"ISiphepho" (MRL). Russian MLRS 9K57 "iSiphepho"

Missile izikhali kusukela amaSoviet, futhi manje laseRussia liyaqhubeka abe nekhadi trump, hhayi kuphela yeenkhali, kodwa futhi ezingxoxweni ngamazwe.

Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kuza njalo. Lapho kubalulekile ezindabeni zansuku kohlelo ibutho esisheshayo volley umlilo. Omunye esivame kakhulu "iSiphepho". MLRS isakazeke emabuthweni ahlomile, kuba ezishibhile ngempela ukukhiqiza. Sikhishwe linokwethenjelwa futhi kube lula, akumangalisi ekuthambekeleni kwanamuhla nesimanje Armed Forces of the complex, omlando wakhe kuhlehlela emuva 60s kwekhulu elidlule!

Umlando sokudalwa

Kukholakala ukuthi bonke ukuthuthukiswa yasekhaya yalolu hlobo babe munye nomkhulu - MRL "Katyusha". Ngomqondo lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi yesimanje amaningi iziqhumane kukhona ngokuphelele ezahlukene kusukela eziyinkimbinkimbi edume.

Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside umhlahlandlela Abaklami yasekhaya ishiywe uhlelo lwezitimela: akuyikuba njengoba trajectory of the projectile etholwe kakhulu kabi amandla akhe, futhi ithuba ukushaja Kuhlangana impela high.

Futhi ngenxa yokuthi le ukhokho MRL 9k57 "iSiphepho" kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo ukubeka M-21b, okuyinto isifakwe ku isevisi ezikude ngonyaka 1963.

Naphezu izici ehloniphekile lokhu MLRS, amasosha akazange aneliseke ngokugcwele. Yingakho ngo-1963 Tula engena ukuze isimo ukuzivikela sokuthuthukiswa model entsha othembisayo, lapho kwakungekho kwamaphutha M-21b. Ukuze labo lempi kuchasiselwe unenkululeko iphansana, kanti lethality kwabasebenzi bayo projectile kwaba abanelisi. Ikhumbula eemfundweni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, lempi yethu isivele wayeliqonda kahle leli amakholomu isitha armored efiselekayo "gaya" ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nezidingo ke eminye esebenza intuthuko entsha kwaba isenzo ngempumelelo ngisho akhatshana kancane zempi.

Lapho ubheka ikusasa, siphawula ukuthi MLRS 9k57 "Uragan" abhekana ngayo nalesi msebenzi.

imidwebo

Kusukela ngo-1963 kuya ku-1964, izazi Tula CDB sizibandakanye Ucwaningo olunzulu umsebenzi wabo. Inkinga eyinhloko, okuyinto ke wema phambi kwabo kwaba ukusungulwa MRL, okwakuyoholela enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ashaye amandla ephapheme futhi embonini yezezimoto lesitha buqamama kwamakhilomitha angu-40.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi kuqhutshwa lezi zifundo, baba iphrojekthi "iSiphepho" azotholakala maphakathi no-1964. MLRS lolu hlobo Kusolwa ukunqotshwa lesitha at ibanga amakhilomitha 35. Inzuzo yayo kwaba maneuverability okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukukhiqiza volley kusukela isikhundla avaliwe futhi ukushiya ngaphandle kokuba sitholakale yisitha.

Ekupheleni kuka-1966 - e Tula waqala ukuqhuba umsebenzi ucwaningo emikhulu ekuseni ngo-1967 ku-amathemba lapho kwemukelwa khona uhlelo olusha ku-service. yi kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe umqondo ngokugcwele ezichazwe eyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganisa lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana nezici amagobolondo nemibandela yabo ukusetshenziswa.

Ngo-1970, i-Ministry of Industry ucele ukuthi uhlaka lokugcina le 9k57 entsha MRL "iSiphepho". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi ekusungulweni onjiniyela nososayensi akuyona kuphela omunye Tula. Ngakho, nasezindaweni ezizungeze eMoscow Isibhedlela Central Clinical benza ucwaningo olunzulu ukuqhumisa amacala futhi fuze izinhlelo. Kazan futhi wadala exosha icala projectile nge warhead ikhasethi hlobo.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini

Umfundi engaqaliwe Kungase kukumangaze ithathe isikhathi eside ukuthi umkhakha waseSoviet ukudalwa eyodwa kuphela sibonelo yalolu hlobo ubuchwepheshe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi nje wayengekho ngentuthuko ezinkulu kule ndawo. Ngenxa yalokho kokusebenza kanzima futhi ucwaningo ukuthi yayiqhutshelwa ezweni lonke design bureau, etholwe uhlelo eziyingqayizivele "ISiphepho." MLRS lena lisasebenza emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke.

