Railways Museum, Petersburg: incazelo, umlando, amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nokubuyekeza

Museum is hhayi kuphela kungagcini art. Londvolota ifa nomlando umkhakha, umsuka nakangaka ezinkulu, kuzokwenza izwe kwezinkulumo ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, njengoba nje umsebenzi emakamelweni Museum futhi isitoreji izindawo. Umlando sokudalwa, ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa nojantshi ezweni lethu waqala eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule. Njengoba kwakunjalo, olufana inqubo yokuqala, amabhuloho, futhi zaziyoba yini amathuluzi, kusho Railways Museum Petersburg.

ziqala ukuchayeka

Central Museum of sesitimela Isithuthi we Russian Federation Petersburg ku Sadovaya Street ingenye iminyuziyamu endala anikezelwe ekulondolozeni umlando wokucabanga ngokwesayensi. Ukudalwa kwawo abathintekayo mathupha uMbusi u-Alexander I, ngokukhipha lokhu Manifesto ezifanele. Lithi Institute ezimisiwe Corps of Engineers ngesikhathi Yusupov Palace, lapho kufanele bahlale kubalulekile eRussia nakwamanye amazwe umshini kanye nokwakhiwa. Leyo mikhumbi siqala ngo-1813. Esichasiselweni wawusegunjini amakamelo ayisithupha lapho ziphephile eqoqwe ngesisekelo lenye sphere ethile. Futhi kusitoreji kwemibhalo engenayo on ukwakhiwa, izakhiwo komgwaqo, izakhiwo kanye namabhuloho.

Ngo-1823, i-Institute futhi Museum Railways bayiswa Moskovsky Prospect. Ukuze imibhalo kanye ukuchayeka yazuza ukufinyelela bonke abasebenzi ku ujantshi, elivamile ukuvakashelwa zomphakathi Kuye kwavulwa kusukela 1862. Iqoqo njalo agcwaliswa, imithombo eyinhloko babe izinhlangano, zezinkonzo kanye izakhamuzi ezikhathazekile.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yaqanjwa Nicholas mina

Engu-100 kwasungulwa yokuzalwa Tsar Nicholas mina, kuye kwafeza lukhulu ngoba nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ujantshi eRussia, kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula i-ejensi Petersburg Museum, emnikeza igama imithetho yombusi. Ubukhulu igama kanye nenombolo ye nemibukiso ezingaba zidinga isikhala esikhulu. Laqala ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kulowo mhlaba yomphakathi engadini Yusupov ukuze olungaphambili lwesonto yayo ebheke Sadovaya Street. Ngaphandle izinto ezihlobene nebhizinisi ujantshi, Museum ezintsha zathunyelwa izinto Russian setfulo Water Ezokuthutha, bahlanganyela Paris Emhlabeni Fair (1901). Ifa lokhu embukisweni futhi kuyabonakala namuhla Museum, ezifana model of "Plaisir yacht" UPetru Mina, ophihliza iqhwa "iBaikal", amabhuloho nokunye.

Railways okusha Museum kwavulwa ngo-1902, futhi ngo-1904 esinezitezi ezimbili iphiko Yakhiwa ukuze ubonise esichasiselweni ocebile. Lokhu wabeka rarities omkhulu: Isikebhe kaPetru mina, futhi isikebhe uMbusi u-Alexander II, amabhanela we Ibutho ujantshi. Iphiko yesibili yakhiwa ngo-1909 futhi wayiswa sikhungo Museum, okuyinto ngesikhathi eyikhulu.

Nenkathi yamaSoviet

The Revolution futhi kulwiwa cishe wabhubhisa yonke Museum Isikhwama, kuphela imizamo abathanda wakwazi ukugcina cishe yonke. Waqala ukusebenza ngo-1924, lo mbukiso lalinabashumayeli amagumbi amahlanu, okuyinto aqalaze ngokusebenzisa izigaba zomlando ukuthuthukisa ezokuthutha.

Ngo-1934, kwakugcwele amayunithi 11 843 wesitoreji ku-akhawunti izimali Museum. Ngalesi sikhathi Railways Museum wethula umkhuba amagatsha inhlangano, ukuhamba nemibukiso.

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe iye yabangela umonakalo ngokuthi isakhiwo Museum, bonke imibukiso zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo eNovosibirsk. amakamelo yokutakula futhi usebenze ukuchayeka omusha waqala ngemva bephakamisa nokuvinjelwa ngo-1944. Imizamo abasebenzi embukisweni wokuqala wavulwa ehlobo lika-1948, it wahlela Usuku ujantshi esizeni Central Park.

