"Njengoba iThire '- a yomphindwa inethiwekhi: izinzuzo, nebubi

Coming ezihlukahlukene izinkampani, kungenzeka ukuba adonsele ukunakekela yokuthi inethiwekhi kukhona ongakasetshenzwa ngezindlela eziningi - ngezinye izikhathi wasebenzisa "inkanyezi" endaweni ethile - "indandatho", futhi endaweni ethile - "isondo". I yomphindwa kwenethiwekhi ngempela kakhulu ukuthonywa izinga nesivinini ukushintshanisa kwe-data phakathi kwamakhompyutha, kodwa abaningi zinokungazi izinzuzo ezinkulu nemibi indlela ngayinye.

Kuyini lokhu?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu khetho yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi namuhla, igama elithi "yomphindwa" akagcini ngokunikeza ubuchwepheshe "isondo". I yomphindwa inethiwekhi kumane inyunyana amakhompyutha ambalwa e inethiwekhi, ngakho-ke kungenziwa ngokuthi i efanayo samuntu imiqondo ezifana ukucushwa noma isakhiwo kunethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wegama elithi "yomphindwa" kuphetha inqwaba imithetho ukucacisa nokubekwa amakhompyutha, cabling ubuchwepheshe kanye ukuthunyelwa imishini yezokuxhumana, kanye eziningi nezinye izinto.

Kungaba yini?

Kuze kube manje, kwakukhona ongakhetha ezintathu esiyinhloko ekubumbaneni ezinjalo amakhompyutha - "inkanyezi", "indandatho" futhi "wesitimela". I yomphindwa esimweni ngasinye lihlukile abanye futhi has izici zayo siqu kanye nezinzuzo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi le mininingwane ngaphambi kokusebenzisa inethiwekhi phakathi amakhompyutha into ethile.

"Njengoba iThire '

Ngokusho ubuchwepheshe, "ibhasi" yomphindwa sihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa ikhebuli olulodwa, elihlanganiswa nomunye asetshenziselwa zonke workstations.

Ngakho, ikhebuli olulodwa isetshenziswa esiteshini badedelane futhi yonke imilayezo ethunyelwe lezi iziteshi kungenziwa wathola futhi walalela iyiphi ikhompyutha okungukuthi kunethiwekhi. Kule ukugeleza zonke workstations ukhethe kuphela lezo nemilayezo ekuqaleni ziqondiswe kubo.

Ziyini izinzuzo?

Izinzuzo yomphindwa "isondo" yilena elandelayo:

• Ilungiselelo ezinzima elula kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi amandla.
• Uhlelo ilula ngempela ukufaka futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kubangela izindleko okungenani wezimali, uma zonke workstations zitholakala ibangana phakathi kwazo.
• Uma amakhefu noma siqala ukuchaza noma yimaphi esiteshini esithile kunethiwekhi, bonke abanye uqhubeke ukusebenzisa njengakuqala ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Yiziphi bokwenza?

Kukhona futhi yokuntula yomphindwa "isondo":

• Uma inkinga kwenzeka kunoma iyiphi indawo, kweso ahlahlele yonke inethiwekhi ngokuphelele.
• Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu nzima ukuthola izinkinga, kufanele lapho kuphakama isidingo.
• ukusebenza Pretty ompofu kuqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-yomphindwa kwenethiwekhi "isondo" banephupho ukudluliswa ngesikhathi esisodwa idatha kusuka computer eyodwa kuphela, futhi uma inani elifanayo iziteshi umsebenzi kwandisa, ukusebenza kunciphe parallel inethiwekhi ecashile.
• Akukuhle kakhulu scalability. Ukwengeza workstation entsha, kudingeka esikhundleni izigaba isivele iyasetshenziswa "amathayi".

Kuyinto kwezobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi yendawo isebenzisa ikhebula coaxial. Kulokhu, njengoba "isondo" izingxenye esetshenziswa of ikhebula coaxial, lohlanganisiwe phakathi ukwehluleka usebenzisa T-izixhumi. "Njengoba iThire 'selibekiwe ngokuphelele phesheya ikamelo, bese uxhuma ekhompyutheni ngalinye, kanye okukhipha ohlangothini isixhumi ufakwa isixhumi ogibele ikhadi inethiwekhi.

Ngenxa yokuthi imishini esinjalo sesikhona kakade sesiphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi okwandile inethiwekhi yomphindwa "inkanyezi", "ibhasi" cishe akazange asebenzise, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku ingatholakala amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene.

"I Ring"

"Ring" zimele yomphindwa we inethiwekhi yendawo, owawuthi zonke workstations ahlukahlukene kuhlanganiswe ndawonye uchungechunge, ukwakha umbuthano zivalekile. Encwadini yenethiwekhi, idatha adluliswa komunye esiteshini umsebenzi kwenye ohlangothini olulodwa, lapho ikhompyutha ngayinye isebenza njengoba repeater, enza umlayezo retransmission elandelayo, kanjalo zakha isimiso uhlobo baton. uhlelo ezinjalo kakade ungahlobene nalokho iyona yomphindwa ka "ibhasi ezivamile", ngakho-ke has a lot of izici zayo kanye nezinzuzo.

Ziyini izinzuzo?

• Ezamakhompiyutha umane networked.
• Cishe asikho isidingo ukusebenzisa imishini eyengeziwe.
• Kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele operation esitebeleni ngaphandle appreciable idatha isivinini falling ukusakaza sina inethiwekhi umthwalo.
• Noma yimuphi workstation okumele asetshenziswe elibonakalayo idatha ukudluliswa inqubo, futhi uma ikhefu okungenani computer eyodwa noma endaweni ethile kuzonqamula ikhebula, lonke uhlelo ngeke ziyeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele.
• Uma uyobe kokuxhuma workstation entsha, inethiwekhi kudingeke ukuthi uvale ngesikhathi esithile, ngoba idinga ukuvula iringi ngesikhathi ukufakwa imishini emisha.
• Uhlelo kunalokho ukumisa eziyinkimbinkimbi nezilungiselelo.
• Esimweni iphutha elithile ngisho izazi kunzima ngempela ukuthola Kanti ziyini ngempela inkinga.