Ikakhulukazi, kungasiza ukulwa ngisho Syria. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi ukuthi yasetshenziswa kule ucwaningo, isipho akuyona ncamashi phezu. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo esisheshayo efanayo "Smerch" multiple kwethulwa rocket yasungulwa bafakwa service esifishane isikhathi sibonga yokuthi share sengonyama kuzo zonke izibalo isilungile.

Ake ubuyele emuva kokuhlolwa. Ngo-1972, izazi enkantolo seyenziwe cishe eseqedile uhlelo sibonelo, okuyinto isidlulile zonke izivivinyo ukukhiqizwa. I izici eziyinhloko zazimi kanje:

• MRL ifakwe projectiles unguided kanye nohlobo ephezulu kuqhume ikhasethi okuyinto eyenziwa ku 80 105 khilogremu, ngokulandelana, we alufakwa.
• BM 9P140 okuyiwona namanje wanquma ukusebenzisa isigwebo ejwayelekile chassis Zil-135LM (ngenxa kushuba yokuntuleka amalungiselelo okusalungiswa zilandelwa chassis inqatshelwe).
• Umshini kokuthutha ukulayisha 9T452, okuyinto ibekwe phezu chassis okufanayo Zil-135LM.
• Lesi sakhiwo sinamagumbi kwemishini for ukukhanda kanye nokugcinwa imishini.

Factory dokatka wathatha kweminyaka embalwa, ngenxa okuyinto wamanje kwavela "iSiphepho". MLRS lokhu ngo-1974 kwadingeka mayelana nokusebenza izici efanayo esikhathini samanje. Ekugcineni, ngo-1976, lesi sakhiwo wagcina wamukelwe inkonzo.

iminyaka amabili abehlome ngezibhamu aphange uhlukane amaphutha amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalesi sikhathi ochwepheshe baye basungula izinhlobo ezintsha futhi ethembisa eziningana amagobolondo.

Yini izingxenye zifakwe eziyinkimbinkimbi siphelile?

• 9P140 ukulwa imoto uqobo.
• Umshini yokushaja ezokuthutha 9T452 amagobolondo.
• amacala esisheshayo.
• Isisetshenziswa othomathikhi control umlilo nokulungisa 1V126 "Skit-B."
• Izimali zokufundisa abaqeqeshwayo kule izimo eduze lokulwa.
• Umshini intelligence 1T12-2M sezwe topographic.
• Inxanxathela ngenxa yokuhlonipha lesi siqondiso-ngithola nocwaningo izimo zezulu 1B44.
• Setha i-nokugcinwa nokulungiswa imishini 9F381.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke izinhlelo liphindwe kabili, kangangokuthi ngisho kulimaze kubo noma ukukhutshazwa ephelele ayebulawe akusona isithiyo enkonzweni ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye eyinhloko imisebenzi engenziwa ngesandla.

Powerplant

Umshini kunyakaza kuholele injini ezimise-V ezimbili Zil-375YA, ngamunye wabo 180 l. a. Amasondo ezinhlangothini eliqhutshwa injini yayo, yiba ezizimele kanye adlulisele futhi drivetrain. Esikhathini eksisi lokuqala neyesine amasondo elawulwa zixhunywe.

Umshini ifakwe hhayi kuphela central ohlelweni lokuqapha isondo-ingcindezi, kukhona kungenzeka lokuvula othomathikhi ekuhambeni. Emazinga nesivinini izici zinhle kakhulu. Ngesinye uligcwalise Ungaqhubeka cishe 600 km, enikeza isivinini phezulu 65 km / h. amanzi Machine Onqobayo kalula izithiyo 1.2 m ukujula ngaphandle ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa on ukubala kanye ukulayisha

Ngo sokuthula, ukubala ayabelwe abantu abane: umlawuli imoto, umdubuli kambayimbayi kanye pair of bomlilo, abaphethe isiqondiso bhukwana kanye nokugcinwa. Ngesikhathi sempi, iqembu anda abantu abayisithupha, kusukela eziningi imisebenzi kufanele kwenziwe ngesandla.

Njengoba sekushiwo, Haulage ukulayisha amagobolondo zenziwa nge umshini 9T452 ekhethekile, elakhiwa phezu chassis efanayo. Umshini ngamunye hhayi kuphela ithwala 16 imicibisholo, kodwa futhi ibanikeze imishini ngaphandle impahla eyengeziwe. Inqubo ngomshini ngokugcwele, kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kuka-14. Ezisetshenzisiwe TZM crane angasetshenziswa ukuthi siphakamise imithwalo afinyelela ku-300 kg.

