Clovis - King zamaJalimane: Biography, phakathi nokubusa. lwamakhosi Merovingian

Clovis, nkosi Franks, waba ocebile, enemibala umlando wesizwe. WayeyiZwi evelele kunazo zonke emlandweni lwamakhosi Merovingian - lwamakhosi lokuqala bobukhosi eyabusa isimo, manje France ambient futhi Belgium. igama Clovis, okusho ukuthi "ukulwa elikhulu", futhi eminye soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka - Louis wamthanda uzalo waba igama ethandwa kakhulu zamaJalimane kanye Romance Europe.

Izimpande komlando Merovingian lwamakhosi

Frankish Merovingian lwamakhosi elisuka: kuya kweleshumi 5th, okhokho babo babe emhlabathini isiJalimane, kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu, bahamba ngqo eGaul, futhi lapho kodwa ehluleka, nje wasungula isimo esisha. Ezinye izazi-mlando baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu isimo wabizwa ngokuthi "Austrasia", ngokugxila endaweni Lorraine yesimanje.

Uhlaka isikhathi leBhodi Merovingian: 5-13 leminyaka. Inkathi Yokuchuma Dynasty inkathi emlandweni iNkosi Arthur, futhi ngenxa yalokhu yomlando wangempela eduze zithandelana Merovingian amaNorseman izinganekwane, okuyinto okunzima kakhulu ukuhlaziywa zomlando.

umsunguli eqondile lwamakhosi - MERS, Umkhulu uClovis sika, owanikhipha ezweni lakwa-eGaul Roman imithetho yeBhodi, fashion engayitholanga imfundo yezwe kanye nekukwati kufundza nekubhala. Yonke inzalo yakhe awazange ebekiwe umqhele amakhosi. Nokho, babengaliqondi idunyiswe abantu, elimiswe uhlobo yokukhulekela okuyisiko. Lapho uMerabi esungulwe ukuthi iposi "Umphathi-dolobha esigodlweni" - usesimweni esifana okuthunyelwe ka Shansela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke mithi, bobukhosi Merovingian wenziwa indima ababezoba nayo njengezisebenzi amacala zokuphatha sigudluke emahlombe imeya esigodlweni.

zobungoma Engcwele nezimpawu kwamandla

uphawu esasenza Merovingian azikhukhumeze - long hair cut okuyinto kwafaniswa renunciation kwamandla. Ngokwesibonelo, Clotilde, umka-Clovis, usesimweni oluthandwa: wahlukanisa nezinwele noma ukufa abazukulu eyisithunjwa, wavumelana ukhetho lwesibili, ngaphandle umhlatshelo amandla ako. izinwele ezinde buhlobene futhi amakhono Paranormal Merovingian, kuhlanganise nesiphiwo sokuphulukisa. Efana le nganekwane eziseBhayibhelini ngoSamsoni uDelila okhohlisayo, ngagunda izinwele zabo kwakusho ukulahlekelwa amandla.

uwuphawu Elingcwele lwamakhosi - bee segolide, obunamaparele nge garnets. Izinyosi - uwuphawu lobuqaba engcwele ukungafi, ukuphila okuphakade. Kuyinto uwuphawu Napoleon kamuva waboleka, ngikholwa ukuthi uyokhomba yokuthi ka ngokuqhubeka zomlando ngokokusebenza kwamandla akhe.

legend eyinsumansumane umsunguli Merovingian lwamakhosi

Meroveya nencazelo yegama - "impi ekhazimulayo". Grigoriem Turskim uchaza isiko uMerabi wazalwa ngenxa izenzo zobulili likanina nge isilo sasolwandle. Inganekwane ithi lapho kuzalwa unina yendodana yakhe wabona izingulube bristle e Meroveya ngemuva. Izazi-mlando ukuhlobanisa le Inganekwane yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi izingulube zasendle, lo usanta ezindabeni zezempi kanye unkulunkulu wenzalo zamaJalimane lasendulo.

Ngokusho yetinsita le izingulube kanye ngonyaka uya ogwini lweLake Retreat futhi unikeza abayithandayo wenzalo nempumelelo ensimini lempi. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman kwakunokwenzeka ukuba bagcine okhulisa umholi izingulube hlelo.

Kuyini mlando ezithakazelisayo Clovis, ukumkani wama-Franks. Biography of the Merovingian kanye nokubaluleka okungokomlando wokubusa kwakhe

Clovis mina - igama makhosi amathathu Frankish we Merovingian lwamakhosi. Yini mlando ukwazi ngakho?

Clovis, nkosi Franks, Meroveya umzukulu, indodana Hilderiha mina Bazin, ngokuvumelana idatha umlando, wazalwa cishe ngonyaka 466. Eminyakeni engu-15, uClovis waba yinkosi ingxenye salic ezincane (isb sogu lolwandle) franc futhi bacabangisise ukunwetshwa imingcele insimu yalo.

Eselinqobile indawo Siarpiya uClovis mina amakhosi Allied alwa ne Goths. Hhayi nandaba kungekho izingobe, akukho meanness, akukho okubulala, uClovis sisusiwe zonke eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye ezweni ngomumo. Kakade 507, wayehlaliswe esihlalweni sobukhosi umbusi wayo yonke emazweni French. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu impumelelo uye walungiselela isinqumo sakhe sokubhapathizwa, sangomhla ka-25 Disemba 498 Ngesikhathi sokubhapathizwa weNkosi spodvigla umkakhe Clotilde.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo sikaClovis, King zamaJalimane, wenza Paris iyinhloko-dolobha ye emazweni ayenqotshiwe. Kuphinde kuqaliswe ukudalwa iqoqo imithetho Frankish, wabuye wavula isahluko esisha konke kuwo wonke umlando Nordic.

Clovis wafa Paris e 511, ngesikhathi ushiya konke izwe labo laba amadodana ifa.

Umkhankaso ngokumelene Siarpiya. Inkolelo ye-isitsha Soissons

Wathatha ihhovisi yinkosi uClovis waqala ukwenza ngokuvumelana uhlelo bamba kancane kancane wonke amazwe gallic. Isu lalithé: ukuze uthole Gothic namazwe waseBurgundy uyayenza okuphiqikayo komhlaba okudingekayo kuhanjiswa Siarpiya elakhelene insimu ayesifuna ngabomvu.

Clovis Kwakungenzima ukuyokudla umhlaba Siarpiya, futhi ngokushesha leli dolobha yezwe kancane kancane esondela Burgundians emhlabeni. amabutho uClovis akazange azigweme yimuphi kusho inzuzo esheshayo. Ngo nomkhankaso wempi ngokuvamile baphanga amasonto namathempeli.

Njengoba baziwa elandela isiko. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye ahlasela isonto, amaFrank kanye Korol yabo Hlodvig uzithela mug eziwusizo kakhulu. Lokhu kuncike kwakubaluleke kangangokuthi uMbhishobhi ngokoqobo incenga inkosi uyibuyisele ethempelini. Clovis wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani futhi waphoqelela emjikelezweni uye uchaziwe bukhona onakala. Bonke abangane benkosi babengena hhayi kuqhathaniswa kulesi sigaba, kepha omunye Franks wamelana washaya mug ngenkemba, e Ethukuthele, wathi enkosini: ukuthi ngeke isisebenzise isikhundla sabo futhi wamukele Trophies okweqa isenzo.

Inkosi wazitshaya ukumthethelela lesi senzo, ngisho wabuyela umbhishobhi mug, kodwa ngemva konyaka, phezu Ukubuyekeza kwezinhloko zamaviyo, osolwa leli sosha ukuthi isibhamu sakhe obumbi, wahlwithwa ezandleni ngembazo baliphonsa phansi, futhi lapho isosha bedangele wakhe, ukusika ngesigamu ugebhezi lwakhe.

KukaClovis: Antecedents futhi Ngemiphumela

I izimfanelo ukwemukelwa kobuKristu, uClovis kwaba umshado wakhe umKatolika ozinikele Clotilde, Princess of Burgundy. Ihlala esihlalweni sobukhosi sombuso, Clotilde bazama ukuphoqelela unkosikazi ukuthatha ukholo lwakhe.

Le mizamo zehlulekile isikhathi eside. Okumangazayo wazibonakalisa Klotilda Hlodvigu ukwehluleka yawonkulunkulu bakhe, saveza yokufana kwawo ezivamile, kuyinto engasho lutho, abantu ngonya, wema yakhe futhi wamphendula ukuthi wayekholelwa endabeni konkulunkulu babo, bese unkulunkulu ubuKristu akunasisekelo ngoba akusho ukuzibonakalisa futhi akakwazi ukwenza izimangaliso.

Clovis kakhulu kwaphoqa ukholo lobuKristu futhi iqiniso lokuthi izibulo Clotilde wafa ngqo ngombhapathizo, e ifonti. Clovis ngesikhathi wayeqiniseka ukuthi uma usana lunikezwa lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela nonkulunkulu bamaqaba, yena ngabe basaphila.

Nokho, amanzi othwala itshe, futhi Clotilde wenza eyakhe. Babalelwa ku 498, inkosi gallic wabhapathizwa. Ngokwenkolelo esontweni, kwenzeka ekulweni almandtsami. Lapho uClovis ngilahlekelwa impi, lapho bephuthaza ukuvusela onkulunkulu babo usizo, futhi lapho ithemba lensindiso kwadingeka iNkosi kancane wakhumbula amazwi omthandazo kuJesu uMsindisi, bathi, futhi amaFrank wenza iqhinga yimpumelelo, iwine almandtsev.

AmaKhosi Cross in the dolobha waseReims-496. Nokuphatha uClovis nezikhonzi zakhe ngokushesha ukholo lobuKristu kwembulwa kuye amathuba nobungane obuseduze Gallo-Roma, okuyinto bavunyelwe kakhulu ukwandisa Holdings zabo.

Inqubomgomo benkolo bangaleso Merovingian lwamakhosi

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi entsha isimo Austrasia umKristu ngomqondo truest izwi, ngisho nangemva wokubhapathizwa kukaClovis kanye nabasizi bakhe abaseduze. Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo imizamo lamaKristu aqotho Clotilde, okholweni umyeni wakhe kweqiniso wangafika. Njengoba ngaphambili, abantu isicelo ngokwethembeka emasikweni obuqaba, amasiko kanye nenqwaba zaseScandinavia.

Clovis Merovingian lwamakhosi ayikwazi enginakho ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani lapho ubuKristu e-ezweni lakhe. Ngemva kokubhapathizwa, inqubomgomo yakhe yasobala ayikashintshi, ukuze inkinga esiphelweni ukholo lobuKristu oba emahlombe zevangeli zivela kwezinye izingxenye ze-Europe. Eduze Paris kanye Orleans, kanye namanye ama-domain ezibanzi Merovingian, inqubo esebenzayo "unamathele ukholo catholic" bendawo. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, uPapa, inhloko yeSonto LamaKatolika yokuphazamisa, hhayi wakhulelwa igunya avstraziyskih emhlabathini, futhi kamuva nguye nomthelela kokugumbuqelwa Merovingian lwamakhosi okwakufanele abe inkosi.

Lokhu waphinda kufakazela iqiniso lokuthi ukwamukelwa sobuKristu uClovis ngokuthi i-Russian Prince uVladimir, kwaba luyingxenye zezombusazwe mnogohodovki ngobuqili. Izimpawu Clovis, ukumkani wama-Franks, ngokuvamile azifane nalezo Vladimir, isikhulu Kievan Rus 'futhi yena nabanye wabhapathizwa ngokwabo futhi kwabhapathizwa nabasizi bakhe, ngesisekelo yezisusa zombusazwe, okungukuthi, ngenxa ubungane yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Futhi ukufana esiphawulekayo Isehlakalo ngemva kobhapathizo: i Gauls, ngemva wokubhapathizwa kukaClovis wahlala ogxile kwamaqaba nokwenziwa Kievan Rus ngemva Vladimirovskaya ubhapathizo akazange athathe kuqala ukholo lobuKristu, futhi wasala onkulunkulu abangamaqaba.

impi Gothic

Lapho Clovis, ukumkani wama-Franks, aguqulwa ukholo lobuKristu, ngenkathi ukuphumelela ekubhekaneni le Gallo-Roma. eduze ngokunyenya namazwe Gothic, uClovis, lithole kakade ukusekelwa abefundisi ephakeme, waqala empini engu-500 ngokumelene Gundobalda umalume umkakhe Clotilde, ababebulele abazali bakhe nabafowabo ukuthola ubukhosi. Esikhathini 506 ngonyaka yesi kunqoba iwine, futhi umnqobi weza, ekugcineni, embusweni Visigoth. Clovis, ngokuvumelana Grigoriya Turskogo, is kakhulu kuphazanyiswa iqiniso lokuthi Goths acindezele abanye eGaul, ukuze impi ngofaka kubo ubizwa ngokuthi engcwele, okwakubekelwa kakhulu emehlweni abefundisi ephakeme.

Clovis ekugcineni usukulungele ukuthandana hit eduze yasePoitiers ku Vuglo. Killing-Alaric, inkosi we Goths, umnqobi siqiniseka ngokuphelele emandleni akhe iphakanyiswe, ukuze ngokushesha le uMbusi waseByzantium u-Anastasius ujabule bamthumela incwadi ku enxuseni ukuze ucacise uClovis isikhundla salo okhonzile futhi zamukele kokubusa umbuso phezu wonke amazwe ukuthi ebugqilini Goths.

Isu Brutal ngokubulala bonke ababephikisa ezingaba

Ungamchaza kanjani ukuphathwa at uClovis? Ngemva gallic neMpi esihle, waqala ehlelekile ukuze abhubhise bonke kwabaphikisi bakhe, abaholi gallic. Ukuthatha phansi izwe lawo futhi ukuba achithe yonke ilandelana ngokushesha inkosi kwadingeka cishe zonke eGaul.

Vala izihlobo, abafowethu Rignomera Rihara esezibulala uClovis. Inkosi zamaJalimane, ogama biography igcwele ngaphezulu izimbangi abaningi "obungenazibopho" lokubulala kabuhlungu, Nokho, awuzange uhluthuke: akukho ukubulala kwenzeka abaphikisi affective wabhubhisa kancane kancane, ngobuqili futhi bengabonakali.

Ekugcineni, uClovis bababulala bonke ababeyenzela phakathi nokubusa kwayo kunanoma iyiphi kubi emehlweni akhe Harariha, phezu kwalo iNkosi ayivumanga ukusiza empini yokulwa Syagrius, futhi indodana yakhe, ukuze ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa phezu esihlalweni sikayise. Vele uClovis langena kanye nabaholi Rhenish Franks: Zigiberta, akhe sizana wabulala ezandleni indodana yakhe siqu, ethembisa kudonse patricide ukusekela kwazo nokuba izingubo zasebukhosini. Lapho Hloderik Zigiberta yabulala uyise, futhi uClovis wangena umbuso, wamemezela Hloderika imbuka, wambulala, wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi uqobo.

Ikesi lapho uClovis yabiza wonke amadoda akhe, awaphalaza umphefumulo wabo, ekhala ngokuthi akazange abe nomkhaya ezingaba amnike ukwesekwa. Zonke uhlelo ngobuqili lapho ethola ukuthi uhlala inkosi namanje izihlobo okungahleliwe ayezobasebenzisa ngenjabulo enkulu futhi abulawe.

UMbuso uClovis ngokuthi isigaba esisha umlando French

Ngemva kokuphela kwempi Gothic, uClovis wenza iParis inhlokodolobha amazwe awo, wahlala khona. Ngokushesha inkosi wayala ukuba kwakhiwe Cathedral of St Peter futhi St Paul (manje i-Church of St Genevieve). Ngemva kokufa uClovis e 511, wayelapho wangcwatshwa.

Ngonyaka 511, ngqo phambi ekufeni kwakhe siqu, uClovis omula kuqala Frankish Church Cathedral e-New Orleans sinombono nokuguqula gallic Church. Wabuye nomthelela ekusungulweni "Salic iqiniso" - iqoqo imithetho franc.

Ngemva kokufa kwenkosi impahla yakhe zazihlukaniswe amadodana akhe amane. Clotilde efanayo abagcotshwa, wathuthela Tours futhi wachitha izinsuku zakhe zonke e Basilica of St. Martin.

Ngakho, umlando uClovis uhlala nobuqhawe. Yize ezinye ezimbi, izikhathi ezingemnandi kwenkonzo yakhe. wokubusa ngempumelelo uClovis umkhankaso kumiswa uhlobo kuvuselelwe uMbuso WaseRoma - isimo, uphawu okwakunzima umbimbi letihlomulisa phakathi Uhulumeni nesonto, phakathi amandla yesikhashana futhi igunya elingokomoya besifunda-bhishobhi Merovingian yobuKristu.