River Pinega: isithombe, nemingenela, ubude

Amandla ngamanzi osebeni lwemifula ibilokhu indawo okuhlushwa wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje omthombo amanzi, nezinhlanzi, futhi Waterfowl. Pinega emfuleni - iyathinteka kulokhu, njengoba imibiko amadala kunawo wonke aziwayo ukuthi ibhange kwegama elifanayo wawusegunjini isiphetho, ubheke ngekhulu XII.

Izimpikiswano mayelana igama

Ngu abavumelana ngayo ososayensi elihunyushwe Igama lomfula wangafika. Ezinye zazo yilezi oyikholelwayo ukuthi sihlobana ulimi Finnish, futhi liqukethe amagama amabili - "peni", okusho ukuthi "inja" futhi "joki" - emfuleni. Okudingeka, kungani abantu bokuqala abahlala kuyo Pinega ngakho aphathwayo, kungekuleli ngoba akekho ezakheke noma amabhange ikwenze isilwane efana.

Omunye umbono ukuthi igama kusekelwe impande efanayo, kodwa Baltic-Finnish lwesigodi lasendulo, okusho "ezincane", okuyinto futhi akulona iqiniso, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ubude River Pinega kuyinto 779 km.

Kusukela noma ulimi lwesigodi nor was igama, ke washaya futhi uyaqhubeka Ihlanganisa emfuleni enhle kule Arkhangelsk esifundeni.

I ezindawo indawo emfuleni

Nokuhlanganiswa kwemifula emibili - White futhi Black - ngakwesokudla yasebhange ephakeme Northern Dvina inikezwe "ukuphila" Pinega. Iningi busebenze itholakala esigodini kwimfunda okuyothi kancane ithwala amanzi awo, lichitheke e izikhukhula entwasahlobo nasehlobo iba engajulile.

Ngo sifinyelela yayo engezansi Pinega basondelene kakhulu 'akhethiwe "kuze kufike emfuleni Kula, kwake udonse phakathi kwabo, futhi esikhathini sethu, zaboshwa isiteshi, elakhiwa ngo-20-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka. Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, abahwebi wasebenzisa zazikhishwa ukudonsela esikebheni phakathi nenkathi emfushane umhlaba phakathi nemifula, wabavumela ukuba bangene Kula e Mezen Bay, okuyinto agelezela White Sea.

Ngemva "umhlangano" nge Kuloem Pinega umfula odlula kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga emlonyeni Palengi. Razminuvshis nge it, kuthatha isiqondiso entshonalanga.

Ukuze angaphezu kuka-600 km emfuleni Pinega (Arkhangelsk esifundeni) kuyinto imikhumbi, ngaleyo ndlela ingena kule misele ebhukwini Russia.

Amanzi umbuso

Nge pool 42.000 km ^2, 90% amahlathi, Pinyega has a ububanzi 20 m engxenyeni engenhla futhi-190 m yayo umlomo ingxenye, kodwa iyahlukahluka kukazamcolo. Njengomthetho, izikhukhula kulandelwa kuyanda ngokushesha kakhulu emanzini kubangelwa encibilika iqhwa. Inani Eliphakeme Pinegi imidlalo kwenzeka ngoMeyi, futhi wonke amanzi ukugeleza isilinganiso kulokhu kungase kube phakathi 430 ukuphakama ³ / s 3000 m ³ / s. isikhukhula Maximum kwenzeka ngesikhathi imvula izikhukhula.

ice lokuqala emfuleni ukwakha ifilimu elincanyana ekupheleni Okthoba, ezihambayo kancane kancane kuze kube drift ice, kodwa ekupheleni kuka-Novemba ke sibopha amanzi kugcinwa ngokwesilinganiso ezingu-180, ekuzuzeni imitha ukujiya.

Lapho iqhwa uqala zincibilika, izikhathi iqhwa drift amafomu ukuminyana, ngenxa okuyinto izinga lamanzi lomfula liphuma kusuka 1 m kuya ku-3 m, okuyinto ngokuvamile kwenzeka endaweni Pinyega zokuhlala. Yingakho lapha ngesikhathi esisodwa isifakiwe ophihliza iqhwa ekhethekile, okuyinto kumele aphambane lamagquma futhi kuvimbele izikhukhula kwendawo.