Phela, lo ukusetshenziswa efanayo futhi kwethulwa amaningi rocket uhlelo "Grad".

imishini Izinsiza kusebenza ukushaja

Imishini ihlanganisa ukushaja kakhulu umshini uzimele zokuthutha yezikhali ezicitshwayo, rammer, crane kanye ukuphakamisa izinqola zokudla. inkantolo ehlukene, ekuthatheni projectiles eyenziwa ngumuntu "izimpiko" ehlukile opharetha. Yonke imisebenzi dosylka amagobolondo, ujike impompi itoho amalungiselelo enziwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ungakwazi ngesandla afeze, uma kunesidingo.

Rammer yena - umhlahlandlela obukhethekile indlela pusher, okuyinto wind round endaweni efanele. Nge indlela elula nephumelelayo ezikhonjelwe ukulumbana opharetha ethathelwa isidingo ngesandla unamathisele ungumqondisi rammer. Zonke Mechanics ukusebenza ngemoto kagesi kanye nama-generator okuyizinto ezizimele ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabo akudingeki ukusebenzisa motor eyinhloko umshini.

amagobolondo esetshenziswa

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikhathini esiningi onjiniyela bangiphuca hhayi ukuklama chassis, kanye kudalwa izinhlobo ezintsha amagobolondo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi design yabo kwaba ezinezithelo kakhulu. Ngakho, kuze kube u-90% idatha -established yasetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni izinhlelo "Smerch" ngempumelelo.

Ngenxa yalokho zokuhlolwa eziningi idaliwe lasiphohlongo nobe layimfica izinhlobo ezinkulu amagobolondo. Okwamanje, ezinye zazo azisetshenziswa njengoba kwathathelwa indawo onobuhle ezintsha. Abaningi babo ihlukaniswa.

Okuvame kakhulu kwakuyisimo projectile 9M27F ifakwe ezivamile ephezulu alufakwa kwehlukana warhead. Kuyinto jikelele, senzelwe ukubhujiswa kokubili izisebenzi isitha kanye izimoto zempi. Ungqimba we alufakwa kg 49 kuphela lapho projectile isisindo ingqikithi 180 kg.

Nge cishe imvamisa efanayo uhlelo esisheshayo "iSiphepho" brand isebenzisa amacala 9M27K submunitions ifakwe baye "eyayigcwele" oluxube abatelekile. Ziyakwazi ephumelela kakhulu ekulweni elihamba isitha kanye nemishini ukukhanya.

Projectile ngokwayo ukala mayelana 271 kg, equkethe izakhi 30 Ukhiye. Ngamunye wabo - ku izingxenye 350 eshaya nge alufakwa. Ngisho at ibanga amamitha 100 kusukela ekuqhumeni izwibela projectile lihlaba kalula 2mm eyohlobo izinga steel.

efanayo kakhulu kule imodeli icala 9M27K1 futhi isebenzisa ingxenye cassette nge sebuningini submunitions. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi izakhi uhlukanisa (futhi izingcezu-30) uma ishaya phansi eminye ngena ngokuphindwe kayishumi okwandisa lesion ndawo. Ikakhulukazi, okufanayo ifakwe kwethulwa amaningi rocket uhlelo "Tornado", aka "Tornado."

Okwavelela eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuziqhenya wangempela abaklami kuyinto 9M27K2 igobolondo eyenzelwe ukufakwa eqhelile anti-tank minefields. Isebenzisa ejwayelekile anti-tank ezimayini PTM-1. Kokunye projectile 24 ezimayini. Ziklanyelwe ukufakwa lula izithiyo lapho ehlasela amathangi isitha. Hallmark imiz wukuthi ngemuva kwamahora 3.4, bona azibhubhise, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukuvumela ukuhlasela siqu ithangi ingxenye.

Cishe ngenjongo efanayo yasungulwa 9M27K3. Umehluko wukuthi lisebenzisa ezimayini PFM-1S zenzelwe ukubhubhisa isitha Manpower. Kokunye projectile kuqukethwe ku 312 Landmines. Volley omunye umshini ihlanganisa amahektha 60. Mangisho ukuthi lena isikhali esiyingozi kakhulu. "ISiphepho" ukuthi kungenzeka ukufakwa akude egcwele ka minefields phambi kwesitha wathola eziningi Izibuyekezo kakhulu e-Afghanistan.

