Pier isisekelo ngezandla zakhe: Isinyathelo by step imfundo, ubuchwepheshe

Ukuze izakhiwo ezincane nge kwabantu ngobuningi mayelana 1000 kg / m ^3, omunye izixazululo engcono kuyisisekelo izinsika ahlelwe emhlabathini ngasekhanda Ekujuleni. Ukhuluma ngalakufundze kanjani ukwakha isisekelo pier ngezandla zakhe igxathu negxathu Umhlahlandlela ngempela ofanele ngisho Umuntu olungolwakhe amakhono aphansi yokwakha.

Ukuze wenze lokhu ngokucophelela bese ukhetha izinto kwesokudla, ukubala kanye ngijwayele ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Uma ugxila izibuyekezo onjiniyela, izinzuzo isisekelo columnar kokulandelayo:

• ezihlukahlukene enkulu izinhlobo izinto ukusabalalisa umthwalo kahle;
• izindleko neyamukelekayo ukusetshenziswa eliphansi izinto;
• umthamo eliphansi ukwakhiwa;
• lithathelwe ezinhle imithwalo eliphezulu.

Ukuze izakhiwo esindayo kanye ezingeni lelisetulu komhlaba asifanele pier isisekelo.

Kanjani ukubala isisekelo

Ngezinye design indlu ezimele bahlale bazi ukuthi izinto ngeke saphansi.

1. Ukuchazwa imithwalo endlini. Isisindo zonke izingxenye isakhiwo ukunquma ngokuphazima kweso. Ukuze lezi kunezelwa futhi zonyaka umthwalo isisindo ngaphakathi kwento. Iphinde uyakucabangela grillage ithonya ngokuvamile ekhiqizwa kusuka ukhonkolo nge kwabantu ngobuningi 2400 kg / m ^3.

2. Ukuhlolwa inhlabathi uhlamvu. Pier isisekelo endlini lakhiwa ngezandla zakhe ngokuvamile akukho laboratory ivivinya Ukwakheka nezakhiwo inhlabathi. Inkomba esemqoka kuyinto ukumelana layo, okuyinto kunqunywa ngokuvumelana kumathebula egcinwa ngaphakathi 1-6 kg / cm ^2. Inani layo incike ukwakheka kanye porosity kwenhlabathi.

3. Inani ukwesekwa. Umthamo eziveza zezinsika luncike ebusweni ukwesekwa. Ngokuvamile isicelo yinqwaba nesithukuthezi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi phansi base isandiso (izicathulo). Kubalulekile ukuba acabangele indlela yokwakheka ukhonkolo nokuqiniswa. Iphimbo phakathi izisekelo incike ukubala futhi ingeqi 2.5 m. Impela phambi kwabo ngaso sonke engeli e kwalapho kuhlangana izindonga, ngaphansi imishayo noma lapho imithwalo kanzulu.

isisekelo impahla

Ungakhetha okuningi ongakhetha sendlela ukwakha columnar isisekelo ngezandla zakhe. Izinto zingase zishintshe kakhulu, kodwa kufanele ibe izinga omuhle. Amanye awo yilawa:

• isihlahla - izindlu ukukhanya, ama-sauna;
• obomvu isitini - I-kobukhulu isilinganiso amakhaya;
• Nechobozekile itshe - ezakhiweni nge izingxenye kwesamba;
• kwagcizelela ukhonkolo - ezakhiweni esindayo.

Pier isisekelo ne simuke namanzi. Step by step imiyalelo ku isakhiwo

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu akunzima kangako lapho wonke umsebenzi sehlukaniswe izinyathelo ehlukile futhi esihlobene, odlulayo ngokushelela kolunye. Uma aphakeme pier isisekelo ngezandla zakhe, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo kufanele zibandakanye wonke izigaba umsebenzi:

1. Ukulungiselela. Usule kwakhiwa futhi ngaphansi ungqimba isisekelo isuswe inhlabathi. Uma kukhona ngaphansi kwenhlabathi equkethe ubumba, kumelwe wenze backfill ungqimba isihlabathi uhlalwane.

Isiteji kuqondaniswe ovundlile sisebenzisa izinga. Ukuze-ke ihlinzeka imoto elula ikhiyiwe nge izinto zokwakha kanye labathaki bamafutha ngokhonkolo.

2. Isakhiwo uhlelo ekhaya. Okokuqala uphawu wabuka izakhiwo kanye nezindawo zezinsika, okuyinto zitholakala ngokuqinile endleleni izimbazo. Amakhona isisekelo endlini kumele kuqonde. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuwohloka ngokunemba yisikhungo imigqa, kanye ekuphakameni engezansi emseleni kuphrojekthi efanele.

3. Ukumbiwa imigodi ngoba amakholomu. Fundam kuyinto melkozaglublennym (70-100 cm) kanye standard (100 cm). Inketho yokuqala kangcono le onamatshe futhi sandy. On ngobumba ezimanzi kwesigaba izingongolo kumele safaka ukujula okukhulu. Pit yokumba akudingekile: izigxobo kungenzeka hammer noma isikulufa yinqwaba isikulufa. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu nengabizi iwukuba bayamba imithombo bese ugcwalisa kubo ngokhonkolo.

4. concreting. Ngesikhathi phansi emgodini ibekwe umcamelo inhlanganisela isihlabathi futhi amatshe. NabasePoland kuthiwa concreted ngqo phansi uma hhayi yithela. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo usethe formwork izinto ezilandelayo:

- Amabhodi, ububanzi esingeqile 155 mm, planed ngu ukhonkolo.

- bhila metal izihlangu.

- amapayipi ngobumba, asbestos noma insimbi. Izibuyekezo eziningi ukusho ngezinzuzo nokusetshenziswa amapayipi, ikakhulukazi phezu nasemithambekeni kuya amashifu nomhlabathi okuxekethile.

- zophahla wazizwa, ezigoqile luqiniswe wire noma Wire Mesh ngaphandle.

Ezansi umqulu uphahlwe a ungangenisi amanzi abaphila izindonga ukuvimbela ukuvuza ikhambi ngokusebenzisa shuttering umqhewu.

5. Ukufakwa nokufakwa. Izinsika kuthiwa kwagcizelela longitudinally ngezinduku steel. Basuke efakwe thwi emgodini ezinjengenyanga lesibopho. Ingxenye ukuqinisa kufanele akhulume 15-30 cm ngenhla isisekelo compounds phambili grillage.

6. Ukufakwa kwezinsika. Uma anvil ibeka ukhonkolo, it is fed nge uphawu izingqimba isidlidlizi. Akufanele ahlale ngaphakathi komgodi ukwandisa amandla. I ukhonkolo akufanele kube too mncane noma uqweqwe, ukuhlinzeka amandla adingekayo kanye lingaqhekeki. Ngaphambi kokuba amandla adingekayo of itheku layo ifilimu futhi moisturize.

Lapho ukusakaza pier isisekelo izitini ngezandla zakhe, yena abethela usebenzisa usimende nosimende.

Ukuphambuka kusuka ovundlile uvunyelwe akukho kuka 15 mm. Ukuze kulungiswe ukungalingani esikhathini esizayo kuyoba nzima. At kubekwa akufanele izikhala.

Ngemva kokuphulukisa, ukusekelwa camera nge-mastic noma ibitume ukuze ungangenisi amanzi. Coatings isicelo 2 amajazi nge laying therebetween futhi ngaphandle emapheshana ukufulela impahla.

Amaphutha ekubekeni isisekelo

Onjiniyela abakhela izindlu bebodwa, akufanele sivumele ukwehluleka nge izisekelo, ngokuyinhloko ezithinta ukuqina kwezakhiwo. Ezimweni eziningi, iphutha ezilandelayo:

1. subsidence engalingani isakhiwo ngenxa ka izinsika zazo ezahlukene noma yokungcwaba ukujula enganele.
2. Amazinga angalingani okusakazeka umthwalo phezu izingongolo.
3. Sebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe izinto yekhwalithi ephansi.
4. Hhayi esikalini ukwakheka kanye nezici phansi.

Ukuze uthole ilungelo ukwakha isisekelo pier ngezandla zakhe, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako ngokugcwele ngesikhathi kwakhiwa.

Ukukhiqiza ka grillage

Ukuze umthwalo kulinganisa ezigxotsheni futhi kuvimbele ukunyakaza lateral at imiyalelo ikhaya ngokudala isisekelo inikeza ngibopha izisekelo columnar e isakhiwo evamile Monolithic ngokusebenzisa isihlenga isisekelo - ovundlile umkaki nemigoqo. anga kwakhe ukuphakama kusuka phansi ezingeni.

Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa ugodo, amaphrofayli metal noma ukhonkolo. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kuze kube seqophelweni ukunamathela izigxobo grillage njengoba linokwethenjelwa inquma ukuzinza isakhiwo.

Eyokwakha kwagcizelela izisekelo obuphathekayo izakhiwo azungezwe kanye ezindaweni izindonga umthwalo eziveza abe formwork lokhuni. Ngaphakathi isethi Uhlaka nokufakwa, it is ngokuqinile exhumene ne projecting izinduku izinsika, bese ibekwe mix ukhonkolo. Surface grillage siqondile futhi uphawu ifilimu kusuka iphele ukuphuma.

Lapho ukhonkolo lithola amandla, ungangenisi amanzi kanye uhlele phezu ukuqala ukufakwa phansi futhi izindonga cocking.

Imiyalo ephelele inhlangano isisekelo columnar sihlanganisa ukusebenza kanye ilungiselelo nokuvikela Zabirko.

ungangenisi amanzi grillage

Top grillage kwenziwe ungangenisi amanzi. Inama ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okuyiqembu ezivamile:

1. Zifakwe phezu itiyela futhi ixubene kwayo ukufulela impahla.
2. On grout grillage sibekwa ingxube isihlabathi 1: 2. Khona-ke impahla ipulangwe ukufulela.

Idivayisi Zabirko

isikhala Underground uvikelekile weathering ilungiselelo Zabirko - uthango kuyo izinsika. It is ezenziwe ngokjuni, akhiwe ngezitini noma ngamatshe. Ngezansi ukusabalala screed ngokhonkolo elinikeza ngesisekelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, okokuqala yenza umsele wamboza ngesihlabathi phansi. Ukuze screed isethi formwork amabhodi kanye nokuqinisa indlela enhle yezinyoni. Ukuxhumana Zabirko nge izisekelo kwenziwa ukuze ugweme ukubukeka imifantu lokhu okusalungiswa endlini.

Cap uzama ukwenza okungenhla, ukuze isakhiwo yinhle. It kulingana ukuphakama izisekelo.

Columnar-strip izisekelo

Kumila izinsika, kuhlangene luhlaka Monolithic ukhonkolo, ehlanganisa zonke izinzuzo zombili izinhlobo elisekela. Lapho esakhiwe columnar-strip izisekelo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo sobldaetsya kuyafana ekwakhiweni simuke namanzi. Isekela ukungena kude ekujuleni, ukudala bavikeleke ukunyakaza yezinkathi ezithile inhlabathi.

Basuke isandla uxhumeke ibhande melkozaglublennym isizinda, odlulayo ngaphansi isakhiwo umthwalo esindayo izindonga. Yonke isakhiwo ligcwele ukhonkolo ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho kuba a okuqinile futhi Monolithic. Lapho ulungiselela isixazululo ezimele ukhonkolo embondelene izingqimba. Ukusetshenziswa vibrators liyadingeka ukususa ngangokunokwenzeka kusukela nenqwaba air Bubbles.

isiphetho

izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene isisekelo columnar kabanzi lisetshenziswe isakhiwo indlu yangasese. Zibonisa enokwethenjelwa, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo kanye ukusetshenziswa ubuncane zokwakha.

Ukuba amakhono ayisisekelo, onjiniyela abaningi kungaba ukwakha isisekelo pier ngezandla zakhe. Step by step imiyalelo izokusiza ukuba awagweme amaphutha nokwenza kuyisisekelo esinokwethenjelwa.