Pochard ezivamile: izithombe, incazelo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Umkhaya amadada ngempela ebanzi, kuhlanganisa ezingaphezu kuka-100. Lokhu shelduck, duck elimhlophe abangenangqondo, duck-isikebhe, iBaikal Teal, ezimibalabala Teal, Mallard, shoveler, merganser Brazilian, Muscovy duck, pochard nabanye.

Isihloko liyakhuluma ngokuphela izinhlobo yakamuva kakhulu duck umndeni.

incazelo

Pochard - kungcono duck, ogama isisindo ifinyelela 1400 amagremu. Le nyoni Unomzimba obukhulu, kancane isibambo singatsheki. Phakathi indiza, kuphakamisa kakhulu presser ngezinyawo, ngoba lokho kuthatha svoebrazny ukuma lwalugobile. Inani ilingana ubukhulu ikhanda Uqhwaku. Ngo umbala kuba besilisa (drake) abomvu ansundu nge sheen onsomi, nedada ikhanda umbala obomvu. I namaphiko kuyinto 0.6-0.8 metres. Pochard nabesifazane duck-emikhulu. Kuyathakazelisa umsila wakhe. Umhlane esifubeni kukhona kancane grey amnyama, kungaba brown. Wamabele nesisu ukukhanya grey umthunzi. Uqhwaku umbala kusuka grey kuba ezingcolile okwesibhakabhaka. Paws e abantu bazo zombili izinhlobo zobulili, omkhulu, grey umbala. Ngezinye esifubeni Drake sika nge emahlombe amathoni abamnyama, grey emuva, izinhlangothi uma lwangena ngumuntu enyakaza transverse. Uqhwaku, ngokungafani nabesifazane, ukuphaphatheka okwesibhakabhaka, phezulu amnyama.

okwenzeka

Pochard - i diver kakhulu, emanzini amasekhondi 30-40. Le nyoni bathulile. Insikazi has a izwi hoshozela, ngokuyisisekelo ukhala ngesikhathi indiza. Drake ngesikhathi samanje ngezinye izikhathi kuveza kuzwakala njengephupho ikhwela.

Pochard, ogama sithombe ephepheni, kunzima ukuthatha off, kodwa izimpukane. unhlangothi yakhe wamaphiko okuyimpikiswano umsindo kunalokho abukhali. Oholela ukuphila mobile, eziningi zazo kwenziwe phezu kwamanzi.

Abamele le zilwane kungaba aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20, kodwa isikhathi isilinganiso ukuphila kwabo ingasaphathwa. Ngokuyinhloko, izinyoni isikhathi eside basekuthunjweni, lapho wabheka emva, ukudla, futhi aphathwe ngendlela efanele.

Pochard ezivamile: olwenzeka endaweni

Kuphi lezi zinyoni baphile? Ekuqaleni diving wahlala zone of emaqeleni kanye ihlathi-emaqeleni, kodwa kancane kancane kwendawo yemvelo yandile futhi izinyoni kuxazululwe phezu amachibi efudumele e-Europe, esisogwini enyakatho nasentshonalanga. Lokhu kungenxa nokuntuleka kwamanzi ezindaweni evamile zokuhlala ngenxa yezinguquko yemvelo futhi ukuvela elula ukwenzela ukufinyelela eempendulweni inzalo amachibi emizini yezimboni Europe.

Insimu yokubeka (zizalela ububanzi) kumba eqolo:-ke osuka Britain iChibi iBaikal, le iCaspian kanye oLwandle Olumnyama ukuze Amu Darya kanye Semirechye edume. Wik nemizana kwezilwandle dive izindawo ezomile usawoti emaxhaphozini. E-US nase-Canada ingatholakala kwi enyakatho amachibi (Athabasca, Buffalo, Manitoba), empumalanga ye-delta esisempumalanga yoMfula Nebraska futhi kwezifunda zezintaba lwaseSierra Nevada entshonalanga kuleli zwekazi. E-Afrika, lezi zinyoni bahlala eningizimu endaweni Cape Verde, kodwa futhi e-Arabhiya.

Winter pochard uchitha aseBaltic Sea, North Sea, Black Sea, oLwandle iMedithera futhi iCaspian osogwini olusenyakatho, kodwa futhi iziqhingi Japanese, ku umSiriya nezwe elingasogwini Iraq, ezindaweni ezingasogwini-Iran kanye Pakistan kanye enyakatho yeNdiya.

Molt - nesikhathi ebalulekile empilweni

Ngezinye izikhathi ezithile drakes diving zithunyelwa molting yesikhashana. Minyaka yonke zindiza endaweni efanayo lapho ubutha nemihlambi emikhulu. Molting senzeka ikakhulukazi echibini ihlathi. Babeqala molt ehlobo - kuba umshado izingubo kabusha, kabusha - ekwindla - ngaphambi entsha imidlalo umshado. Young drakes molt wokuqala ku-September bese ushintsha ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe zazo.

Insikazi uhamba moulting ku esidlekeni, futhi uma engawuboni Nzalo, yena sisitshela ngokusondelana okwakuphakathi nabesilisa.

imizila ezifudukayo diving

Dives ziyafuduka futhi umzimba. Kwakamuva ukuphila kuphela esiqhingini eBrithani. Lokhu zifika futhi diving ebusika kusukela Norway enyakatho eJalimane, kusukela aseBaltic kanye enyakatho yeRussia. On ngazimbili lokushutheka ziya emva ukunyamalala ice emachibini.

