Three-uhlamvu usayizi vesi. Uhlamvu futhi emithathu ilunga vesi osayizi

Esihlatshelelwayo - Lona isipho esihle kunazo zonke, namuhla wathola izizukulwane ophilayo yokhokho. Ngokuhamba wonke umlando omude wesizwe isintu yobuciko yangempela zadalwa: i epics ballads, izinkondlo kanye amanoveli. Abanye abacwaningi bathi, noma iyiphi incwadi iqala izinkondlo, yokuthi ivesi - into yokuqala ukuthi zazilengela kusukela enkulumweni yansuku zonke.

Tinhlobo letimbili yokukhuluma wobuciko

Izinkondlo futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba akahlukile ngu nesisodwa isibonakaliso - izici isigqi, umsindo, noma umbono sokuqhafaza ... Kuyinto indlela ekhethekile inhlangano namagama. Abacwaningi baye bazishisa imibuzo eminingana:-ke kwavela kanjani ngaphambili - evesini noma temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba? Okulungile futhi ephelele? Kungani abantu bedinga ngempela izinkondlo? Lezi izindaba ezihambelana njalo, futhi awukwazi anikeze impendulo esiqondile kubo. Kusukela umsebenzi wakhe olusankondlo, geniuses akubona bonke abasha ukuthi yini ivesi ezimbili ilunga futhi emithathu ubukhulu, indlela ungagxili futhi zikhawu. Kodwa uma, hhayi ngaphandle kosizo le Muses, imigqa ziqala ukuvela bangabona ukuthi isigqi abahlukene, futhi kamuva ngendlela ozithandayo yokuhlela inkulumo usukela yonke indlela umbhali zokudala.

Umlando zezinkondlo Russian

Umsuka omunye umgomo kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa endulo, njengoba isizathu zonke izinto kanye izenzakalo esikhathini esidlule unikezwa amagama athile. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki "vesi inkulumo ethi" lisho ukuthi "inani". Ngolimi olusankondlo unenhlangano ekhethekile, lapho umkhiqizo okulula ukuyikhumbula. umbhalo ezinezinkondlo Kuyathakazelisa ngoba kuwo thina zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezithile, okuyinto zisekelwa ihluzo. Ngaphakathi umugqa olusankondlo, sithola ukuphindaphinda amaqoqo ezinhlamvu ecindezelekile futhi unstressed, akha isitaki. Ngo kwemibhalo zikhona ezimbili ilunga kanye nosayizi emithathu izinhlamvu zamagama ezihamba vesi pentameter futhi ferrets, amphibrach, anapaest futhi Dactyl.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakunoFakazi abacishe babe ngu-30 izinhlobo izinyawo. versification Russian savela syllabic ukuba tonic ngokusebenzisa syllabic-tonic. Uhlelo lwesibili kusekelwe isimiso esikhethekile - e ukugcizelela emgqeni ngamunye kufanele iwe ku ilunga penultimate. Ukuguquguquka amafonethiki isiRashiya nezinye kuye kwaholela ukuvela indlela entsha kwalokho, futhi izinguquko kwenziwe lokhu isiqondiso V Tretyakov, M. Lomonosov futhi A. East. tonics Ngesisekelo syllabo- liyefana ukuphindaphinda stop.

Two-uhlamvu usayizi ivesi

Ubude obuphakathi kwamagama Russian imayelana 3 amaqoqo ezinhlamvu. Ngo ezimbili ilunga Ubukhulu asankondlo amaphetheni Rhythmic avele unstressed unyawo disyllabic. inhlangano Rhythmic usebenza incike umugqa obuphelele. Ngo chorea ukucindezeleka ewela ilunga wesibili iambic - ekuqaleni. Ngokuya ngenombolo amaqoqo ezinhlamvu, zingabantu ezimbili, ezintathu, amane, five-, noma freestyle shestistopnymi. Ngo imisebenzi abalobi Russian bonke osayizi ukuhlangabezana vesi.

Izibonelo chorea ingatholakala A. Pushkin sika "Winter Kusihlwa": "... Storm / inkungu / Sky / amanga ...". Ukubhala le noveli yodumo "Eugene Onegin" mavesi imbongi wakhetha tetrameter iambic: "... Umalume / kakhulu / Thembeka / amalungelo ...". Ngokuvamile akunakwa ukuze ukucindezeleka isiphetho izinga noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenzeka eslphambanweni amazwi.

Three-uhlamvu usayizi ivesi

Ngaphezu iambic futhi trochaic e syllabic-tonic kuhlanganisa dactyl, anapaest futhi amphibrach. Izinkondlo ezibhalwe ngendlela okusondele kakhulu olimini lwansuku zonke. Njengomthetho, ukugcizelela kuzo akuvamile sihamba, nokunye okuningi zingatholakala Ukuphinda amaqoqo ezinhlamvu wagcizelela. In amazwi K. Vishnevsky kungembula ukuthi amphibrach futhi anapaest yathi chithi saka kuphela phakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, sokuthuthwa kwempahla lokusungula Lermontov.