Ngu amanzi Pinegi yizici zamakhemikhali kufakwe isigaba hydrocarbon, futhi ezilamatshe aligugu ayo esikhathini ebusika ingaphezu 300 mg / l, kuyilapho ehlobo - mg 70 kuphela / l. Uma sikhuluma ebumsulweni nasebunyeni, umfula kungokwalabo ngokulinganisela angcolile, ngoba turbidity 50 g / M3.

Incazelo Pinega emfuleni

Lapho amabhange emifula imbozwe ihlathi 90%, kungashiwo ngokuthi enhle, kodwa ikakhulukazi Pinegi kushintsha njalo sezwe ugu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi liqukethe Gypsum namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe esisemanzini sifinyelela phakathi nemithombo yasenzansi. Ilokhu basuse ngesikhathi izikhukhula, amabhange kancane ukushintsha ifomu yabo minyaka yonke, kuba ephakeme, udoti kancane. Kwezinye izindawo, amabhange emaweni akha canyon enhle, lafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha 20 sengathi ukwakha udonga yemvelo ne izinkuni phezu, ukuvikela ukuthula amanzi alo.

Iseduze amanzi ezimbili kwalesi sigodi - Pinega futhi Karpogory ukuthi, naphezu remoteness kusukela impucuko, lidumile abathandi ezokuvakasha kakhulu eqhweni.

No kancane ezithakazelisayo lo nemingenela lomfula Pinega, lapho kusukela ohlangothini lwesobunxele 12, futhi kusukela kwesokudla - 7, kodwa abanendlela eziyinhloko Viya, Yezhuga River, Yule, IIesha River, Pokshenga River, Shuyga, Yavzora futhi Tinga.

entanyeni

Mhlawumbe, ngolimi izwi lasendulo lwesiSlavic "entanyeni" incazelo "entanyeni", kodwa namuhla igama elihlobene ne nesikhundla owumthelela kwesokunxele River Pinega. Nge obuphelele yayo 181 km 2 endaweni ihlanganisa - futhi Pinezhsky Verkhnetoemsky, Yiqiniso maphakathi kanye aphansi wokugeza yabo Vyisky zokuhlala.

Entanyeni njengoba olunothile njengoba Pinyega ukuthi Kwaphawulwa by umdwebi Russian Vereshchagin phakathi nohambo lwakhe kuya enyakatho Russian. Nokubiyela amagquma ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe, ukugeleza yayikhona intuthuko engatheni, ngezinye izikhathi iphazanyiswe Shoals zamatshe olulodwa, okwenza kude kule emfuleni iholidi yangempela.

isiphetho Vyisky, eyasungulwa ngo-2006, empeleni sakhiwa emizaneni lokuqala, sikuhlomele lapha ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII. Iningi lezifiki zokuqala babehilelekile ngokudoba, ukuzingela kanye nezolimo kwakuyingcosana. Namuhla Vyisky isiphetho ehlala abantu 644 nje, ukwakha Umasipala Vyisky.

Yezhuga River

I owumthelela kwesokudla Pinega ubude 165 km, ageleza kule Arkhangelsk esifundeni, bese asebenze ezweni Komi Republic. Qamba ke njengoba ubuzwe anikezwe Komi, futhi lisho "ukuba emfuleni edlelweni", okuyinto iqiniso ngokuphelele.

Ngempela, ingxenye yayo engezansi inflow sidlula exhaphozini umhlaba flat, kuphela sifinyelela ongenhla ngifike "amukela" amagquma. amandla ngamanzi osebeni lwemifula Mnene kukhona kunikela ukudoba nekukhibika etendeni. Lona lapho ungakwazi ngempela senqene impucuko, echitha isikhathi nemvelo - ukudoba, kubutsela amakhowe futhi amajikijolo endle ezizungezile emfuleni.

Sura emfuleni

Ngezinye 395 km kusuka emlonyeni Pinega athele kuyiMediterranean emfuleni Sura, ezakhiwe ekubumbaneni nge Yuromy Surosoroy. Naphezu obuphelele esifushane km 92 nje kuphela, lo mfula ngempela ezinabantu abaningi. Ngakho usebe lwawo asezindaweni sifinyelela engezansi emzaneni entabeni futhi sluduet, Pahurovo futhi iMarkovo, kuyilapho emlonyeni yigama elifanayo sigodi maphakathi kumasipala Sura.

