Noravank Isigodlo, Armenia: incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kule ndawo emangalisayo Armenia, Noravank Isigodlo, kumele uvakashele owakhileyo ezweni ngalinye. Lapha, konke okuphefumulayo umlando, kuyoba mnandi izivakashi nezihambi khona.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-13 esakhiweni zikhona izenzakalo eziningi zifakwe indaba ezingokomoya nezamasiko abantu Armenia, futhi isikhathi eside ngaphambi ukubonakala eziyinkimbinkimbi isivele ehlala abantu futhi kwakukhona obuKristu.

Noravank umhosha

Noravank wezindela Armenia uphakathi zigodi surreal, futhi bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo akuyona ngaphansi omuhle ukwedlula ezungezile. Izivakashi kule ndawo Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi sezindela sasendulo, umlando walo, kanye nemvelo ngendlela engakholeki.

Gorge ezakhiwe kwekhabhoni-mlilo. Lena Nook intombi. Kunezindlela eziningi emigedeni, ugxuma. Lapha, izitshalo eliyingqayizivele nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Esikhathini ensungubezini kukhona rose ezingavamile zasendle, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni isidleke nezingwe bukhoma zaseCaucasia, nelulwane amakoloni. endaweni yemvelo evikelwe nguhulumeni.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izicathulo endala itholwe la madwala liyalondolozwa ngokuphelele wenza njengoba ososayensi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5,000 edlule, abakushoyo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, Armenia baye bakhiqiza izicathulo eziqinile, balandela leli siko namuhla.

Nokho lezi zintaba lidumile rock abaqwali, abajabulela lapha kokunqotshwa izindonga mpo.

A hambo oluthakazelisayo e Noravank

Ziningi izindlela indlela leya Noravank wezindela Armenia, esemgwaqweni eduze nedolobha Yeghegnadzor. Ibizwa nangokuthi Amaghu Noravank.

Izivakashi lapha ukuvakasha amabhasi, kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba abone amazwe kusuka Yerevan ku imoto yakho akuthathi amahora angaphezu kwelilodwa nengxenye. Ingxenye komgwaqo, mayelana 8 km, ligijima le umhosha, ngomfula. Lapha iyama inhliziyo ekwesabeni injabulo njengoba badlule phakathi amawa obomvu emaweni futhi badedelane emaweni. Endleleni, ngokuvamile izindawo amazing lapho ufuna ukumisa bese ukuphuma njengokungathi sijabulela indawo enhle.

Isigodlo ihlinzeka umoya onokuthula ephefumlelwe. Eduze cafe "ensimini yase-Edene" kuyinto drive ngomzuzu-5 ngezansi komgwaqo.

Umlando ukuvela kwezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi

Umlando walo Noravank wezindela Armenia, elise km 120 kusukela Yerevan, ubophekile ukuba Bishop Hovhannes, owakhetha kule ndawo ukuba kuhle ngokumangalisayo ukuze episcopate e 1205.

Ngaphambili, lapho besikhona esontweni lasendulo kuyiphi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona lingamanxiwa. Igama eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi elihunyushwe - "New Monastery".

Noma ubani ehambela uzizwa amandla akhethekile umusa kule ndawo, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka baye banikeza emithandazweni kuNkulunkulu.

Ngakusasa amabili eminyaka kusukela esikhathini base babe intuthuko nokuchuma. Orbelian ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini, owabusa ngesikhathi, eyasungulwa lapha sokuhlala kwakhe, Isigodlo wenza izikhungo ebalulekile ekuphileni okungokomoya namasiko, eyakhelwe uhlobo Crypt lapha. Isigodlo babesondelene nge Gladzor University nakwezinye izikhungo zemfundo langaleso sikhathi.

indima Noravank emlandweni Armenia

Armenia Isonto endulo esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni impilo ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe zezwe, ekuphileni okungokomoya kwabantu. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi indaba, emasontweni elihunyushwe bese elingisa yesandla eminingi. Noravank sidilizwa wezindela Armenia, njengabanye abaningi, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele bokwakhiwa ephakathi, kuyinto yeTestamente kuya impilo yobuKristu wabantu Armenia lapho sesikhulile.

Noravank yayiyisikhungo yangempela yamasiko Armenia, esikhundleni sakhe akhethiwe ukuphila futhi asebenza kangcono Armenia izibalo KweNkathi Ephakathi, eyayibonakala kamuva wangcwatshwa lapha. Phakathi kwabo - esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe esidumile futhi izifundo zenkolo Stepanos Orbelyan waziwa kakhulu izincwadi zakhe, wezakhiwo Momik sezindela.

sezindela Isakhiwo

Armenia ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13, uhlaselwe amaMongol. Uma Isigodlo yaphinde yakhiwa, kwathiwa beguduza ngokuphelele. Futhi kuphela ngenxa yokuthi isikhulu Elikum Orbelian wakwazi uphetha kuthula kanye Aga Khan, isikhathi kuzolile kuze ukuhlasela okuzayo Timurid.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba nezimpi ngokuphindaphindiwe phansi amasonto nezakhiwo yezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka useluleme njalo.

