Petrushka yaseshashalazini umlando kanye nokusebenza. Iphaphethi-show

Kukholakala ukuthi lapho kwazalelwa yesimanje ngonodoli kuyinto India neChina sidilizwa. Kamuva lolu hlobo lobuciko yeningi iye efakwe ohlwini abadlali zulazulani, mhlawumbe amaGypsy, eGreece yasendulo, futhi ukusuka lapho zasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Lapho puppeteers uvele ezweni lethu, akwaziwa, kodwa Russian Folk yaseshashalazini Petrushka mayelana emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka, bemthanda abantu babo bonke ubudala futhi amakilasi.

prehistory

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezingu 3 ngesiRashiya ngonodoli :

• unodoli, lapho onodoli usebenzisa intambo;
• Petrushka yaseshashalazini - ne tinongo izinhlamvu, puppeteer ukudansela isiginci sakhe eminweni yakhe;
• yesehlakalo lokuzalwa - yaseshashalazini lapho onodoli nimi kuvikelwe induku bese ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa izimbotshana wenza ebhokisini elikhethekile.

Inketho yokugcina yayidumile kuphela ezindaweni eseningizimu yezwe futhi eSiberia, futhi kube ngasekupheleni 19 emaphaphethi leminyaka, ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukusebenza izibalo, yasetshenziswa akuvamile. Ngakho, ekhuluma Russian zangaphambi wamavukelambuso upopayi imibukiso, ngokuvamile ube engqondweni yaseshashalazini Petrushka. It lethiwa main uhlamvu ukusebenza bejabule, kudlalwa phandle emgwaqeni.

Ubani parsley

Lokhu isidlaliso ithole igilavu unodoli, ngokuvamile owembethe ihembe elibomvu, ibhulukwe lelineni cap kwakhuphuka nge intshakaza. Kuyinto namanje akukacaci ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani ubuso bakhe is ngokwesiko enamathiselwe izici "non-Russian". Ikakhulukazi, ikhanda lakhe ngokweqile elikhulu nezandla, ubuso esinsundu, amehlo amakhulu okwe-alimondi yayithandwa futhi ikhala, ngavela ngayithanda. Cishe, parsley ukubukeka ubangelwa iqiniso ukuthi wadalwa ngomfanekiso Italian Pulcinella.

Ngokuqondene nohlobo umlingisi, kungcono ukukopela kanye kwengobe ongenayo ukubhala noma iyiphi imithetho.

Ukubukeka Petrushka

ERussia, iphaphethi igilavu izici eziyinqaba okuthiwa Ivan Ratyutyu uvele ngekhulu le-17. Nokho, kabanzi esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi igama layo lokugcina, wanikezwa engu-200 kamuva. By the way, parsley imelelwa Petro (ngezinye izikhathi Petrovich) uviniga.

Incazelo yamabhayisikobho ngendlela efanele usaqala

Ekhulwini le-17 izethulo ezazidlalwa ngaphandle kwesikrini. Okuningi ngokunembile, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi zendabuko Petrushka Kusolakala ukubandakanywa umlingisi eyodwa kuphela ukuthi okuhlanganisa isiketi ibhande. Ukuze umphetho wakhe eyathungwa ayindilinga Rising okwathi kamuva laba abe puppeteer kufihlakele emehlweni prying. Yayikwazi ukuhamba izingalo zakhe ngokukhululekile futhi bamele izigcawu iqhaza izinhlamvu ezimbili. Kulokhu, lo nosomahlaya cishe njalo wasebenza esihambisana umholi bearish futhi lasetshenziswa njengoba clown imisebenzi.

Incazelo yamabhayisikobho emva nekhulu le-19

Kusukela 1840s zaqala ukusetshenziswa isikrini. Lalinama ozimele ezintathu, ukuthi abangu-staple kanye some chintz. Wafaka phansi, futhi wafihla puppeteer. Imfanelo okugunyaziwe, ngaphandle kulo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba sicabange netiyetha Petrushka, kwaba emgqonyeni-sitho. It umsindo touted izilaleli, futhi ngemva usomahlaya isikrini ukuxhumana nomphakathi ngokusebenzisa ikhwela ozinikele. Phakathi ukusebenza, wayengase uphelelwa ukuba izilaleli a parsley isudi: a ekhaleni eside kanye cap elibomvu. Kulokhu, lo grinder isitho waba umngane wakhe futhi ndawonye badlale izigcawu yamahlaya.

puppeteers

Theatre Petrushka, umlando okuyinto bengayiqondi ngokugcwele, kwakubhekwa njengendlela luyingxenye wesilisa. Izwi puppeteer kwaba Squeaky futhi elikhulu, usebenzisa ikhwela ekhethekile, amakhwela, okuyinto ufakwa emphinjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, puppeteer wazama ukukhuluma hleka kakhulu futhi fast ezimbi ngamunye ngesikhathi ihlaya sakhe.

iziza

Plays Theatre (parsley kuyinto esemqoka yabo, kodwa hhayi iqhawe kuphela) zazikhona pretty okuyisidina. izingqikithi Main: ukwelashwa kanye ukuqeqeshwa senkonzo yezempi, umhlangano aba nawo nomakoti, ukuthenga nokuhlolwa zamahhashi. Scenes balandela omunye komunye ngendlela ethile. Isikhathi ukusebenza kwakuxhomeke esingakanani izethameli pha ekucwaningeni lokhu ukusebenza emgwaqweni.

