Okuncane isabelomali umthengi zomkhaya abantu 4. Umqondo we ubuncane isabelomali umthengi nokubaluleka kwalo. Yini kubhajethi umthengi ubuncane?

Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, kusukela le mibuso eminingi yasendulo futhi ukuvela izikhungo zezombangazwe nezomnotho emphakathini wesimanje, ulwazi mayelana isimo sabantu kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokho-ke ibonisa izinga ukuthuthukiswa isimo.

isikhathi okusha - imiqondo emisha

Ukuthuthukiswa emphakathini wanamuhla ubephelezelwa ukuvela tikhungo tetenhlalo netemnotfo. Njengoba sihambisana nale uhlelo okuthuthukisiwe ukuhlaziya emazinga ekuphila. izidingo Kuphela bokuphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulandela kamuva, futhi esifundeni nezidingo ezivamile sabantu waphuma endaweni yokuqala. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 useshintshe iphrofayela zenhlalakahle kanye lokubala ubuningi babantu le planethi, kwenyuswe umkhiqizo nemfundo yabantu. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba kwavela izidingo qualitatively entsha ekuhloleni izimo zokuphila labantu. Kufika isikhathi yezimpi ezinkulu futhi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukuhlolwa isimo kwezenhlalo lalikhulela ukubaluleka kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Njengoba sekunama-kwezibalo, lwezenhlalo, izindlela ezintsha zezibalo welithi "lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila" ifinyelele ezingeni elisha.

amazinga ayisisekelo okusebenzelana nabanye abantu

Namuhla, lezi zibandakanya:

• umholo ophansi kakhulu kanye nezinzuzo ukukhubazeka (isikhathi), abangasebenzi isinxephezelo izakhamuzi enamandla, impesheni zomphakathi nokwenza imisebenzi labakhubazekile, abakhubazekile, abadala.
• Scholarship for abafundi, eyodwa-off noma izinkokhelo njalo imiphakathi engenayo ephansi.

Bebonke bakha isimiso sotsgaranty ubuncane. isofthiwe yabo - nejoka isimo. Umphakathi unelungelo ukwamukela ukwenyuselwa amaholo, impesheni zabasebenzi, Imihlomulo yomshuwalense, kuhlanganise izinzuzo ukugula, ukuswela umsebenzi, ukunakekelwa ingane isencane, womama nokunye, kanye okudingekayo amasevisi khulula emkhakheni isiko, ezempilo kanye nezemfundo. Umnyombo Inqubomgomo isimo womphakathi khulumela amaholo abonakalayo. Nge kumelwe ukuxhumana zonke ezinye iziqinisekiso yomphakathi namazinga.

Consumables-izimali: ulwazi olujwayelekile, ngezigaba

Kumiswa izihloko futhi ukuqhathanisa yabo okwalandela Kubalulekile ukuphathwa ngempumelelo kwanoma iyiphi umnotho. Ngokusho imiphumela kuphothulwe ngokuthi, ngendlela okunokwenzeka ngayo imisebenzi ezinengqondo futhi ewusizo, futhi yini edingekayo ukuze wenze izinguquko ukuze kulungiswe isimo. Ngokuhambisana degree of ukwaneliseka izidingo ababonakali ngezikhundla:

• Okuncane isabelomali umthengi. Wenziwe ngokuya izidingo izidingo zansuku zonke.
• Ibhajethi okunengqondo. Lapho ezilandelwayo izindleko zayo kuthathwe langempela futhi izimali, kanye nezinkomba lisuselwa imibono yesayensi ezisekelwe ngezidingo kanye nemithetho wokusabalalisa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usethe ukuphambuka Isabelomali ukusetshenziswa langempela. Kusebenza njengomnyombo Umhlahlandlela okhombisa ukuthi yini okufanele ukusatshalaliswa izimpahla ezibalulekile "kuhle".
• isabelomali Elite. Wenziwe amaqembu abahola kakhulu.