Engxenyeni yasakazwa Sura singadluli 37 m kanye ukujula 0.5 m. Uma kulezi zindawo owakhiwe narodnost chud ngokuthi zavolochskaya. Igama kwakusho ukuthi Chud (Finno-Ugric izizwe) waphila iminyaka zazikhishwa. Esikhathini eside kamuva, mina bazinza lapha abantu abangazimisele ukwamukela ubuKristu futhi wahlukana onkulunkulu bawo abangamaqaba. Tschudi ngamasiko nemikhuba yazo, njengoba abanye ethnologists, basaphila kwamanye amadolobhana.

Igama elithi "Sura" okokuqala ivela Novgorod ilandisa ekuqaleni kwekhulu XII ngokuthi "Sura ezimbi" Sitshela mayelana sengqondo salabo ababenikela wayengafuni ukuba amukele ubuKristu. Yiqiniso, ngemva kwesikhathi eside abendawo baye bamukela lolu kholo olusha kubo, futhi edolobhaneni Sura laba umuzi ongcwele olungileyo Ioanna Kronshtadtskogo.

Ukufika IIesha River

Empeleni, lokhu kutheleka kwabantu Pinegi unamagama amabili nje: abasengxenyeni esempumalanga ye Verkhnetoyemsky District, lapho kuvela, ibizwa ngokuthi Small IIesha River, futhi ngemva nje ejoyinile Pinegskoy Entalu amanzi, kuba IIesha River.

Idolobhana olukhulukazi emfuleni - emzaneni Red elitholakala km 43 emlonyeni wayo.

ezikhangayo Pinegi

Lomfula isithandwa abadobi nenithanda Alloys ngezikebhe iraba futhi abazingeli, futhi nje labo uncamela zokungcebeleka kwezilwandle ubuhle ezazingakaze zithintwe ezweni lakubo. Kukhona izindawo emangalisayo yokupaka, kanye namabhange emaweni limestone (umfula Pinega izithombe siliqinisekise) namahlathi esingangeneki efana sife izivakashi ekujuleni eminyaka.

isithakazelo Special zezivakashi ukujabulela emhumeni abadumile Karst, okuyinto sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka zigaywa amanzi limestone lomfula. Ukuvakasha kwabo kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusika, njengoba kwenza bonke abanye konyaka base izikhukhula, futhi amagama azikhulumele mayelana ubuhle babo. Kukhona emhumeni Snow Queen, I Winter sika Tale, futhi Ice Crystal, futhi bathethelele ngokugcwele igama layo.

Ice elilengayo futhi stalagmites ukuhlangabezana nezivakashi emagumbini azo. Eqinisweni, kukhona lenqwaba emihumeni ukuthi namanje elinde ukuba cavers wathola. Ukuvikela kulawa masayithi zemvelo emuva ngo-1974 ezikule ndawo ndawo yasungulwa, umsebenzi kabani main kwaba ukuvikelwa kanye nokulondolozwa emihumeni Karst.

No kancane ezithakazelisayo ukudoba salmon eMfuleni Pinega. Eqinisweni, futhi zitholakala ngalapha Sturgeon, Grayling, chub, Roach, perch, dace, umbokwane futhi Pike, kangangokuthi akekho ishiywa ngaphandle nibambe. Ubani zijwayele ukuphumula ukhululekile, ukusebenzisa amasevisi tour opharetha futhi bachitha ehlobo lesingeke isivakashi ndlu edolobhaneni. Verkola noma setende kwesokudla lomfula. Nature kulezi zingxenye kuyinto zinhlobonhlobo zezinto sezwe. Leli dolobhana elisoGwini ebhange emaweni, ezungezwe ngakolunye uhlangothi ngu emagqumeni nasemahlathini, futhi ngakolunye - izimfunda.

Leli dolobhana elise sifinyelela phakathi, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqasha isikebhe baye sifinyelela engenhla River Pinega. Zabroska ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi eside, kodwa ukudoba lapha kuhle.

Kulezi zindawo wazalwa, wasebenza futhi wafa Umbhali odumile Fyodor abramov, ondlu baba Museum lakhe eliyisikhumbuzo.

River Pinega - ekhoneni omkhulu futhi unspoilt bemvelo, lapho okufanele uhambe ngayo uma kwakukhona isifiso yokubalekela umsindo impucuko.