Park "Hermitage". "Hermitage" - ingadi. Moscow epaki "Hermitage"

Garden "Hermitage" (bheka ngezansi isithombe) kuyinto lesikhumbuzo landscape art. It is etholakala enhliziyweni eMoscow. Izakhamuzi zenhloko-dolobha sikwazisa lokhu isiqhingi imvelo green, etholakala phakathi emagcekeni esinomsindo ezitaladini bangcolile. Kukhona uhamba omama abasebasha nge strollers, abathandi ukuhlangabezana futhi wenze isithembiso imibhangqwana.

Ukhethe iholide lakho uya khona epaki "Hermitage"? Kanjani ukuze uwufinyelele? Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi itholakala kude emgwaqweni Four-wheel uchungechunge kanye iziteshi kaMasipala "laseChekhov" futhi "Pushkinskaya".

Indaba

"Hermitage" Park ukuzijabulisa izingadi kwaqala eMoscow. Lalivulwe ngo-1830 ezinsukwini ubudala wawusegunjini ingadi endaweni samanje, futhi Bozhedomka. Ipaki "Hermitage" ngahambisela amasevisi izivakashi zabo ikhofi kanye pergolas, emadokodweni kanye yaseshashalazini. Isiqongo ukuthandwa kwakhe wasifinyelela kuleyo minyaka ngesikhathi okungowelebuli usomabhizinisi owaziwa Mikhail Lentovsky.

Esikhathini esidlule, wayengakholelwa ukuthi umlingisi we Maly Theatre. Ingadi kuhlelwe ukushushuluza ku ichibi ngezikebhe, iziqhumane amanzi, umbukiso bands zempi nakwezinye izenzakalo ukuzijabulisa. Lesi siqiwu "Hermitage" wahlala hhayi kuphela bonke abakhileyo eMoscow, kodwa futhi abezinye izizwe ngokuvakashela enhlokodolobha.

Ngemva Lentovsky zonakale kule ndawo, kancane kancane ingene labhidlika. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, endaweni engadini lwalwakheka izindlu.

Ipaki "Hermitage" got ukuzalwa kwaso yesibili ngo-1894 lapho umthengisi eMoscow YV Shchukin yathengwa inxuluma, elise inombolo Umqeqeshi. Esikhatsini lesingetulu nje unyaka umkhankaso endaweni yaphenduka engadini ukuqhakaza. A esigangeni kwaphulwa imibhede, zokuhamba egandayiwe futhi batshala ne nezihlahla nemithi. Ingadi wabonakala isakhiwo yaseshashalazini.

imicimbi yamasiko

Lesi siqiwu "Hermitage" 5/26/1896, kwakukhona isenzakalo esibalulekile. Ngalolu suku, liba kuseshini esesidlangalaleni cinema Lumiére abazalwane. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi lavulwa ngo epaki, lapho abaholi abangu-V Nemirovich-Danchenko futhi KS Stanislavsky. 26.10.1898 ka kwesizini okuhleliwe ngakuwo phansi igama "iNkosi Fyodor Ivanovich." Ngasikhathi sinye YaseMoscow Art Theatre ezazidlalwa kudlala ezifana esidlangalaleni njengo "uMalume Vanya" futhi "We-seagull" AP LaseChekhov.

osaziwayo Ayemaningi yaseshashalazini "Hermitage" ipaki. Phakathi kwabo, FI Chaliapin futhi SV Rachmaninoff, Anna Pavlová noSara Bernar, u-Ernesto Rossi nabanye.

"Hermitage" - ingadi lapho Shchukin isakhiwo ehlobo selakhiwe, Mirror Theatre. Ngokuzayo kuhlelwe ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Babeye abe yaseshashalazini ebusika, kuze kube ayinkulungwane izibukeli. Nokho, ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo uvinjelwe kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ngenkathi yamaSoviet

Ngemva inguquko ka-1917, "Hermitage" ipaki zadliwa uhulumeni. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, esikhathini ye nep, Wadlulela ku kuqashwa yangasese.