Ikakhulukazi kubhidlizwe isitha ebiyelweyo izinto ukuzivikela wadala 9M51 missile. Le ngxenye ikhanda ifakwe alufakwa ketshezi, senzelwe ukuqhuma thermobaric. Ububi le imodeli wukuthi esiphezulu labadubuli uhla ingeqi 13 km.

Igobolondo 9M27C - incendiary. Ngokukhethekile yakhelwe uyaca kuyinto Manpower hhayi kuphela isitha, kodwa futhi ingxenye ebalulekile impahla (izimoto e hangars, emafektri nge imishini).

Njengoba singabona, amaningi kwethulwa rocket izinhlelo (sokuthi kubuyekezwe omunye wabo okusesihlokweni esithi) ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukuze zimboze elihamba kugxilile noma ubuchwepheshe ezisendleleni, kodwa futhi ukubhekana nezinhloso ezicashile kanye yesikhathi eside.

Perspectives Modern kanye sesimanje izinhlelo

Njengoba sesifundile ngokuphindaphindiwe, le ngokwayo eziyinkimbinkimbi njalo iyathuthukiswa, ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezintsha amagobolondo. Namuhla, kwethulwa amaningi uhlelo rocket "iSiphepho" imele ahlomile ehamba ngezinqola ngisho ibutho Yemen, ingasaphathwa bonke ababekade CIS. UMnyango Wezokuvikela zonyaka nokulethwa kanye nokugcinwa lwalezi nhlelo emhlabeni wonke, ukuze yokuntuleka ukuthandwa ngempela ukwenqaba.

Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu base-Ukraine wahlupheka MRL ku chassis ka KrAZ-6322.

ukulwa isicelo

Nge kugqashuka impi ngo-Afghanistan is kuxoxa esihle MRL ikufakazele ezimweni ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphindaphindiwe uye wasebenzisa lempi laseSiriya emuva 1980 lapho izingxabano eziningi no-Israyeli. Lesi simiso ngokuphindaphindiwe esetshenziswa amabutho ethu ahlomile ngokumelene emthethweni nabezempi kuhlonyiwe Chechnya.

Njengoba Bathi ngokwabo empini ngesikhathi sokugcina kwethulwa amaningi rocket uhlelo lolu hlobo isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngesikhathi izenzakalo nedumela elibi Georgia 2008.

Ayini amathemba?

Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi i-MLRS "iSiphepho" manje kancane yisikhathi. Isizathu Kuyaphawuleka ngoba kugomela, ukuthi ububanzi esiphezulu ukuhlulwa isitha sika incane - km 35 kuphela. Kungokufanayo "Smerch" kakade unika 80-90 amakhilomitha.

Kodwa lapha kubalulekile aveza iphuzu elibalulekile. Iqiniso lokuthi injongo yalezi izinhlelo namanje ezahlukene. Hhayi ukuba projectiles udidekile osezingeni 200 mm, nabalingani bawo base-300 mm. I last (for the "Cyclone") akuyona kuphela ezinkulu, kodwa futhi olunesisindo esikhudlwana lwaluba kakhulu. Ubude wabo imitha noma ngaphezulu ngakho kunobukaJohane "ISiphepho." Ngakho, isikhathi abantu imali eningi futhi ukulwa ukuthunyelwa kudinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngaphezulu.

Kodwa "Hurricanes" kukhona enye esihle bendabuko imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo wezikhali. howitzers Ngisho self ezinezinjini (njengokuthi "MSTA-S") kokudubula ngaphakathi 13-30 km, futhi umphumela amagobolondo babuthakathaka kakhulu. MRL futhi ivumela uhlelo esifushane kakhulu isikhathi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ebulalayo ngobuqotho.

Omunye ibhethri (izimoto eziyisithupha), enamandla okubhubhisa umlomo armored eziningana noma "imbewu" ngisho namakhulu esingamahektare antitank noma anti-izisebenzi zasezimayini.

Kukhona ihaba ukuthi ukugcinwa kwamakhilomitha izinguqulo imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo MLRS ebizayo kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, futhi ukuqeqeshwa opharetha kuthatha isikhathi esiningi.

Iyathuthukiswa, izinhlelo esisheshayo ka Salvo umlilo "iSiphepho" hhayi kuphela ukuthola okuqondiswe ezintsha kanye nesimiso sokuqondisa ilitshe, kodwa futhi kungaba ligalelo ne UAV. Okwamanje, Russian ibutho elihlomile kuhlanganisa abaningi unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni, ukuze lokhu kwenzeke akuyona neze engadingekile.

Kafushane, lezi zinhlelo namanje kunikwa ematfuba lamanyenti.