On Kokchetav amachibi (enyakatho Kazakhstan) nasemachibini esifundeni Kurgan uya molt ingxenye encane izinyoni kusukela Urals, Western eSiberia naseMpumalanga Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous avtonomnyy. Iningi ringed khona drakes ukundiza phezu oLwandle iMediterranean, lapho bachitha khona ebusika. Zindiza, wedlula ezintabeni Southern Urals, Don emathafeni naseningizimu ye-Ukraine. Incane uhlala ogwini Black Sea. Ezinye ndizela yoLwandle iCaspian.

Ngemva ubusika British ngoMashi kuziwa isikhathi indiza, okuyinto eyenziwa ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-Ephreli. I enyakatho ntshonalanga esifundeni izinyoni Black Sea ziqala ukuhamba ekuqaleni kuka-April. Adjara bashiya ekupheleni kukaMashi. Fly kusukela Iraq ngoMashi. On dive lokushutheka kuqala ukuhwalala. Ziyamazi iVolga esifundeni, buvela ngesonto eledlule Apreli futhi ekupheleni May usengayibona imihlambi elincane ezinyonini ezifudukayo. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ungabukela indiza mass zalezi zinyoni zinqamula Tartary.

Ubusika esiqhingini Japanese Pochard ukusuka ngo ekupheleni kuka-April. I drakes lokuqala fly ngemva kwabo amasonto amabili fly nabesifazane futhi izinyoni abasha.

lokushutheka

Nest uthanda ungene amachibi ajulile ka ehlathini, ihlathi asemaqeleni, lapho inani elikhulu kwemihlanga ezindaweni ezivulekile. Le ndawo lokushutheka ka ezindiza imihlambi elincane, cishe othinta amanzi. Awu ziphila ndawonye nezinkawu nezingwenya nezinye izinhlobo amadada, hhayi ukuncintisana nabo ingxenye ukukhiqizwa ifolishi, njengoba feed ikakhulu ebusuku. Lapho ukuzalela, uncamela imenyu zemifino. Phakathi ukufuduka kanye ubusika izinyoni ndawonye nemihlambi emikhulu.

Okusatshalalisiwe ngendlela indawo esidlekeni, exhunywe neziqu utshani yasemanzini. Isizathu ukuthi izinsaba lohlanga Mace noma okukuyo Ukungena kusho. Khona-ke pochard, ukuthi ezichazwe ngenhla, ke uphahlwe fluff bekha kusuka webele kanye downy bedroll ozimele shaft. Lesi sakhiwo elintantayo ithobela kahle futhi kusekelwe amanzi ngenxa ngeziqu kanye izimpande ezimila emanzini. Esinye isidleke yakhiwa kulesi uhlevane futhi uhlevane, embozwe imihlanga ogwini, hhayi kude namanzi. Kuyinto amaqabunga izitshalo ezisogwini, has a ububanzi of cm 30 ukuphakama kwalo - 25 cm.

ukudla

Ukondla yizindawo bangabantu machibi, lapho eziningi izimila zasemanzini, ngezinye izikhathi ingenkulu kakhulu. Futhi, abazi ugweme amachibi usawoti, lapho kukhona ukudla. Amandla diving kuyo yomibili nezitshalo nezilwane (izibungu, omiyane, omiyane, tadpoles, njll). izinguquko Ukudla kuye isizini. Inguquko - entwasahlobo and ekwindla - ukudla imifino, ihlobo nobusika - izilwane.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Njengoba liphindaphindeke pochard? Abesifazane ukufinyelela izinga lokuzala emva wokuqala (futhi ngezinye izikhathi yesibili) unyaka owodwa wokuphila, drake ukuvuthwa ngonyaka wesibili. Sokuqomisana athwalwa yindawo yokuzalela. drakes eziningana ngokuvamile anakekele insikazi olulodwa, zizungezwe amanzi futhi ibonisa umdanso, wamshaya ikhanda lakhe okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ihlaba umkhosi umsindo amakhwela. Insikazi kuyinto ilungelo lokukhetha uzakwethu. Naye yena abashadile, yakha sidleke futhi incubates amaqanda. Ngo-April - May, amadada siqale ukudala wokwakha. Kwezinye izidleke amaqanda kungenzeka abesifazane ababili noma abathathu, njengoba abanye umama abanganaki aphonse up amaqanda abo kule izidleke omakhelwane. Ngezinye izikhathi wokwakha ngesizathu esingaziwa efa, ke Insikazi ibekela amaqanda endaweni entsha. Ngo laying dive - kusuka amaqanda 8 kuya ku-12, umbala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Insikazi incubates amaqanda cishe 25 izinsuku.

siyinzalo dive

amaphuphu achanyuselwa nesisindo kusuka 40 kuya 50 amagremu futhi esidlekeni kuze ezomile. Drakes awahlanganyeli benakekela amadada kuya Jack ngeke kufike. Okokuqala, zingabantu eseduze. Ukusuthiswa nabesifazane ke uvune imihlambi elincane unisex. Ukushiya esidlekeni, duck amaphuphu uvala phansi.

Amadada ngosuku lwesithathu kwaba dive ephelele futhi ungakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane. Phu achanyuselwa sivikele amachwane alo antekenteke abe obukhulu kakhulu. Ngosuku lwesibili bathola ukudla kwazo, zingcofa izinambuzane futhi imbewu plant, yehle. amaphuphu yenyanga kakade olusebenza ngokugcwele, izinyanga ezimbili futhi esekwazi ukundiza. Kana uthole e amaphakethe, gcina nemihlanga sedge. Lapho amadada ingozi bangcwatshwe kuzo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-August, bashiya esidlekeni, ukuya zokuzulazula.

umuntu onakekelayo

pochard kanjani okuvikelwe? IRed Encwadi Russia liqukethe inyoni ngenxa yokuthi isibalo sezinye izinhlobo kwehle kusuka ku-60 kuya kwezingu-10-15. Lokhu kungenxa ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho luhlala dive, inyoni umdlalo.