Isimo Central Museum yahunyushwa ngo-1987, lapho kuye kwavula amathuba omkhulu ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi ukuhlangana futhi umthamo wemvula. Ngesikhathi samanje esiteji Railways Museum izindlu lwezinto ezingaphezu kuka-60 eziyinkulungwane, okuhlanganisa amadokhumenti, lithographs, imidwebo, izakhiwo, tinkhulumo, futhi abangaba ngamashumi ayisihlanu yalezi abahamba izitimela zamalahle.

setfulo

Railways Museum (Petersburg) umeme ukubona ziphephile ahlelwe amahholo eziyisishiyagalolunye:

• Hall №1: «Ukuzalwa ojantshi e-Russia". Zezitsha ukhulume kwezitimela okokuqala leli zwe kanye nomhlaba. Ngokwami ungabona amamodeli wesitimela wokuqala, ukuhlola ukuqina kwesandla ipheshana ulwelwesi kuqala. Ngokushesha wabonisa imodeli wokuqala esitimela umusi.
• Hall №2: «Ibhuloho Engineering". On the zezitsha kwehholo ungakwazi ukujabulela ezihlukahlukene ubuhlakani ngempela abantu emkhakheni wokwakha ibhuloho ukuze Railways. Museum inikeza ukubuyekeza onobuhle choma owodwa ithrekhi, ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, ugongolo kanye nezinye izinhlaka eziningi amabhuloho.
• Hall №3: «Rolling Stock". I amahholo embukisweni izithombe, onobuhle wokuqala umusi amakhanda nezinqola. Yethula amasethi eyiqiniso, usinikeza ukuxhumana kuya Railways. Museum igcina izincwadi eziphathelene nalesi sikhathi, okuyinto ingatholakala amafasitela.
• Hall №4: «nezindlela zomzila e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ka 1941-1945.". Maphakathi lokhu umatasa Igumbi diorama, okubonisa kabusha esiteshini zonakale. Futhi ethulwa amamodeli we izitimela armored ezisebenza phakathi neMpi futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe Civil.
• Hall №5: «Isakhiwo futhi umgwaqo imishini". Leli hholo ubukisa onobuhle zomlando owayephila ngesikhathi izimoto okuhloswe ukuba kwakhiwe umgwaqo.
• Zal№6. "Isakhiwo idolo ngomshini." Isakhiwo ibalulekile imvelaphi yabo kanye nomlando. Railways Museum uzigcina ngo-1935, i-prototype kwaba esiteshini Krasny Liman (IDonetsk ujantshi). Kukhona imodeli zokusebenza shunting esitimela.
• Zal№7 "esitimela." Omunye ziphephile okuthakazelisayo. Ikamelo has a izinjini ogcwele. kungenzeka ukulandelela indlela umshini kusukela umdwebo usebenze umshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, embukisweni iqoqo elikhulu izithombe zomlando.
• Zal№8 "Ujantshi imoto". Lapha, ukuvela zenqola, kusukela bakudala kakhulu izimo ezikhethekile, esetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa uwoyela, utshwala, inhlanzi bukhoma, njll Intuthuko yamuva nje onjiniyela Russian ngoba ukunyakaza high-speed, futhi itholakala ihholo.
• Hall №9: «Inhlangano izitimela". Railways Museum is beluthumela amasu kusukela iziteshi lokuqala kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi tangcondvomshini namuhla. Kukhona igibele emikhulu mbumbulu-up (43 budze), okuvumela ukuba uqonde imininingwane yalolu inkonzo Dispatch kuhlanganisa iziteshi ezine, kagesi.

ukwehlukana kwamaseli

Esiteshini, "Swan Lake" Oktyabrskaya sesitimela, Railways Museum ihlelwe endaweni embukisweni eziyokhanga kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. It eqoqwe ziphephile 50 emelela amakhanda yangempela. Ezinye zazo ahlukile futhi basonta iminyaka ezahlukene ukukhiqiza, zikhona amakhanda ka 1913 amakhanda ngo-1944 kanye nabanye. Ingxenye amakhanda ligcinwe ngaso isayithi embukisweni we Riga esiteshini (MSC isitimela) futhi ngesikhathi indawo ye Warsaw Station (Oct. Zemininingwane).

Izibuyekezo

Izibuyekezo Museum Railways izivakashi Petersburg ingxenye enkulu nomdlandla, ikakhulukazi lapho lo papa wenziwe uhambo nezingane. Abadala bathi inombolo enkulu yalezi amakhanda, amakhanda, yokusebenza models. izilinganiso Positive waya iziqondiso, izinkulumo kahle umbukiso ngalinye Museum. Izivakashi kuqashelwe ukuthi selwati iye kakhulu agcwaliswa.

imibono engakhi ubheke inombolo encane izinto kungabonwa kusuka ngaphakathi. Omama nezingane esikoleni futhi zasenkulisa yobudala bakhononda ngokuthi ukhuphuke izinto ezinkulu kunzima.

Kodwa umbono ophelele wezindawo omuhle, cishe yonke belulekwa ukuba adlule kuwo, futhi zize futhi ziyibone yonke into ngokwakho, ngokushesha nje lapho khulula isikhathi. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Railways, Ikheli: Garden Street, Isakhiwo inombolo 50 (metro station "Spasskaya", "Ingadi", "endaweni Hay."). . Amathikithi abiza ruble 300 ngezinsuku zeviki, ngezimpelasonto - ruble 400. Ezinganeni, abafundi abaphezulu izakhamuzi izaphulelo.