Dactyl - trisyllabic usayizi vesi, lapho nokugqamisa ewela ilunga lokuqala. imbongi Russian Nekrasov ngokuvamile wakhetha isigqi enjalo emsebenzini wakhe zazitholakala tonally nezimo, "ekhazimulayo / Autumn! zdo / rOvy mina / Draenei / emoyeni kusukela / steel / amandla bo / Drita ".

Amphibrach wayevame ukusebenzisa ukubhala wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti Symbolist izimbongi ezifana Alexander Blok, Bryusov, Z. Gippius. K. Balmont wabhala ukuthi ngaphandle ukuphila trisyllabic kungaba usayizi okuyisidina, ngisho abazinikezele inkondlo le nkinga, "chorea / Yamba kanye /, ngomsindo wabo / iDemo / ngizwa / ukukhononda / ukusakaza."

Ngo anapaest ukucindezeleka ewela ilunga lokugcina. Phakathi izimbongi Russian lokhu usayizi vesi trisyllabic waqamba A. Sumarokov e ODE yakhe "amashinga Abobulili", "phezu kolwandle / ogwini / ngihlezi / hhayi elula / Goes mOsm / D ukubukeka." Ngokushesha wathandana amanye amakhosi amaningi ngepeni, futhi eyandayo avele imisebenzi anapaest ebhaliwe.

Nquma ubukhulu vesi ngendlela efanele

Iambic, trochee noma amphibrach ... Kunengqondo, ukukhomba umehluko phakathi kwabo akunzima. Kwanele abale isibalo samalunga amagama bese ubeka ilungelo ngendlela ehlukile, bese ubukhulu kanye kwaziwe. Namuhla ukuhlaziya izinkondlo ukwenza abafundi abafundi Faculty of kolimi. Lolu hlobo lwe-ukuhlaziywa kuvamile kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukukwenza kahle, ukuthi uthisha wancoma umsebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukucacisa ubukhulu umugqa kunzima kakhulu, ngakho zonke philologist saqala kufanele uhlale etafuleni compact ababebalelwa stop elihambisana izici iamb, dactyl noma amphibrach.

Iphuzu lokuqala futhi eyinhloko ukuhlaziywa - umgwaqo we accent. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi sokulungiswa isigqi umbhali isebenzisa inqubo lapho esikhundleni amaphuzu avelele evamile elinye ilunga unkamisa. Ngokwesibonelo: Ake kubo / ngigeza / ngokuphelele Glu / bin / uvuke / kanye / go / Onex. Enkondlweni yakhe edumile silentium! F. Tiutchev esikhethiwe hhayi kuphela indlela yokuqala ukugcizelela ukuba 'bangabe besaqhubeka "izwi, kodwa pirrihirovannye uyama uma ukucindezeleka is yeqiwe.

Into yesibili okudingeka ukubala ukuthi onkamisa abelwe amandla ukuze uvote. Izinombolo nge amaqoqo wagcizelela kuzohambisana ngevesi Ubukhulu elandelayo:

Nge nokubekwa efanele yokuphimisa amagama ngendlela ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi onkamisa zisesimweni eqinile. Kusukela etafuleni kuyoba elula ukunquma umkhiqizo anapaestic, dactyl noma pentameter onesizotha.

Amasiko abalobi Russian: usayizi izinkondlo by Pushkin, Lermontov, Blok

Ngokuvamile izimbongi enkulu emsebenzini wakhe uzama ukusebenzisa zonke tricks, kodwa kunzima ukuthi uqaphela ukuthi ngamunye ukhetha a isigqi esithile. Cishe zonke izinkondlo ekuseni ka Pushkin, kuhlanganise inkondlo yakhe yokuqala enkulu "Ruslan futhi Ludmila", ebhalwe ezimbili ilunga iambic. Three-uhlamvu usayizi vesi umsindo kancane ngamandla futhi ngesizotha, kodwa akatholanga uzwela izimbongi eziningi ezinkulu. Izibonelo dactyl ingatholakala M. Lermontov. Isiko ubhala osayizi ternary ekuthuthukiseni eslphambanweni 19-20 eminyaka, futhi abalobi balo uqhubeke Symbolists. Ngezinye izikhathi Blok, Z. Gippius, Akhmatova nabanye sebefulathele syllabic-tonic wabhala imisebenzi yabo okuthiwa "ethandwa" isigqi enhlanganweni isimiso co-nesilinganiso samalunga amagama agcizelelwe emigqeni. Uhlamvu futhi emithathu ilunga usayizi ingashintshwa ukuze isiRashiya, ngakho lokhu indlela yokwengeza izinkondlo manje kakhulu isidingo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngeke ulahlekelwe ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo.