Nizhnekamsk HPP: emlandweni wokwakhiwa, isehlakalo, ulwazi olujwayelekile

Nizhnekamsk HPP e Tatarstan ihlukile inkampani amandla kuphela kuleli zwe, exhunywe kwi-UES yeRussia. Ngalesi inkampani, ingxenye yokugcina "Tatenergo", abakhileyo esifundeni sika supply ugesi.

Uhlolojikelele

Nizhnekamsk HPP isiteshi uhlobo isendaweni yeRiphabliki yaseTatarstan ku le Kama River eduze Yelabuga futhi Chelny. Yakha amandla plant waqala ngo-1963, futhi umsebenzi waqala kuphela 1979. Esivezwa HPP yilezi:

• idamu lakhiwe ngokhonkolo ukuze Spillway;
• Dam anesihlabathi emfuleni embhedeni;
• idamu kwimfunda;
• kuphuma;
• Umthombo.

Ukuphakama esiphezulu kwimfunda kanye nomfula idamu 30 m futhi ubude - 2.976 km. Kwezitimela kanye nemigwaqo ezibekwe ngqo edamini. Ngokwesilinganiso unyaka wonke ukuthi likhiqizwa phezu 2 billion kWh / h kukagesi.

Ngemva ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo esaziwa kwakhiwa Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Okwamanje NEC kuyinto 63,3 m. Ukukhulisa izinga ezokwenzela amandla amaningi, kodwa kuqala ekuhlanganiseni yayo amashumi eminyaka iziphathimandla ezifundeni angomakhelwane.

History of the isakhiwo

Nizhnekamsk HPP eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1979, lapho ukugcwaliswa ezingeni kwesigubhu ifinyelele ezingeni 62 m. Lelizinga Ingubuncane eyamukelekayo, ngoba kuqinisekisa umsebenzi kagesi kanye ukudlula imikhumbi ngokusebenzisa sivala. Reservoir Ugcwalise 78.000 amahektha ezungeze umhlaba, kodwa ukwakhiwa amandla kagesi ekuqaleni labelwe 173.000 amahektha ensimini ka yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia futhi Perm esifundeni. Ngaphambi ugcwalise ezizungezile ziye eyenziwa bathi isongelwa ukugawulwa kwawo, ukufuduka yezakhamuzi zendawo, ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye nezokuxhumana. I last (16 th ilandelana) iyunithi wethulwa 1987. Ngo-1990, iziphathimandla imisele yamanzi okuhloswe ayinyuse kwesigubhu 68 metres, okuyinto kwabangela igagasi imibhikisho izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene kwemvelo. Ngakho, ukuze baphakamise izinga akazange. Ezingeni 63,5 m NHRI ephakanyiswe kuphela 2002 ngesisekelo isivumelwano ngokuhlanganyela izifunda ezine.

Izinkinga ezihambisana ne kuyanda kwesigubhu ezingeni

Ngokusho imibhalo project, ezingeni kufanele kube ngezithuba 68 m. Nokho, manje-ke yikhasi eliphakathi nendawo, okwabangela izinkinga eziningi ngokuya ngemvelo futhi umnotho. Kusukela Nizhnekamsk HPP ikhiqiza amandla kancane, navigation nzima, futhi izakhiwo ubunjiniyela zokuzivikela waqala ukuwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, minyaka yonke kukhona izimbali zawo ziwukudla algal. 50% endaweni kwesigubhu ayijulile (ukujula ingazami ukufinyelela 2 m), okuyinto okuphikisana kwezinkambiso sanitary. Uma ayinyuse 68 metres, liyokhukhulwa inqwaba ezindaweni ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane.

ingozi

Ngo-2010, Nizhnekamsk HPP ukuqhuma, okuyinto kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe intuthu. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzi inkampani ezimbili babulawa, 10 - abalimele. Umthombo ukuqhuma kwase ezilimele compressor zokuvumelanisa ukumunca umoya ngoba izidingo sokuphehla amandla. Isizathu khona ukuvuza uwoyela, esagcina lishise futhi ixubene emoyeni. Nokho, ingozi akazange kuthinte umsebenzi ibhizinisi.

Okuwukuphela amandla plant e Tatarstan kuyinto Nizhnekamsk HPP. Chelny futhi Yelabuga kukhona osondele kulowo zokuhlala. HPP sekuqalile ukusebenza ngo-1979, kodwa kuze kube manje hhayi ifinyelele amandla design. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezingeni kwesigubhu ohlelweni kufanele sifinyelele 68 m, kodwa manje ezingeni 63,5 m. Nizhnekamsk HPP exhunywe kwi-Unified Energy Isimiso Sokuthungatha Indlela Russian Federation futhi ebalulekile engenisa umnotho ukuze esifundeni.