Ngo-1924, isakhiwo, ise "Hermitage" ipaki wanikwa ethiyetha Yedolobha YaseMoscow Council of Trade Unions. Kamuva, kwadalulwa uqambe eMoscow Soviet Theatre.

sempi

Phakathi Soviet inkathi epaki "Hermitage" Washaywa yezindawo ethandwa kakhulu lapho babengathola uphumule izakhamizi inhlokodolobha sika. Ekwindla ka-1941 kwaba avaliwe. Ipaki Umsebenzi waqala ngo-Ephreli ngonyaka ozayo. Ngo-1943 lapha wathwalwa okuzobe kudlalelwa ukusebenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusukela esiphuthumayo eMoscow wabuyela abaculi. Igumbi Theatre awuzange ukufuthelana. Nokho, futhi izilaleli noma abadlali ukuthi ungami.

ngemva kwempi

Ehlobo lika-1945 kabusha engadini senziwa "Hermitage". Ngo-1948, epaki Yakhiwa ihholo ekhonsathini ehlobo. Enkundleni yayo, ukusebenza of KI Shulzhenko, AI Raikin, LI Ruslanova. Lapha ungakwazi ukulalela-orchestra LO Utesov.

Esikhathini zamashumi amahlanu nezinduna sixties of the last Muscovites ekhulwini ukudlala chess, funda, vele uthathe uhambo ulalele ukusebenza abaculi ozithandayo, befika ensimini "Hermitage". Cinema uhlobo ehlobo lavulwa ngo epaki ngo-1953 Maduze yaba indawo ethandwa phakathi Muscovites. Inani elikhulu labantu lagcina ukubona izithombe bengaphandle.

Mayelana ukuthandwa okuyinto wajabulela kwepaki-engadini "Hermitage", uthi izibalo. Ngakho, ngo-1957, lokhu ekhoneni green enhloko-dolobha wavakashelwa 1.5 million abantu. Endaweni yesehlakalo epaki isinyathelo R. Karcev futhi VS Vysotsky, amaqembu waseshashalazini kanye zomculo angaphandle. Garden Mirror Theatre "Hermitage" wakhethwa njengosuku indawo lapho lesi sigameko senzeka ngolokuqala umdlalo "Yini? Kuphi? Nini? ". Ngo-1980, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi lidlule Theatre Miniature, inhloko owawungumnyaka AI Raikin.

ukuphila engadini Modern

In the 1980 - 1990, epaki "Hermitage" yasinda isikhathi sokuba yihlane. Ngenhlanhla, sesivele sidlulile. yaseshashalazini "Novaya Opera" wavula ngo-1991 i-izivakashi yaleli paki. Lapha ukusebenza yaseshashalazini "Hermitage" futhi "Sphere". By iminyaka engu-850th park eMoscow lalungiswa. nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva wathinta izakhiwo eziningi mlando.

manje Garden "Hermitage" yindawo emangalisayo ukuze uphumule. Emini uthanda ukuhamba omama abasebasha nezinsana. Njengoba imindeni engumakhelwane ngezinye izikhathi aphendukela zesikole. Ngezinsuku zasehlobo ezifudumele ngqo izindlela engadini noma kwi ongaphandle isenzo esiteji abadansi akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo, nokufunda ikhono umdanso we-classic.

Njengoba kwepaki kusihlwa "Hermitage" iba indawo izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene. Ehlobo, kuba isethulo kanye nemibukiso, amakhonsathi ka izinkanyezi ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kanye Jazz International Festival. Ebusika, roller esikhulu egijima epaki.

Kube kuyi-nightclub engadini kanye Tea Culture Club, kanye zokudlela ambalwa.

Theatre "Novaya Opera"

Esikhathini 21 epaki ekhulwini "Hermitage" sihlangabezane ukushaqeka okukhulu. On insimu yalo kwaba khona umlilo. Ngenxa yalokho, umlilo uye wonakalisa ingxenye izakhiwo mlando, okuyinto yaqashiswa club "Diaghilev". Ezinye izindaba zika-nokuphila okuchumayo uyaqhubeka engadini, yena njengoMenzi phambi uhlala kwenye yezindawo oluthandayo Muscovites. Lapha ungakwazi bajabule ukuchitha sonke isikhathi sami sokuphumula. Okokuqala, nje ukuthatha uhambo, ujabulele imbali umbukiso noma ukudansa abadansi non-professional ehlobo evulekile, futhi kamuva kancane ukuze kulungiselelwe ukudla kwasemini, ngokuvakashela yokudlela futhi ukubukela ngumbukwane.

