele okusikhumbuza umsindo isitho. Ngakho ingoma Singing Dune wezwa ngezinyawo amakhilomitha. kuvela umsindo okwamanje lapho okusanhlamvu uxhumane nomunye - kukhona ntswininiza eyethile, futhi umsindo bazwakale ozalwa ipheshulwa eqinile. Kodwa umculo dune ungezwakala ngisho sezulu ezolile. Izinyathelo kwalo imbangela ukungqubuzana phakathi izinhlayiya, okuholela umsindo ongajwayelekile. Naphezu zybuchest isihlabathi dune cha zululeka, futhi izinkulungwane zeminyaka abaningana kuleli paki.

legend Local sithi ngaphansi dune isihlabathi wangcwatshwa uGenghis Khan yena futhi amaqhawe anesibindi yakhe, kanye igquma iqala ukucula, lapho Khan utshela inzalo ka ngezenzo zakhe ezinkulu.

Aktau

Natural Park Altyn-Emel siqukethe izinto eliyingqayizivele, enye yazo Aktau. Lokhu wokulinganisa ezintabeni Cenozoic sikhathi, ehlanganisa ubumba lemva, lapho umoya namanzi phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuze ibhoboze zigodi okungavamile.

Isici esiyinhloko kule ndawo kuyinto sokungabi nhlobo okungenani ezinye izimila, okwenza kube uyofana namathafa enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Lezi ezintabeni zinezikhathi emithambekeni emaweni futhi ukucekwa kwabantu uqine ngokwanele ngenxa yezimvula esiqhubekayo mudslides. Aktau ukuze Altyn-Emel - edume umhlaba idiphozi kwezazi esiyingqayizivele. Inhlabathi echibini atholakala izinsalela kahle walondoloza kwezilwane lasendulo ezifana kunobhejane giant, izingwenya, izimfudu, abahlukumezi bakudala, iminyaka yabo kulinganiselwa ngaso eminyakeni million 25-30 ubudala. Budebuduze Aktau kukhona Katutau nezintaba ezingaphansi kolwandle.

entabeni Katutau

Izintaba elula kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga efomini yokhalo inamagquma nge eziqongweni ngesimo iyinkangala. Nemithambeka bafa inqwaba elingenamanzi ezihosheni. Bright imivimbo blue pestreyut sandstone calcareous nobumba abomvu. Igama elithi "Katutau" kusho "ezintabeni ezimazombezombe."

Kukholakala ukuthi esikhathini Permian ngalona indawo kwaba izintabamlilo ezimbili. Ngempela, ezintabeni akhiwa ngokuphelele lava nye shushuzela mlilo. Futhi, kukhona ufa emhlabathini, zazo zigcwele magma. Futhi kwamiswa phakathi nokuzamazama ngenkathi ushayela subsurface izingqimba. Ubude ezinye zazo ngezinyawo amakhilomitha kuze kube eyisishiyagalombili. Enyakatho rocks Aktau futhi Katutau walondoloza olwalukhona Tethys lasendulo Ocean, okwakuthatha ifomu bobunjwa eyinkimbinkimbi.

Kalkany

Kalkany amancane Okukhulu - a Palaeozoic Massif, esibonakala ukubhujiswa okukhulu yamadwala. Ngaphandle - kuba ezintabeni ngempela untengantenga ongaphakeme esuke eningizimu kwepaki Altyn-Emel. Ayikho into engiyithandayo, futhi ikakhulukazi abazi, kodwa itholakala phakathi edumile emhlabeni Ukucula Dune.

Besshatyr

Besshatyr into kodwa zemivubukulo esiyingqayizivele. Zibizwa ngokuthi bobukhosi yokungcwaba izindunduma - ukungcwatshwa abaholi Saka VII-III eminyaka BC. Imibhoshongo lizungezwe inhlobo inhlasi menhirs, okuyizinto kuthi akufane nokwenzeka amatshe odumile Stonehenge. Esigodini kukhona 31 yokungcwaba ezindundumeni, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha 17 futhi ubukhulu bayo - 108 metres. Ososayensi bathola ukuthi kuzo amanga izinsalela abaholi Saka. Imibhoshongo kukhona amathuna amakhosi. Ngo entabeni zigodi atholakala yonke igalari idwala imidwebo ukuzingela izigcawu nezilwane.

ili

Ipaki Altyn-Emel yilona mfula main, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi umngcele esiqiwini - iyona River Ili. Iqala ezweni China. Umfula has a yokudla okuxubile.

iqala Easy entwasahlobo uzamcolo, ngokuvamile ngo-Ephreli. Ngu meltwater entabeni iqhwa ngoMeyi, kukhona izikhukhula, angawi kuze July-August. Khona-ke iqala ukwehla kancane kancane izinga lamanzi, futhi lenani evamile isethwe ngo-September. Ebusika, umfula nokumisa kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu ngokucijile ehlane Continental, ukugodola ngokwanele, Ubusika ezomile futhi elishisayo. Inani enkulu yemvula ngo-Ephreli noMeyi. lokushisa Isilinganiso 4-5 degrees.