Kuthatha indawo ukulandelana elandelayo:

• Parsley enquma ukuthenga ihhashi kusukela Gypsy-profiteer. Sekuyisikhathi eside adayiswa nomthengisi. Khona-ke lo msebenzi ekukhathaza kuye, futhi ishaya lwamaGypsy ubani ukusebenzisa.
• Parsley ezama ukugibela ihhashi, kodwa yena zokulahla kuye futhi uya ngemuva Baryshnikov, kusale amanga Namaqhinga namanje.
• Udokotela iza. Uyabuza Petrushka mayelana isifo sakhe. It kuvela ukuthi ngaphezu kwenkulungwane izifo. UDkt iparsley mpi, ngoba nesineke ubiza udokotela ngenalwazi. Isiqhwaga uphahlaze truncheon yezokwelapha ekhanda.
• Ivela emva kwezinyanga ezintathu kanti ucela parsley kungani wabulala udokotela. Dodger iyaphendula ukuthi "omubi isayensi yabo uyazi." Khona-ke, i-parsley ishaya club njalo ngekota ombulalayo. Ezokungcebeleka inja. Parsley uphendukela izilaleli futhi ucela usizo kuye. Wabe uzama cajole inja futhi othembisa ukondla ikati inyama yakhe. Inja ulahlekile Petrusha ekhaleni futhi zokuhudula. Kulesi isethulo sesiphelile, futhi izilaleli bahlakazeka.

"Petrushkina Wedding"

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokuvamile phakathi Carnival nezinye imikhosi, ukusebenza izifiso umphakathi akwazi ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside. Khona-ke sidlala yesehlakalo "Wedding Petrushka". Indaba yakhe kwaba sina engenangqondo. Petrushka waletha umakoti, okuyinto ayehlola ngendlela sengathi ihhashi. Ngemva kokuba evuma ukushada umakoti waqala lokukholisa eside "yena umhlatshelo" ngaphambi komshado. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukusebenza izibukeli sebehamba, ukungazihlanganisi izingane. Emadodeni ayesele ngentshiseko walalela amahlaya angcolile parsley.

Kwakunesidingo futhi yesehlakalo nompristi noma umabhalane. Nokho, ngenxa ukucwaninga izizathu kwakungasebenzeki kufakwe yimiphi amaqoqo, lapho imibhalo ukubukwa nge parsley ilotshwe.

"Ukufa"

Phakathi kwamagama yamabhayisikobho Petrushka wayengomunye futhi le eliyingozi kakhulu, ubani owinile umlingisi lomcoka. Kwaba Ukufa, okuyinto ngemuva engxabanweni ngamazwi bangiphuca nge parsley. Nokho, iqhawe ngokushesha abavusiwe kwenye indawo. Leli qiniso kwaba isizathu yokuthi abanye abacwaningi baqala ukuthola ukuxhumana phakathi iparsley yobuqaba onkulunkulu bamanga, iziphi ngokungenamkhawulo wafa futhi elulama ke lapha nalaphaya.

Moscow unodoli yeshashalazi

Ngaphambi Okthoba Yenguquko ngokuqhubekayo asebenza izinhlangano zamasiko engazange abe khona, futhi ukusebenza kwahlelwa ngabaculi olulodwa emigwaqweni noma emadokodweni, noma babemenyiwe waqala ukuhlala emizini yabazalwane ukuze ubungazwa izivakashi. Eyokuqala upopayi yangempela amatiyetha eMoscow aqala ngo-1930. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo bagcina bebe le enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lokhu Theatre. Obraztsov. Itholakala ekhelini: ul. Sadovaya-Gravity, d. 3. Ngaphandle kwakhe, cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo uvele inhlokodolobha eMoscow Puppet Theatre, okudalwe ekunyusweni izincwadi zezingane. Yena babuka izwe futhi wethula izibukeli ukuthi imisebenzi emisha abalobi Soviet, ebhaliwe ikakhulukazi esizukulwaneni esisha.

Kamuva, kwakukhona nakwamanye amasinema upopayi eMoscow: "Albatross", "Firebird", "Okumangalisayo", "Chamber" nabanye. Ngo kubo ungabona hhayi kuphela ukusebenza yezingane, kodwa futhi ukusebenza, eziklanyelwe abadala.

Puppet Theatre "Petrushka"

Ukuze silondoloze amasiko Russian emgwaqweni ukusebenza izingane kanye nabantu abadala, u-Andrey Shavel kanye umdwebi uValentina Smirnova wahlela ukuba iqembu elisha zokudala. Wabiza Russian Yabantu Theatre "Petrushka" futhi wangenela in 1989 emzini Frezino.

Theatre lihlela isethulo ofika kumaminithi angu-30 emgwaqweni bese uzama ukuba angaphambuki izethulo yendabuko zimo farce.

Ukuvela ethiyetha "Petrushka" kungenxa isifiso abasunguli balo ukuze alondoloze best of okwakusezinhliziyweni mass emgwaqweni art emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.

Ukusebenza adlalwa futhi endlini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ababukeli baziswa umlando kanye parsley futhi Russian yaseshashalazini farcical. Emsebenzini walo, nabalingisi zisebenzisa zasesiteji, kuyinto ngqo ikhophi izikrini nonodoli ababe ababengaphambi zabo, ukubungaza izilaleli emigwaqweni amadolobha Russian eminyakeni 150-200 edlule.

Manje uyazi ukuthi kwakukhona upopayi Russian Folk yaseshashalazini. Iparsley namuhla unesithakazelo izingane, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi wehlise ukuba abanye play in isitayela buffoonery.