Mausoleum of Halicarnassus: umlando ukwakhiwa kanye izakhiwo

Eduze edolobheni Turkish of Bodrum itholakala esinye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zezwe - lo Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. Yasungulwa kule ndawo ngengozi, ngoba ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona inhloko-dolobha kombusi Persian ka Caria, eyaziwa ngokuthi Halicarnassus.

indaba

City Halicarnassus yasungulwa amaGreki ngo enkulungwaneni 2nd. BC. e. Phakathi nenkulungwane 1st, wayengumuntu lapho sekubusa umbuso wasePheresiya. Mausoleum of Halicarnassus lakhiwa kwekhulu lesi-4. BC njengoba esethuneni Ukucinga satrap Maussollos (377g.-353 BC. e.) nomkakhe Artemisia II. Ngenxa yalesi ukwakhiwa Maussollos waqala ukubiza Mausoleum (Gr. Mausoleion). Ukwakhiwa ethuneni waqala ngesikhathi esaphila Mausolus Nokho, ukwakhiwa sokugcina, akazange aphile. Ngokusho yetinsita ukwakhiwa kwalesi Mausoleum kwaholela Artemisia ababethanda umyeni wakhe futhi wafuna abhebhezela inkumbulo yakhe. Ngakho-ke, i-Mausoleum of Halicarnassus uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi lesikhumbuzo lothando. Izinkulungwane zezivakashi.

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus washaya umcabango lezihambi iminyaka 1800, kodwa ngekhulu le-13-ke labhujiswa ukuzamazama. Ngekhulu le-15 ku-emanxiweni Mausoleum we Crusaders wakha enqabeni St Peter. zemabula ethuneni amayunithi wangaphambili zazisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo. Lapho Crusaders axoshwa, enqabeni waba Turkish Bodrum Castle. Ngekhulu le-19 le Mausoleum kwaba isisekelo kanye eziqoshiwe eziningana. Bodrum Inqaba e Bodrum kuwufanele kuze kube manje, futhi amatshe Mausoleum kungabonakala oyiyo. Ensimini ka ethuneni ngokwayo, ungabona emanxiweni futhi emnyuziyamu elincane umlando Halicarnassus.

izakhiwo

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, ngesikhathi esifanayo abadlale indima ethempelini futhi ingcwele. ukwakhiwa kwalo abathintekayo abakhi yaseGrisi sika Satyr nasezweni uPytheas. Ayikho ezingabalulekile kakhulu lapho edala izulu Mausoleum kudlalwa enjalo Okugweda abadumile, efana Scopas, Brikasid, Leochares noThimothewu.

Ngokuqondene izakhiwo, kulendlu kwakukhona nenye izitayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuna Mausolus ezahlukene ukuma engavamile kanye nosayizi omkhulu. Halicarnassus Mausoleum ndawo m² 5,000 nobude -. 20 m Kumila kuyinto isikwele 5-tiered ukuthi uphahlwe slabs eyenziwe ngemabula. Isakhiwo ehlotshiswe frieze ezibaziwe - imifanekiso zemabula esibonisa impi amaGreki futhi Amazons. Ubude frieze iye yachazwa kuyinto 117 m. Manje, ezinye sikhangwa amathuna imifanekiso e eBritish Museum.

Tomb elise periptera, okuyinto wabekwa phansi. Yena, ukuthi sizungezwe lama-39 wamamitha 11 amakholomu. Bakhonza njengozime ophahleni. Kugcine ekhishwe njengoba umbhoshongo onezitebhisi, sakhiwe izigaba 24. Phezulu ophahleni abaklami kuyinto quadriga zemabula. Kuyinto inqola lasendulo edonswa amahhashi amane. Kuyinto ebaziwe ka Mausolus futhi Artemisia. zemabula sarcophagi mbhanqwana wasebukhosini zazibekwa ethuneni. The umphelelisi ephelele ye sakhiwo saba emifanekisweni nabagibeli namabhubesi zemabula phansi we Mausoleum. Mausoleum of Halicarnassus wayengafani zonke emathuneni obabukhona phambi kwakhe, ngaleyo ndlela kufanele kubhekwe uyisimangaliso emhlabeni.