Yiziphi bokwenza?

Mayelana nalezi ezingezinhle namuhla kaningi ngakho wathola ukusebenzisa yomphindwa indandatho, futhi ngokuvamile iningi kwenzeka fiber-optic amanethiwekhi Token Ring ejwayelekile.

"Inkanyezi"

Uma workstation axhumene ngqo unit central, okuyinto router noma inkinobho ongakhonza lokhu yomphindwa "inkanyezi." "Ibhasi 'siye sathathelwa indawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lobu buchwepheshe ethile, njengoba has a ukusebenza nangaphezulu kahle. Lobu buchwepheshe sihlinzekela ukuphathwa wonke amaphakethe e unit central inethiwekhi ehamba ngqo nekhompyutha ngamunye ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ikhadi ayo uxhunywe kule inkinobho ngokuphelele ikhebula ehlukile.

Uma kunesidingo, zingahlanganiswa zibe munye amanethiwekhi amaningi usebenzisa yomphindwa kuchazwe, lapho umphumela uba ukumiswa kwenethiwekhi kokuba yomphindwa esihlahleni. Isihlahla yomphindwa kwasakazwa inhlangano enkulu, kodwa elinesimo eziningi izici zayo futhi ubuqili kokusebenza.

Topology "inkanyezi" of namuhla isetshenziswa njengesisekelo ukwakhiwa cishe wonke amanethiwekhi wendawo, futhi ikakhulu, lena umphumela wenombolo izinzuzo lobu buchwepheshe networking amakhompyutha.

Ziyini izinzuzo?

• Uma aphule noma iliphi esiteshini ethize (noma ikhebula yayo lilimele), umsebenzi nje, wonke inethiwekhi asithinteki, okungukuthi, lonke elinye imishini Sizoqhubeka nokusebenza stably.
• scalability Excellent. Ukuze uxhume workstation entsha, udinga nje ukubeka ikhebula esihlukene inkinobho.
• Vele zingatholakala, bese uxazulule noma iyiphi amakhefu e inethiwekhi.
• Kakhulu ukusebenza high, ikakhulu lapho uqhathaniswa izinketho efanayo yomphindwa.
• kalula esiphelele isethaphu kanye nokuphathwa zonke izinto.
• Inethiwekhi kungaba kalula ukwakha kumadivayisi angeziwe.
• Uma sinqamukile inkinobho emaphakathi, lonke network iyayeka ukusebenza.
• Ukusebenzisa hardware inethiwekhi, udinga ukwaba izindleko ezengeziwe, njengoba kudinga ukuthengwa idivayisi ehlukile, okuzokwenza ukuxhuma yonke amakhompyutha ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi.
• Isibalo workstations kungagcini inani nezimbobo asetshenziswe inkinobho emaphakathi.

Yiziphi bokwenza?

Kuze kube yimanje, "nkanyezi," ubuchwepheshe ezivamile amanethiwekhi lanamuhla yezintambo noma engenantambo. Njengoba isibonelo, a yomphindwa inkanyezi zingamela inethiwekhi usebenzisa ikhebuli ezifana "pair basonta", kanye switch, okuyinto idivayisi emaphakathi. Kuyinto lezi amanethiwekhi namuhla ngokuvamile ingatholakala iningi labantu izinkampani.

Topology nalokho okukushoyo

I yomphindwa inethiwekhi ukunquma hhayi kuphela indawo ebonakalayo ye-computer, kodwa, okubaluleke, inikeza ubunjalo ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo, kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene isignali esiphelweni ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi. Lokho ubunjalo zokuxhumana lungacacisa elingakanani inethiwekhi iphutha-ukubekezela, futhi ukufunda yinkimbinkimbi edingekayo imishini inethiwekhi kanye ehambisana kakhulu zokuxhumana ukulawula indlela, kanye neminye imingcele eminingi. Uma izincwadi kubhekwa yomphindwa amanethiwekhi wendawo "ibhasi" noma ezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe ukuthi ungahlinzekela imiqondo ezine ezihlukene ngokuphelele ezihlobene izinhlobo ezahlukene inethiwekhi izakhiwo :

• Physical - ilungiselelo computer futhi kubekwa izintambo usihlanganisa. Ngale ndlela yokwenziwa "inkanyezi" akanayo umehluko phakathi esebenzayo, ngokuqondene okuyinto ubuchwepheshe ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi".
• Elinengqondo - isakhiwo ubudlelwano, kanye nendlela lapho amasignali zabiwa ngenethiwekhi. Le ncazelo of yomphindwa, mhlawumbe, angabizwa ngokuthi ilungile kakhulu.
• Exchange control - isimiso, kanye nokulandelana ukudluliselwa ilungelo sokuqeda noxhumo lenethiwekhi phakathi kwamakhompyutha ethize.
• Imininingwane - isiqondiso kolwazi, okuyinto adluliswa ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi.

Ngokwesibonelo, inethiwekhi kokuba ngokomzimba futhi okunengqondo yomphindwa "isondo" format lingasetshenziswa njengoba control edluliselwe yokudlulisela network amalungelo ubuchwepheshe bamba, futhi unikeze ukudluliswa kanyekanye idatha ngokusebenzisa ikhompyutha ethile ozinikele. Futhi kuba "inkanyezi" ubuchwepheshe leyonto equkethwe.