It is kabanzi isabelomali umthengi ubuncane. Siqukethe, njengoba umthetho, labo phila ngakhethi yasendlini. Ngokwesibonelo, umthengi isabelomali esincane zomkhaya 4 yitafula. Kwenye konke izimali atholakale isikhathi othize, kanye nezinye - izindleko ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okunye indlela senziwa isabelomali isilinganiso. Kulokhu engenayo kanye nezindleko kukhona ezomhlaba kazwelonke. Lokhu ucabangela kubhasikidi somthengi. Futhi isabelomali esincane umthengi, futhi ngokwesilinganiso, futhi ngempela uzilungiselele ngokuhambisana idatha izibalo etholwe ngokuhamba izifundo ezikhethekile imali kanye nezindleko. Njengomthetho, isifundo Kwenziwa yonke ikota. Okuncane umthengi Isabelomali Russian Federation senziwa ngokusho izifundo imininingwane emizini enabantu phezu eziyikhulu, e 32 Imizana amancane naphakathi, izindawo zasemaphandleni 58. On wonke, safunda emakhaya wawo kungathi izinkulungwame eziyisihlanu.

Ukubala kwesabelomali umthengi ubuncane

Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ekunqumeni izinkomba:

1. Normative. Kulokhu, ngesisekelo kwezinkambiso wamukela ukusetshenziswa nemisebenti kanye netimphahla, kanye nezindleko zabo zangempela.
2. Ezibalo. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, isabelomali umthengi ubuncane ibhalwe ngesisekelo engenayo, wukuthi anawo labantu ngesikhathi.
3. Kuhlanganiswe. Kulokhu, ucabangela izindinganiso ukudla futhi izindleko langempela nezinye izinto.
4. Subjective. Le ndlela isekelwe umbono weningi futhi ucwaningo uchwepheshe.
5. Resource. Okuncane isabelomali umthengi kulokhu ngokuhambisana nesimo imele inikele ngamathuba izakhamuzi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo izidingo zansuku zonke.

Consumables, izimali kungenziwa elakhiwe hhayi kuphela amaqembu athile, kodwa nezalo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

Okuncane isabelomali umthengi Russia

isikhathi ngasinye libhekene izinga elithile impahla inhlalakahle, lapho reproduction kwetisebenti kanye labantu ayozithola evamile. Ekubhaleni izinto okudlekayo nenzuzo zingase zihlanganise ezihlukahlukene amasevisi kanye nemikhiqizo. Iqiniso lokuthi ingxenye yesabelomali umthengi ubuncane, ubhekwa izidingo eziyisisekelo by okungaba aneliseke izidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, le nkulumo ihlanganisa izicathulo, izingubo, ukudla, izingubo zokugqoka, izimpahla enelanga, imithi nokunye. Inani isabelomali umthengi ubuncane incike iqophelo lapho amabutho elikhiqizayo lizwe. Ezimweni eziningi ukulungiswa izihloko Kwenziwa siphindaphindeka amazinga kanye nemithetho izindleko zokudayisa. Uma bengekho, bese ngesisekelo ngokuthatha idatha engesobala. Njengoba isisekelo, lapho uhlelo kazwelonke we ukulondeka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, izenzo esiphansi isabelomali umthengi futhi izindleko zokuphila. Umehluko phakathi kwabo benziwa uhlu isakhiwo nokusatshalaliswa imikhiqizo amavolumu. Umqondo isabelomali umthengi ubuncane sihlinzekela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lokulandisa imali esithile esingokomoya. Ngokuvamile, sifaka izindleko anhlobonhlobo nemisebenti kanye netimphahla. Ngakho-ke, umthengi isabelomali ubuncane usayizi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 3-4 izikhathi.

isimo senhlalo nesomnotho sabantu

Inani enkulu ngokwanele kule kwebalingisi of lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila kwaba ushintsho kancane kancane kusukela "isakhamuzi isilinganiso" Kwabendlu. Sekuvele ebalulekile zonke izifundo kwezenhlalo. Nomthelela lesi sinqumo ngo-1992, indlela kazwelonke akhawunti ohlelweni. Kwakuwusuku okokuqala labantu kuchazwa njengendlela isihloko egcwele ezakhiwe komnotho omkhulu. Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okunenjongo ezingeni izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kufanele bacabangele ukuthi isabelomali umthengi ubuncane lihlotshaniswa nezigaba ezithile imali nengcebo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuqaliswa yezibalo. Namuhla, kakhulu kunakwa izidingo ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka sabantu.

ukuhlaziya isimo

Ukuphila AmaZinga okuHlola olwenziwa phezu masipala wonkana. Lokhu ucabangela:

