Onxiwankulu - nezitha zakwa umphakathi, noma wabenza okunekhono? Uyini sabasebenzi?

Abantu wakhulela eSoviet Union, eqiniseka ukuthi onxiwankulu - izitha eziwuhlupho, bloodsuckers abafuna ukuceba ngezithukuthuku zabanye. Kodwa sabasebenzi - kanzima, hhayi uma ezisola amabutho ekugcwalisekeni njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela, ukuthi lezo nencazelo efanele? Ukulingana, okuyinto waphoselwa ngoba amaKhomanisi, futhi kungafaneleki, kodwa-capitalism okwaduma elikhulayo futhi uyochuma.

Umlando kumiswa onxiwankulu

Emphakathini isicebi kuba lesigaba esibusayo othola imali impahla: patent, umhlaba, imali, izimboni kanye nenye ipahla. Onxiwankulu - abantu abanale yangasese, ngokuqondene nelungelo lokuvikeleka lomuntu, inkululeko yenkolo, inkulumo, inhlangano. Bayalihlonipha umthetho, ngoba uma behluleka ukuthobela ke, nabanye ngeke, kodwa kungase kuthinte impahla yabo.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla feudalism kanye nonxiwankulu baqala ukwanda. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa nezakhamuzi ezicebile: abathengisi, abasebenzi abavamile, ababazi, ngubani ephethwe ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wakhe siqu phuma kubantu. Iqiniso lokuthi onxiwankulu - isigaba okuqhubekayo abanomqondo ovulekile, wakhuluma ngemva kweMpi Iminyaka Eighty '. Lesi sigaba usuqalise kokugumbuqelwa yokugqilazeka amakhosi asendulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaqala nokuguquguquka onxiwankulu eceleni enkulu futhi abaphansi, babekukhathalela ezombusazwe ahlukene kakhulu nokubukwa ukuphila, ngakho uqhekeko kwavela phakathi kwazo.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu

Isigaba uhlukaniswe izinhlobo, kuye engikwenzayo wobunxiwankulu. Kungaba ukuhweba (uma abantu abathintekayo kulo, babengamalungu onxiwankulu yokuthengisa), yasebhange, ezolimo, umkhakha. Cishe wonke endaweni yomsebenzi womuntu ekhulwini XVII-XIX. It yasungulwa ngokunembile ngenxa lesi sigaba. Kuye ngobukhulu yezinzuzo, onxiwankulu lahlukaniswa laba ezinkulu, aphakathi nendawo kanye elincane. Okokuqala thina esetshenzisiwe waqasha zabasebenzi, abasebenzi yokugcina esiqashiwe, kodwa abaningi zenzele wena, nabanye wenza baziphilise kuphela umsebenzi wabo. I sonxiwankulu abancane ikakhulukazi wahlala emizaneni noma emizini, ephethwe isitolo esincane.

Bobani sabasebenzi?

Ngo engu-onxiwankulu of bonke abantu babenikela yizigaba ezimbili: abanikazi yangasese futhi samaholo abasebenzi, owasinda ngokuthengisa rabsilu yabo capitalists. Thina sabasebenzi babengenalo impahla. Benza baziphilise ngokuhlanganyela onxiwankulu esikhulu phakathi. Isigaba sabasebenzi emphakathini kosozimali ayinazo amalungelo, bonke babuswa ocebile. I capitalists ngikudalile amaqembu ezombusazwe waphasisa imithetho evumayo kubo, nge sabasebenzi akekho ayinandaba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umphakathi waqala ukuvuthwa imibhikisho. Lwesikhala wabhubhisa onxiwankulu, isigaba sabasebenzi futhi ababange besaba khona, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo kabusha isigaba sabasebenzi sezenhlalo.

Isikhathi libhekene onxiwankulu?

Ezinsukwini zokuqala emphakathini kosozimali abacebile, ingcebo wathola ngabasebenzi yawo kuphela, okuthiwa nenhlonipho. Onxiwankulu futhi sabasebenzi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphezulu sidediselwe ngaphezulu komunye nomunye, kanti ngaso sonke phakathi kwalezi amakilasi ezimbili ayakhekanga kwalasha ogcwele inzondo, intukuthelo futhi ukungaqondi. Abanikazi umuzwa izikhulu egqwalile ubala, kuyilapho kwasekuqaleni kwaba isifiso abe dolobha elikhulu ukubamba ezandleni neziphathimandla.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, onxiwankulu kakhudlwana futhi nempumelelo sabasebenzi yayikhona sisonqenqemeni sokusinda. abanikazi isikhathi eside ka ukunotha ezinkulu babe lesigaba esibusayo, ababenakho party yabo yezombusazwe, ilungelo. Wobunxiwankulu ngokwethukela ukusizakala bantfu labasebentako. Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu ngeke lihlale isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni sabasebenzi ukubeka phambili njengoba ibutho zezombusazwe zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa obala balwele amalungelo abo. Ngakho-ke, iqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, isigaba sabasebenzi wathatha amandla ezandleni zabo siqu, kukhona lutho isimanga.