Kuze kube yimanje, "Hermitage" ingadi asebenza amatiyetha ezintathu. Omunye wabo - "New Opera" - wavula egumbini eguquliwe. Ngaphambili, lapho wawusegunjini nesibuko yaseshashalazini. Ngo-1997, i- "New Opera" isakhiwo esisha lakhiwa.

Empeleni leli hholo kwaduma ngokushesha ngemva ukuvulwa. Izinkulungwane izibukeli wazama ukumenza ukuba ulalele ezincwadini zasendulo e imikhiqizo ezintsha. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - "Eugene Onegin", "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila", "La Traviata" nabanye. Productions, umqondisi lokuqala bokubeka ethiyetha Evgeniem Kolobovym, namanje badayise kuthiwa.

Bayazi futhi bathande ethiyetha ngalé inhlokodolobha Russian. Eminyakeni yamuva, yena yanikezelwa abanye imiklomelo ehlonishwayo kakhulu. Ohlwini kwabo idiploma "Star of the Week", eyasungulwa iphephandaba laseJalimane i "Abendzeitung", Russian opera umklomelo «Casta Diva» nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkundla waba ilungu «Opera Europa» European Opera umphakathi.

"Hermitage"

Lena enye yaseshashalazini engadini. Isungulwe ngo Mikhail Levitin, ke sekuneminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. "Hermitage" ibalulekile for yaseshashalazini-goers ukuthi isigaba sakhe imikhiqizo lokudlalwayo adalwe abalobi 1920.

Phakathi kwabo, Nikolay Oleynikov futhi Yuri Olesha, u-Isaka iBhabhele Alexander Vvedensky.
Muva nje, phezu isigaba kuletiyetha show ukusebenza abalobi Latin American.

"Sphere"

Lokhu encane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo engavamile futhi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu yaseshashalazini "Hermitage" ipaki eyenzelwe nezithameli mass. It yadalwa 1981 umphakathi uzama ukuthi kulula ukungena kuwo, ngoba izilaleli ekamelweni elincane, esemgwaqweni phakathi scene ngokuvamile baba abahlanganyeli e kudlala edlulayo.

itiye club

Moscow epaki "Hermitage" linikeza izivakashi i yokuchitha isizungu engavamile. Ensimini iyinhlangano club esiyingqayizivele, esihlinzeka lonke iqoqo elite Chinese itiye izinhlobo, kanye nezitsha enkulu itiye emikhosini.

Found kule club kungaba futhi izincwadi ezikhethekile. Izivakashi izikhungo zikhumule izicathulo kanye nezingubo, amanga ngqo okhaphethi ezithambile kumagumbi encane ethokomele. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho iqala itiye mkhosi, ebanjwa beqondiswa ochwepheshe, anikeza imininingwane amasha isiphuzo evamile.

Ukuhamba phakathi engadini

ekhoneni Green enhliziyweni eMoscow - epaki "Hermitage" - iyakwamukela izivakashi zalo insimu ethokomele futhi uzilungise. Ehlobo imithombo abasebenza lapha. Ngaphesheya ngaseziseleni epaki futhi oki, maples futhi lindens. Phakathi kwezihlahla yezinyawo ujenga efakwe kanye emabhentshini. Uyabukeka emehlweni batshala rose ezihlabayo, lilacs futhi Honeysuckle.

Ngo-2000, kwakunabamemezeli ukubaza ezimbili phezu imikhakha kwepaki. Omunye wabo wayebizwa eyanikelwa sedolobha laseParis. Lokhu ngokudayisa ka Viktora Gyugo. Umbhali wayo - L. Laurent Marqueste. Eyesibili ebaziwe - isipho Government of Italy. Lesi sibalo Dante Alighieri. Umbhali - R. Piras. Ngo-2004, ngemva kokubuyiselwa engadini ukuthi ovuthayo ngowokuqala kagesi izibani e Moscow, okuyinto wawenziwe ngo-1880 ngesikhathi imboni St Catherine.