• Impahla zanqwabelana.
• namazinga izinga lokuphila yamukelwe umphakathi ekuhlolweni imali.
• Cash ukonga.
• Izindleko kanye ukusetshenziswa.
• izinto Ukuphepha isiko, ezentengiselwano, ezezindlu, ubuciko, kwezokuxhumana, kwezokuthutha, amasevisi umthengi, ezemfundo, ezempilo kanye nokunye.
• Ukuvikelwa State amaqembu abantu abasengozini.
• Umthamo imikhiqizo non-ukudla ukusetshenziswa.

izinkomba asetshenziswe uhlelo kokuhlaziywa:

• Inkokhelo isilinganiso.
• Imali yokukhokhela ukudla ezingeni elithile amaqembu yezibalo.
• Nakwentiwa kusukela Wed. s / n nempesheni.
• Okuncane isabelomali umthengi imiphakathi ethize emayelana.
• izindleko Cash and izimali amaqembu enkulu izakhamuzi.
• Inombolo inani labantu ingeniso mali yakhe isilinganiso lingaphansi kuka bokuphila (bezinga) nebhajethi umthengi ubuncane.
• Ukusatshalaliswa ukudla emakhaya imali ezahlukene.

Kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu

Njengoba injena izindleko zokuphila. Ukuhunyushwa kwalesi nenikezwa ekuhlinzekweni methodological kwezibalo. irekhodi lakhe, ukucacisa lapho ngesisekelo ibhajethi umthengi ubuncane, ezihambisana isigaba iziqinisekiso social isimo. Siveza izidingo bokuphila okusemqoka womuntu. ezingeni Imali yokukhokhela ukudla inquma lizinga ukusetshenziswa izinsiza nezimpahla, okuyinto kubhekwa okwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuphila okuvamile.

Ububanzi

Imali yokukhokhela ukudla ezingeni, ngaphandle ukuthi elihlobene ne sotsgaranty isimo uhlelo kuncuma komugqa wendlala, okuzenza iyisisekelo ukusungulwa kwamangqamuzana inkokhelo, impesheni, izibonelelo ehlukahlukene yezinzuzo. Isetshenziselwa kulesi sibalo izinzuzo izakhamuzi abaswele.

izakhi interconnection

Ukunqunywa bezinga njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, wenziwa usebenzisa okungenani ukusetshenziswa kwesabelomali nemingcele. Kulokhu, kunakwe ezingeni imali elikuvumela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo womuntu ngokuhambisana kwezinkambiso bokuphila. Nazo ngokufanayo, ziyadingeka ukuze zimboze umzimba Amandla izindleko zokuthuthukiswa zezingane nokukhula, abadala wokuphila, ekulondolozeni impilo lapho usukhulile futhi izindleko namanye amasevisi izimpahla ezibalulekile. Okuncane isabelomali umthengi isethwe ngekuya yobudala, ubulili kanye nendawo imisebenzi yabantu eqhubekayo. Inani layo ngezikhathi sibuyekezwe ngokuhambisana Dynamics amanani. Ukuze uchaze kubaluleke kakhulu ukubaluleka kubhasikidi umthengi.

amazinga ayisisekelo

Suite imikhiqizo efakwe ngokuhambisana ubukhulu ubuncane amandla ukusetshenziswa kwe-Institute iqhaza UBANI. kubhasikidi Ubuncane ehlukaniswe 8 zezulu esishintshashintshayo. Lesi sigaba zensimu kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ukuhlolwa ambalwa of ezinquma ukuthi izidingo kwamasiko nendwangu sabantu, kuncike kule mibandela lapho labantu uhlala. Amazinga izimpahla ze-non-ukudla kanye nezinsizakalo, kanye izinkokhelo saziso asethwe ngokuvumelana isabelo izindleko zomkhaya, nge iholo eliphansi. Njengoba base ulwazi kukhona isakhiwo izinto cwaningo kubiza 10% abantu bakuleli batholakale ne Nokuvikeleka ephansi.

Ukuhlolwa inhlalakahle

Ukwakha izimo ezikahle ukuze kwenziwe kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa hhayi kuphela ngempumelelo indlu, kodwa futhi ukuhlela kahle isabelomali umthengi ubuncane. Umndeni ka-4 ungaba izimali ezilandelayo:

• Salary.
• Impahla engenayo.
• inzuzo emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi.
• Uhulumeni izibonelelo (impesheni, izinzuzo, imifundaze, amasevisi khulula).
• Income evela kweminye imithombo (ifa, isibonelo).

