Saharomer-vinomer: kanjani ukuyisebenzisa? Yokusetshenziswa, izinhlobo hydrometer

Vinomer (saharomer, hydrometer) kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlola nezilinganiso imishini esetshenziswa winemakers futhi abawenzayo. Idivayisi ngokuvamile yazalwa uphawu ingilazi tube futhi zithwele phansi lakhulisiwe nesicu ewumngcingo eside. Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-high, isilinda mncane, egcwele uketshezi. Lapho bacwiliswa design idivayisi iwayini kuyivumela ukuba untante nge ewugqinsi ekupheleni downwardly iqondiswe. Izinkomba vinomera isuswe endaweni lokuxhumana isikali imisiwe kuwebhu, kanye ebusweni ketshezi.

Yini i-hydrometer ngempela?

Ukuze uthole kwabantu ethize, E. ratio kwabantu kumele noma iwayini isb. Kwabantu amanzi, kumele kusetshenziswe vinomer (saharomer) yasendlini. Indlela yokusebenzisa idivayisi? Idivayisi alinganise inani ushukela zemvelo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uhlole bese ulungise iresiphi isiphuzo ngokuvumelana izinkomba wathola. Winemaker Ungase futhi ulandele inqubo yokubola kwamazinyo, uma kudingeka, kwenze izinguquko ngokushesha.

Noma yimuphi umuntu ukwenza womshini iwayini, uyazi ukuthi kukhona ukuhlanganisa okuqondile phakathi lemali ushukela emagilebhisini (noma ezinye izithelo kanye izithelo), futhi iphesenti utshwala ekupheleni lwezithelo olubangela ukubila.

Kungani ngidinga hydrometer?

Kuzinjongo esetshenziswa vinomer ezilandelayo:

• ukulinganisa ukuminyana ethize ketshezi;
• nokugcina izibalo ezinembile ngu yokufakelwa okwandisa iphesenti utshwala;
• ukulinganisa inani zemvelo ushukela ekhona kumele noma iwayini;
• ukuhlonza amaphesenti ezingaba utshwala ngesikhathi le kwalokho ushukela nemvubelo;
• ukuhlolwa ngentuthuko ukuvutshelwa;
• ukuzimisela amaphesenti ukuguqulwa utshwala ngesikhathi ukuvutshelwa usebenzisa izimpawu "phambi" futhi "ngemva";
• ekunqumeni isikhathi sokuphela ukuvutshelwa, noma ngasiphi isigaba ke kumele kumiswe.

Indlela yokusebenzisa vinomerom (ukufundiswa umthengi)

Uma ukuthenga hydrometer kuyadingeka ukuba banake lokhu okulandelayo:

• isikali ububanzi (esiphezulu kanye esincane) kumele kuhambisane nesimo sawo. Standard nesilinganiso lobubanzi ekhaya winemakers ku ezahlukene 0,990 ukuze 1,120. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze sifinyelele okuqukethwe utshwala ewayinini 12%, kufanele uqale ukuvutshelwa nge gravity ethize ka 1,090.
• Kwamanye uketshezi okuhloswe vinomer? Indlela yokusebenzisa idivayisi, ezichazwe imiyalelo enamathiselwe.
• Ezinye hydrometers kungaba ukukala amandla adonsela phansi ethize, kodwa kakhulu futhi alinganise iphesenti ezingaba utshwala kanye nokuqukethwe ushukela.
• Kumele lokushisa lapho ulinganiswe vinomer indlela yokusebenzisa ethize ukuminyana ukuguqulwa ifomula esekelwe lokushisa isampuli esibekiwe (Samandla lokushisa obujwayelekile +15 ° C).
• Ingabe usayizi uMbhalo kudivayisi usayizi wokulinganisa.
• Kungakhathaliseki kukhona icala zokuzivikela (hydrometers zintekenteke).

Isampula

Indlela yokusebenzisa vinomerom-saharomerom? Mash Sample is batheleka a isilinda yokulinganisa. Hydrometer ehliselwa ketshezi nge ngokunyakaza okuncane ligijima. Iflothi ngeke kujule bese ukuntanta kancane, kuze eyeka ezingeni kwabantu uketshezi.

I vinomer ngaphezulu pops up, ushukela ngaphezulu isampuli. Lapho idivayisi acwiliselwa, ephansi kwabantu ketshezi. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ushukela kulesigaba idluliswe cishe ngokuphelele utshwala noma isampula ke lincane kakhulu.

