Nokunye okuningi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke: zokwenziwa iraba

Namuhla, zokwenziwa polymers anesikhundla ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwaso sonke isintu. Zisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke: kusukela izingubo, izitsha, amathoyizi ukuze izindiza, imicibisholo, izimoto. Futhi omunye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi kubalulekile ngoba eziningi izindawo eliyingqayizivele kuyinto zokwenziwa kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. Formula Analogue yemvelo has a isakhiwo njalo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo, zokwenziwa - okungajwayelekile.

Ukukhiqiza polymers yalolu hlobo ngezinga ezimbonini lwaqala ngokushesha ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II eJalimane neRussia. Butadiene iraba-sodium "Boone" eyakhishwa eJalimane. Futhi ngowokuqala lekufanele akhicitwe ngezinga ezimbonini Russia polybutadiene. Wakhe ezivezwa indlela polymerization anionic ketshezi butadiene athuthukile Lebedev S.

Ngemva kwempi, ngenxa yokuntuleka imikhiqizo yemvelo, zokwenziwa zinhlobo eseqala ukuveza e-United States. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube lokhu kukhululwa usuku izinto ezehlukene, okuncike zokwenziwa iraba, kanye imikhiqizo yonke iraba, sihlobana production ezinkulu. Izithuthi, aerospace kanye zezindiza, ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ubunjiniyela kagesi, imithi, izicathulo umkhakha, ezidayiswayo - ayikho kulezi izimboni lalingekho ngaphandle lokhu polymer esiyingqayizivele. ukusetshenziswa okunjalo okusakazekile kungenxa isethi eyingqayizivele izici ezingokomzimba futhi mechanical ezihlukahlukene ngerabha futhi rubbers okusekelwe kuzo.

iraba Zokwenziwa - kuyinto elastomer okuyiwona kuyaqina esingokwemvelo, ukumelana amanzi ukwahlukanisa kagesi izakhiwo. With ukusetshenziswa inqubo yokuhlanganisa polymers yalolu hlobo zingahlungwa zibe injoloba kanye ebonite.

Zonke izinto polymeric alesi sigaba ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka isicelo ku izinsini kwenjongo olukhethekile kanye nalolo olwejwayelekile. Zokwenziwa iraba inhloso jikelele - ingenye esibonakala by eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhiwo lobuchwepheshe kakhulu (eguquguqukayo, amandla, ukuqina, kanye nabanye.). jikelele injongo rubbers asetshenziswa ngempumelelo anhlobonhlobo imikhiqizo ye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, ngokuyinhloko ukuze amathayi. Lapha zihlanganisa butadiene, butadiene-methylstyrene, isoprene rubbers, futhi isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (butyl iraba).

iraba Zokwenziwa uhlale injongo ekhethekile noma eziningana ezahlukene esinye isici esiyingqayizivele ukuthi ihlinzeka ephezulu grade izidingo ezikhethekile ngokusebenza umkhiqizo izimo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, nitrile Kuyaziwa ngenxa yamafutha awo okusezingeni eliphezulu petrol nemithi. Fluorinated - kuyinto enhle kakhulu futhi gaskets nge high ukuzinza ezishisayo (200 ° C). Yaziwa polysulfide iraba zokwenziwa, vinylpyridine, urethanes, nezinye isobutylene halogenated.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu ukuhlukahluka izinto polymeric isakhiwo kanye izakhiwo, kuze kube manje, ukuthuthukiswa uyaqhubeka kule ndawo, ukuze bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo elikhulayo amakhasimende ezahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene.