Orinoco elisezansi eNingizimu neMelika: izici, izithombe

Uma uthola enyakatho ingxenye enkulu yezwekazi lase- Ningizimu Melika kumephu, futhi kukhona ungabona okungavamile emhlabeni Orinoco Izimfunda ezingasogwini. Imingcele kule nto kwezwe Northern Andes kanye Guiana Highlands. Kutholwe emaphethelweni Emathafeni kuleli zwekazi, ngakho-Atlantic Ocean. Ziyakwazi ithonya ngempela elinamandla izici zezulu kwendawo. Kanye esifundeni esisempumalanga efanayo igama emfuleni notshwala. Kusukela eningizimu, kule ndawo izungezwe Emathafeni Amazon. kwendawo echazwe bazwakalisa band ububanzi nge sezwe ogxile flat.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Orinoco emathafeni kumephu kuyashesha kakhulu, ngoba morphologically okuchaza kahle kusukela cishe zonke izinhlangothi ngaphandle isifunda esiseningizimu.

impumuzo

Abathandwayo esanele sokutadisha sendawo zaleli zwekazi ezifana eNingizimu Melika. elisezansi Orinoco kuyahluka ngokucacile amazinga ahlukile zazo zibe ngokusebenzisa ebusweni lenqwaba, ekuqaleni kuvela ngaphambi ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Eduze Orinoco emfuleni kuyinto endaweni ephansi kakhulu, ezingeni yokuphakama kwawo ingeqi uphawu 100 m. Ingxenye ezisezansi, okuyinto engama-Atlantic Ocean umelwe dune landscape. lonke Le ndawo embozwe isihlabathi, okuyinto njalo kuthonywa imimoya.

Ubuningi kokuphakama endaweni ezisezansi, eduze ezintabeni, ngokuthi Piemonte (Piedmont), okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "kwentaba." Kwezinye izindawo, bawela zaseSierra. Zimelela a crystalline amatshe athile izintaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo lonke Emathafeni zihlakazeke Mesa, okuyinto ifike ukuphakama 200-300 m. I nemingenela besifunda wendawo. Orinoco ukwabelana izindawo ngenhla izigodi zabo. Yomngcele oseningizimu endaweni nje sidlula esigodini owumthelela kwesokunxele Guaviare.

Isimo sezulu

Izimfunda ezingasogwini lwe-Orinoco ungaphakathi ibhande subequatorial. Ngenxa yalesi sifunda, elinesimo seasonality ezithile kwezulu. Is they ukucacisa esishintshashintshayo zezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho othambekele nesomiso, zemvula kuyinto ehlobo futhi ihlala izinyanga ezintathu kuphela. Isizathu ulula: ukuhweba imimoya enyakatho-mpumalanga zingene kule ndawo kuneNingizimu eningizimu. Isifunda zokugcina kuthatha lemali elikhulu kwezulu - imvula eyathatha kwezinyanga ezingu (April - Okthoba). Ukuze zikwazi ukubona umehluko, kungenzeka ukubheka izibalo ezisemthethweni. Imvula yonyaka yehluke kancane kulezi zindawo ezimbili: enyakatho - 800 mm eningizimu - 1000 mm. Isikhathi esiningi ehlatshwa ngesimo imvula enkulu.

Phakathi nesomiso emoyeni izinga lokushisa lehla ngezansi +20 ° C, isilinganiso ubhekwa +25 ° C. Inzika ngokuvamile engekho nhlobo. Abantu bendawo cabanga kule sizini ebusika, nakuba astronomically kuleli hlobo. Inyanga olufudumele, futhi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni izimvula. Ngo-October kuya ku-April lokushisa air bengase bazikhandlele + 29 ° C.

amaminerali

Orinoco elisezansi Amasimu uwoyela ocebile. Ziyakwazi ongowenani elikhulu ukuze sisetshenziswe umbuso. Eduzane Guiana Highlands wathola idiphozithi yanoma nsimbi. Lezi zindawo yingcweti kahle nezimayini iqhutshwa njalo.

izinkinga esifundeni sika

Ngenxa izici insimu, esemgwaqweni Orinoco ezisezansi, ngokuvamile kubonakala izikhukhula ezweni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi yezimvula. Ngenxa yemvula enkulu eyayine ezingeni amanzi emifuleni zendawo kakhulu ephakanyiswe, ukwakha indawo ikhilomitha njengomuzi ongangeneki. Nokho, kule kukhona plus encane. Ngalesi sikhathi emfuleni nivama ukuthi kakhulu ngcono izimo ukuthutha. Kodwa esifundeni ezihambayo phezu kwemifula - kwendlela ezokuthutha. Uma inkathi engenazo izimvula kwa lezi zindawo izohlala amanzi enhlabathini. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi umswakama iyasha emachibini ukuze imifula engajulile. It ihambisa ukungakhululeki nakakhulu. Inkinga enkulu esifundeni umalaleveva ezishisayo. Kuphela unyaka owodwa kusukela izifo emhlabeni wonke ubulala abantu abangaba ngu-2 million.

Flora

Orinoco emathafeni (eNingizimu Melika Ibalazwe ngokusobala yalo) amumethe izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezimila. Kule ndawo ungathola izinhlobo eziningana wamaSundu. Ziyakwazi kakhulu ixhaphozi inhlabathi. Uma sicabangela indawo nakuyo iningizimu, kule ndawo embozwe obukhulu isihlahla emasimini - ne Loft amahlathi entendeni.

Abantu bendawo sikhule ukotini, corn kanye nomdumbula. Noma kunjalo, umhlaba ofanele ukulima okuncane kakhulu. Futhi ukuqoqa ubhanana, kodwa umthamo okuncane sokuvuna.

nezilwane

Orinoco elisezansi emazweni ngeshwa ayimjabulisi efanelekayo kokudla izilwane. Yingakho izinkomo cishe athuthukile.

On amaxhaphozi kuhlale tapir, peccaries. Kusukela Predators jaguar futhi Pumas. Kukhona okuningi abameleli ezahlukene namagundane. Esikhathini savannah wendawo uhlalwe kwezinhlobo eziningi izinambuzane eziyingozi ukuze ukuphila komuntu. It omiyane, umuhlwa. On the ezindaweni evulekile kukhona armadillos Nesambane.