On the nezindleko uhlangothi kungase kuhilele okulandelayo:

• Izintela.
• umshwalense Komphakathi.
• Ukudla.
• Qasha, ngezidingo.
• Izicathulo nezimpahla zokugqoka.
• Ingungu yensimbi ekhaliswayo ngokushaywa.
• Ifenisha.
• Ezokuthutha.
• Ezokuzijabulisa.
• Imfundo.
• Ukuthola.
• Izikhangibavakashi.
• izimpahla Industrial.
• Nanoma iziphi ezinye izindleko.

Imali eliphakeme phakathi izimali kukhona emikhayeni inkokhelo kakhulu futhi yokusebenza inzuzo. Ngokuvamile, zinikeza enhlalakahleni yomkhaya. Ngakusasa inzuzo enkulu esivuna impahla. Lokhu kungaba yerenti, nezintela, izinzuzo, isithakazelo nokunye. Ohlangothini izindleko, kwasekuqaleni hlala ayisebenzisele ukudla. Emikhayeni ingeniso ingaphansi kwenani, zingabantu komyalelo wokungabi 60-90%, futhi isivuno high - 42%. E-US, i-ukuqhathanisa, lesi sibalo simi ku-25,4%, eJapane - 25-30%. Ngokusho ucwaningo olwenziwa ochwepheshe American, ivolumu lokusetjentiswa ekhaya ekuqaleni 90s. Kwakufana 34,4% of ezingeni e-United States, i-izingubo - 39%, kanye ngemikhiqizo - 54%. Ukwenza ibhajethi, khumbula ukuthi okuningi izindleko ngokuphelele ubufakazi balokho. Ngokwesibonelo, osomnotho yasekhaya batholé ukuthi ekuqaleni '90s waphonselwa ngaphandle komyalelo wokungabi 15-20% imikhiqizo ebhikawozi. Ngemva rise in amanani labantu waqala sibaphathe ngokucophelela. Ngokuqondene neminye imikhiqizo (inyama, ubisi), ngokuvamile umkhaya yephutha lakhe siqu elahlekile mayelana 4-12% wengeniso Imininingwane.

imithetho esungulwe

Nombono wokuthi "ubhasikidi umthengi" yethulwa ngo 1992 ngesinqumo somthetho kamongameli. Kwase bazitshela ukuthi lena sinqumo sesikhashana ngesikhathi kunezinkinga. Ekusunguleni obhasikidi babevela yokuthi labantu has uhlobo oluthile alondoloza ukudla, okuholela ipulazi. Umthetho elawula sokuhlanganiswa lawo ngoMashi ka 2006. Ngaphansi kwalo mthetho, kubhasikidi uye isabelo inyama kanye nenhlanzi imikhiqizo, ubisi, amaqanda, ushukela kanye nemifino kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke lancipha amazambane nesinkwa ukusetshenziswa amazinga. UDkt Baturina, kubhasikidi asakhelwanga ukudla ngale ndlela. Limelela ejwayelekile kwezomnotho kuphela, okuyinto ebonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza ukudla okuvamile kwansuku zonke kwezokwelapha sihlele ukuyisebenzisa kanjani imali umthengi ubuncane, ngaphakathi kwalo kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa isimo enempilo.

Ekuphetheni

Inhloso esemqoka yimuphi umphakathi wanamuhla khulumela ekuthuthukiseni izimpilo zabantu bakuleli zwe. Isimo kufanele ahlinzeke isimo impilo enempilo, ephephile, eside futhi lichume. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma ukudalwa ukuzinza izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho emphakathini. Ezamukelwayo phesheya, kuhluke kakhulu kusukela yasekhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo unake yokuthi ukudla emazweni athuthukile wachitha ibe ngaphansana kwesigamu sezwe engenayo. Ingxenye enkulu kubo ithunyelwa Tinsita kanye nezindlu. Njengoba for umthengi ubhasikidi Russian, liphinde bahluke kusukela Western. On osekelwe kuyo, setha amaholo kanye nezinzuzo. Okuncane isabelomali umthengi futhi neze. Iqiniso ukuthi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi - kubhasikidi efanayo, amaholo nokunye.