Lapho wehlise hydrometer endaweni isilinda iziqu kufanele siqaphe ukuthi iyunithi akusho hit phansi futhi abazange bamane batheleke nje.

Indlela yokusebenzisa vinomerom-saharomerom? Ukulinganisa Umhlahlandlela

Nazi izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula kuzosiza ukuthatha ukufundwa zedivayisi:

• hydrometer inzalo, amasampula iwayini osampulako nokukala isilinda sodium metabisulfite noma ezinye Sterilizer efanayo;
• setha inkomishi wokulinganisa phezu flat;
• osampulako ukuthatha isampula kumele noma iwayini, mahhala inzika noma particulate ndaba, njengoba lokhu kuzothinta ukufundwa;
• bagcwalise beaker nge isamba elanele uketshezi ukuntanta ungase vinomer (ngokuvamisile 80%);
• yehlisa ngokucophelela hydrometer ku uMbhalo wokulinganisa (ngesikhathi dive kufanele rotated ngakho Bubbles awunamatheli phansi iflothi, okungase kuthinte ubufakazi bakhe);
• Qinisekisa ukuthi lisebenze asisho uthinte udonga uMbhalo wokulinganisa sintanta ngokukhululekile, thatha ukufundwa ezansi le meniscus.

I meniscus - ijika ezakhiwe ebusweni engenhla ketshezi abaxhumana nabanye into osikweni surface ukungezwani. Izimpawu kumele lususwe ngokubhala izinombolo kusukela zedesimali eyodwa kuya kwemithathu, hhayi abe nomkhawulo izibalo zakamuva, ngoba esikhathini esizayo kuba engabangela ukudideka.

Hydrometer, iziqu isilinda, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye iziqukathi esetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele wageza kahle.

Kufanele kube umkhuba ukuthi abhale phansi ukuthi ulinganisa vinomer. Indlela yokusebenzisa ubufakazi bakhe, elichazwa kamuva kulesi sihloko. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi kunesidingo ukuyikhulumela esikhathini esizayo.

izinhlobo vinomerov

Kunezinhlobo eziningi hydrometer ezahlukene: abanye babe isikali esisodwa kuphela, abanye ababili futhi ezintathu. Ubukhulu ezintathu ezidinga winemaker zimi kanje:

• amandla adonsela phansi ethize;
• lokucuketfwe ushukela;
• share ezingaba utshwala.

inhlanganiso isikali ngokuvamile uqala futhi aphethe ngokucela 0.990 1,120. Ukuze amanzi, inani layo Nokho, ilingana komunye, uma idivayisi zintanta emanzini, ubuso bayo kumele kuhambisane uphawu 1,000. Uma ukuncibilikisa ushukela, ke hydrometer ngeke vela.

amanothi

Umsebenzisi Izibuyekezo anconywe ngokunemba izilinganiso futhi izibalo njalo kabili zihlolwe. Mhlawumbe ekhaya winemaking kokuthola nesilinganiso ngempela lesifanele akusiyo ezibucayi, kodwa umkhuba omuhle, okuyothi ungakwazi ukugwema amazinga kakhulu eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu utshwala ngenxa izilinganiso ayilungile.

Ngokwesibonelo, 125 g ushukela ziyoncibilika kanye nelitha elilodwa lamanzi, uyonika ukuminyana ezithile 1,046.

Izimo letitsintsa ukufundwa

Ngokuvamile, Bubbles of carbon dioxide ezivezwa imvubelo ukuvelela ukuhlakaza emoyeni. Ekuqaleni ukuvutshelwa, lapho kakhulu yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani yabo, anamekwe iflothi bese ukuntanta amandla vinomer. Indlela yokusebenzisa ke kulesi simo, isitatimende sakhe wayeqinisile? Lapho egxilile Izibuyekezo umsebenzisi uketshezi ukuncoma Phendula hydrometer. Ngemva kokuphothulwa asebenzayo ukuvutshelwa inkathi ngokuvamile Bubbles awuseyona inkinga.

Kunenye inkinga, okuyinto kuchazwe winemaker, usebenzisa vinomer ekhaya. Indlela yokusebenzisa lisebenze uma izinga lokushisa isampula lihlukile lokushisa Samandla? Ngokuvamile, kuba elilingana 20 ° C, kodwa ukuzethemba okudingayo ukuze ubuze imiyalelo yomenzi. amazinga okushisa aphakeme kubangele ngaphansi-ukufundwa. Ngakho-ke, umphumela okufanele ukulungiswa.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthonya kanjani ukusebenzisa vinomerom-saharomerom, kuba phambi utshwala. inhlanganiso wayo wokuthi imfushane kunalokho yamanzi, kanye iflothi ingezansi. Ukuze hydrometer it has nemiphumela ukuthi njengoba iflothi Uphakamisa ushukela, khona kwalezi izingxenye ezimbili iphutha inethonya kwenkolo nokuhloniphana lapha nomunye. Izinyathelo isikali ezingeni ushukela lunembile ukuba kuqale ukuvutshelwa, lapho kungekho utshwala in the ketshezi alikho kuphela. Iwayini ukuthi isibilile ezomile, kuyodingeka amagugu esikalini ezimbi.

Ngenhlanhla, umphumela utshwala ngesikhathi kwenzeka lokhu hydrometer uyabikelwa uma uza futhi kungenziwa kubonelelwe bethola lo zezibalo esetshenziswa ukubala okuqukethwe utshwala iphesenti asalile ushukela. Kulapho kukhona inzuzo ngokusebenzisa kwabantu ethize - iwayini ezomile kuba ngezansi 0.999, okuyinto ingasetshenziswa izibalo.

incazelo yaleli izilinganiso

Enye inkinga eba khona uma usebenzisa ekhaya vinomer-saharomer - indlela ukusebenzisa ukufundwa yomculo? Izimpendulo ezivela abasebenzisi Kunconywa ukuba gcina umbhalo yonke imiphumela yokuhlola etholwe okwesikhathi iwayini ethize. Ngokusho eziphethweni eziqinisekile ngisho ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izibalo.

Ukufunda kuqala, ezithathwe ngaphambi ekuqaleni ukuvutshelwa, bathi, isamba elanele ushukela etholakalayo ukukhiqiza lemali edingekayo utshwala. Ukuze ukuzinza lotshwala iwayini therein Kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-10%, okusho ukuthi ekuqaleni ukuminyana ethize kufanele okungenani 1,080 (ye-Brix inani kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka 20). Uma izinga likashukela liphansi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba ulungise, bese wenza elinye nesilinganiso. Inkomba entsha kuyoba "kuqala."

Noma iyiphi idatha etholwe ngemuva kokuqala ukuvutshelwa, ingafaniswa odlule futhi ulandelele intuthuko jikelele lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Ukunciphisa ukuminyana kubonisa ukwehla kashukela futhi ukwandisa okuqukethwe utshwala. Uma ukufundwa ahlale vinomera esitebeleni phakathi izilinganiso ezimbili, ke ingenye izimpawu ukuvutshelwa usuphothuliwe.

Uma kwabantu iphutha luyanda, futhi kwakungeyona ngenxa kwalokho sugar noma ezinye isici imbangela cishe carbon dioxide, ikakhulukazi uma Bubbles ziyabonakala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka eduze kokuphela kwesikhathi ukuvutshelwa, kungenzeka ukuqeda igesi esebenzisa kuhlangana kakhulu iwayini ngemva decanting.

Uma ukufundwa sizinzile nge gravity ethize ephakeme kunaleyo 0.996 (noma uziro ye-Brix noma ngaphansi) kanye nenani oyifunayo utshwala samanje, ukuvutshelwa laqedwa unoshukela asalile. Kodwa uma imiphumela izilinganiso musa ukushintsha kwabantu ukuthi iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma 0.996 (noma ye-Brix ngaphezu kuka-zero), kanye nezinga utshwala kakhulu kwesilinganiso Kunconywa, ukuvutshelwa kungenzeka ukuyeka futhi kufanele luqalwe kabusha.

Uma amandla adonsela phansi ethize eyehlela mayelana 0.996 noma ngaphansi (ye-Brix - kancane ngezansi zero), iwayini isibilile ukuze ukoma.

Ukubala inani langempela ushukela utshwala noma ukubaluleka langempela kufanele kuqhathaniswa ngowokuqala, okuyinto sathathwa ngaphambi kokuqala lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Amaphesenti lotshwala kutholakala ngokuvele azalane umehluko phakathi grammage kokuqala sokugcina 132.