Ipaki Altyn-Emel: flora

flora esiqiwini ihlanganisa izitshalo neshumi nanhlanu, ezinye zazo zingabantu ezingavamile futhi ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. endemics Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka nezinto ezingcwele: Silene Muslim, Alberta Tulips, astragalus Kopal, kahris umalusi, ongumlando Vitali.

Iningi izitshalo epaki babe izakhiwo ewusizo. Futhi abaningi ukudla izilwane zasendle. Izithelo kanye imbewu sidliwe namagundane nezinyoni, futhi Pagon - ayabulala izilwane. okuyigugu ngokukhethekile yilona feather mpumalanga, Atraphaxis khuhla, umhlonyane belozemelnaya nabanye. Kukhona imithi izitshalo uju, amafutha abalulekile.

nezilwane

Izinambuzane wedwa esiqiwini kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 5000 izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kulaba ama-25 zinhlobo ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni. Lokhu izintethe, ethandaza mantises, ojekamanzi, mabhungane nokunye. D.

Ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo yaleli paki futhi ahlukahlukene ngempela. I Kapchagai kwesigubhu uhlala zinhlobo izinhlanzi amabili, amathathu okuyizinto sekuphenduke umkhuba. Awezinyoka reserve emelelwa 25 zinhlobo: copperhead, Alai ablepharus, inyoka bafaniswe, asemaqeleni agama, umcibisholo snake nabanye.

Of izinyoni ezingamakhulu amabili ophilayo lapha, isidleke ngaphakathi zone evikelwe 174, futhi 18 ahlelwe njengoba ezisengozini: duck ferruginous, abamnyama nonogolantethe, grey crane, i-golden eagle, inyoka ukhozi, darnel, juba ensundu, isikhova, uPallas isihlabathi grouse bustard, ijuba ensundu.

On endaweni Altyn-Emel, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka ayisikhombisa ezincelisayo, phakathi lapho kukhona imikhiqizo yezolimo eyisikhombisa ezisengcupheni: Ligation, marten obomvu, Otter, iqhwa ingwe, Tien Shan izimvu entabeni, lembongolo yasendle. Esiqiwini bagxila labantu elikhulu kunawo wonke zasezintabeni, nezimvubu, iqhwa zezingwe. Ngisho lapha kukhona ungulates ngisho Umbala - izinyamazane, saiga, izingulube zasendle, izinqama zasendle.

Phakathi esiqiwini bahlala emifantwini yamadwala intendele partridges. Lokhu izinyoni amahle nenhle aphilisayo le eliwugwadule zezintaba. Ziyakwazi sihamba beshesha kakhulu futhi esheshayo phakathi kwamadwala, nigijima progalinki ku progalinku ngenkathi they akuveza umemeze, ukuhlela umsindo eziningi-uzwakalise. Partridges, njengoba umthetho, azivamile ukundiza, bamane flit edwaleni zizamazame, jumping izithiyo. Uma kunjalo uvalo, bona kakhulu Flutter bese uhlele emfantwini, ngaleyo ndlela izama ukugwema icala.

Izakhamuzi Esisemqoka sentaba lwendawo Swallows. Futhi ezindongeni emaweni yamadwala atholakala ngezikhathi ezithile stenolaz, le nyoni enhle, likhona like uvemvane. Waving amaphiko akhe onsomi-black, Babukeka njengezihlahla izimvemvane angavamile.

A phezulu ezintabeni uhlalwe nenqe zaseHimalaya kakhulu. Namanje-ke ku Kazakhstan ngokuthi Kuma. Mangisho ukuthi le nyoni ungomunye ezintathu ezidla esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. World of izinyoni esiqiwini unothile kakhulu, sibonga yokuthi amasayithi ahlukene kakhulu zemvelo insimu yalo, esuka emathafeni awugwadule nezintaba langesikhatheso ngoKukhulamungu.

Imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo abasebenzi bayo ukulondolozwa ukuhlukahluka Animate nemvelo ezingaphili.

ezokuvakasha

Okwamanje, National Park kuthatha amaqembu uhambo asebenzayo on insimu yalo. Futhi isikhathi sokuhamba zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Lolu hambo olufushane - ngosuku. Nokho, ukubona zonke izinto, udinga ukuchitha eziningi isikhathi esengeziwe.

Inani ayibekele Kazakhstan kuphezulu kakhulu, ngoba kulapho wahlanganyela kulondolozwe ezincelisayo ezisengcupheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni kwepaki sekuyisikhathi eside yindawo ekuhlolwa umsebenzi asebenzayo ukulondolozwa nezilwane zalezi zindawo. Ngenxa asebenzayo izinyathelo kwemvelo kanye ekulweni nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni e izinsephe reserve zululeka ngaphandle kokwesaba. Ngisho phakathi kwekhulu XX, kwakunabamemezeli abambalwa mbhangqwana, futhi manje esiqiwini iwukuba labantu ngobukhulu ekhaya.

Ngo-2003, ekuqaleni komsebenzi esebenzayo ku nokubuyiselwa imvelo ihhashi zasendle Przewalski, ngubani wanyamalala Kazakhstan ekhulwini XVIII. Nokho, le phrojekthi kwaba nzima ngempela, ngoba izwe kuyinto zizalela ezivamile futhi uzulazula emhlabeni reserve kuthiwa zamahhashi amaningi evimbela ukususwa zohlobo okumsulwa.