Izakhiwo kanye isonto eyinkimbinkimbi Noravank

Kukhona ibandla elincane Surb Karapet (St uJohane uMbhapathizi), okuyinto kuqala yakhiwa kuleli sezindela. Yakhiwa ku eko kwekhulu nantathu yoMntwana Orbelian Lipari. Dome laso libhujiswa izikhathi eziningana ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba, isikhathi eside wama lingamanxiwa. Idume isithombe engavamile kaNkulunkulu uBaba. Isonto liye babuyiselwe abanikeli izimali. Chapel kwesikhathi ibandla enamathiselwe Surb Grigor (St Gregory).

Phakathi nokubusa Prince Burtela e Noravank sezindela e-Armenia ngo 1339 Yakhiwa esontweni-ethuneni uhlobo Orbelian Astvatsatsin (Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary).

It has sesibili, futhi Uma uthanda ukukhuphuka izitebhisi ewumngcingo ngaphandle isimo ezisebenza ngaphezulu ukuthi izingozi ungalilahli wonke umuntu, khona-ke kuzoholela indlwana nge insimbi. Ngenhla emnyango kuyinto enhle esiqoshiwe sase-esibonisa Virgin Ubusisiwe, Ingane ne eziyinhloko, ingosi ye esitezi sesibili - noJesu. Kuyathakazelisa isixazululo yayo ubunjiniyela: Dome esime a Isigaxa isekelwa 12 amakholomu.

khachkars

khachkars Noravank Armenia idume ngobuhle okungavamile, ezinye zazo wanqunywa Momik nabafundi bakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe bathonywa amasiko Gothic naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Basuke elalinikezelwe Ukuvuswa Kristu, UnguNina KaNkulunkulu felukholo ongcwele.

Khachkars e-Armenia kudlala indima ekhethekile. Lena ikonografika eyinqaba e itshe: zenziwa nge umfanekiso St George ukunikeza isibindi amasosha, uMariya nge usana Kristu ukubusisa indlu nokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona nazo efakwe njengoba izikhumbuzo.

Igama elithi "cross-amatshe" kusho ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi "isiphambano" futhi "idwala" nakutjhugululwako. Baqopha iziphambano, imifanekiso engcwele, futhi bonke ubuso ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso amaphethini ukuthi ujike itshe ku lace. yezithakazelo ezigxilile zababazi abanekhono khazimulisa ezweni labo, khachkars abaningi izikhumbuzo ukubaluleka izwe.

Noravank futhi Momik

Ukuzinikela kwabo ngendlela ebalulekile emlandweni nokuthuthukiswa sezindela wenza umculi omkhulu and umklami Momik, kuqoshwe igama lakhe elisho ukuthi "ikhandlela" emlandweni imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko e-Armenia.

Wazalwa endaweni Vayots Dzormskoy. Bishop Stepanos Orbelyan waphawula Momik ithalente futhi wammema ukuba ahlanganyele emsebenzini ku ukwakhiwa kanye nomklamo eyinkimbinkimbi sezindela. Ngo-2010, uhulumeni wase-Armenia wanquma ukusungula Museum e Noravank Momik ukuba unyaka wayo 750th.

Njengoba umfundi monk Ovasapa, Momik wayenalo ulwazi enkulukazi inkolo, wayesazi isiGreki.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-Armenia Momik usebenza Noravank abangu eyinkimbinkimbi ezibaziweyo khachkars, bas-imifanekiso, izithombe eziqoshiwe kuvulandi.

Wayengumuntu umakhi kanye umdwebi ibandla St Astvatsatsin. Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe agcinwa Matenadaran e Yerevan.

Ikhumbule Noravank Momik ukusungulwa ahlonishwe of khachkars, kodwa abalandeli bakhe uyigcine izinhliziyo zabo - kangaka ubuhle edala ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe, abasebenza ngaphakathi dalo of eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela at Noravank.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwadamba ukuphila kanye wesivunguvungu Noravank. Ukuthula futhi icula amazwi i- izivakashi, zihamba restorers. Kodwa yayo ohlukile nobuhle, umsebenzi kanye nothando etshaliwe kuwo Abadali, thola i-echo ezinhliziyweni besikhathi sakhe. Bona ngesithakazelo esikhulu uqhubeke ukuvakashela futhi simangalele Noravank wezindela Armenia.