SAU "Hyacinth". Self ezinezinjini wezikhali ukufakwa 2S5 "eseshumi": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe kanye nezithombe

Abantu abaningi abathakazelayo ensimini ibutho izikhali uyayenza uqobo iqiniso ngezindlela eziningi ukuthi wezikhali inganono ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje babe cishe ongaceli. Futhi eqinisweni: Kubonakala sengathi i-ukuthi singakanani, lapho kubusa ku kweminsalo empini? Thatha isikhathi sakho, ngisho simple.

Iqiniso lokuthi wezikhali inganono ishibhile okwenza futhi usebenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuncike ukusetshenziswa projectiles ne fibre-laser-nguThishela ( "Kitolov-2"), okwazi (ku ibanga evamile, vele) ukukhombisa akukho kancane umxhwele ngaphandle kweminsalo, imiphumela enkundleni yempi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokwenzeka usebenzisa sezikhali encane zenuzi. Esimeni semakhaya elikhulu empini, kungenzeka-ke kungaba usizo kakhulu.

Yingakho namuhla sizoxoxa ACS "Hyacinth" - omunye izinhlelo umxhwele kakhulu lesi sigaba.

prehistory

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, self ezinezinjini wezikhali izibhamu sezisungule ngokwabo njengeqembu elehlukile esinamandla futhi iyingozi, khona okungase ngokuvamile ukunquma umphumela impi esivuna eyodwa noma elinye ilungu ukuba lolo dweshu. intengo zabo kwaba kakhulu leliphasi kunaleyo ethangini, kodwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, izimoto ezishibhile hhayi kakhulu kahle armored ozokugiriza ngempumelelo esindayo isitha zempi. Ukuze izwe lethu, kwakubalulekile ikakhulukazi lapho besanda kuqala impi, lapho nezempi kuyinto ngokuphuthumayo esifushane, futhi ukukhiqizwa yayo kwakudingeka lula futhi sinciphise izindleko.

Cishe zonke elihamba ukwahlukana esinenjini wase-USSR e ngemva kwempi ayenendawo amathangi nezibhamu self ezinezinjini nsuku okuxubile. Ngamunye embonini yezezimoto sokuzingela ibutho kwaba qualitative wezikhali izikhali, elimelela ibhethri ngokugcwele SU-76. Khudlwana Ingxenye nezinye izikhali wezikhali, obadalwa phakathi neminyaka yempi.

Zonke ACS, ayifake inkonzo ngaleyo nkathi, eyayihloselwe kuphela ukusekela elihamba ehlasela empini. Nokho, e-post-yimpi imfundiso lempi ngokwethukela enquma ukusetshenziswa amayunithi self ezinezinjini nge noma esikhundleni amathangi.

Eminyakeni 50-60, indima ACS njalo falling. Ngokuvamile kwakukhona umbuzo we ukumisa okuphelele ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwazo esikhundleni yalolu hlobo amathangi, izikhali. Ngakho, lapho babe yingcosana onobuhle ezintsha kwezibhamu self ezinezinjini ezakhiwa kule 60s maphakathi. Cishe bonke zisekelwe ubudala ithangi chassis ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kuhlomisa amabutho amasha zempi.

Yokuncipha kokubaluleka umkhakha

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, uNikita Khrushchev, umlandeli oshisekayo missile, ugunyaze stop cishe ngokuphelele izikhali barreled eSoviet Union. Ngenxa yalokhu, siye abasasilele emuva izitha zayo ezingaba kuka eminyakeni kweshumi. Umlando uye jezisa ngokuphindaphindiwe eU.SSR leli phutha: ku 60s kwaba sobala ukuthi ukubaluleka inganono wezikhali wahlala ezingeni elifanayo. Ikakhulukazi ngokucacile ke usiqinisekisile lesi sigameko eChina, ngemuva kwalokho uNobhala Jikelele uye olubukeziwe imibono yakhe ngalolu daba.

Khona-ke Kuomintang ngisibeké lonke lezikhali imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo howitzers American futhi waqala buthule nomlilo e mpumalanga China. IsiShayina nabeluleki yethu lempi babesesimweni esihle sezimiso kakhulu. Laliphethe izibhamu M-46 osezingeni 130 mm, kodwa projectiles akazange afinyelele amabhethri isitha ngisho nge Tailwind. Omunye abeluleki Soviet ezihlongozwayo indlela yokuqala: ukufeza umgomo, kwakudingekile njengoba kufanele kulungele amagobolondo!

Zombili izinhlangothi bamangala, kodwa reception kuphumelele. Leli cala wasiza sikhuthazeke ukuthuthukiswa ngo-1968 we ACS "Hyacinth". Ukudalwa kwawo wabelwa ochwepheshe Permian.

Izindawo Umsebenzi

Njengoba umsebenzi edingekayo ukuze uqede ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuthuthukiswa usephendukele ngezindlela ezimbili. Ochwepheshe baye abasebenza emkhakheni self-eyayimfuqa nezibhamu towed (amakhodi "C" futhi "B" ngokulandelana). The main ukulawula wezikhali ngokushesha bathunyelwa kula imishini UKWABIWA 2A36 futhi 2A37. Isici esibalulekile salo sazo sasingamashumi kuqhubeke esiyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, okuyinto benziwa ngqo ACS "Hyacinth" hhayi kuphela. 152 mm - usayizi lalivamile, kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi Army Soviet wayengelawo-ke amanye izinhlamvu osezingeni engasetshenziswa yilezi amayunithi self ezinezinjini.

Uhlolojikelele

Ngo Perm lowadalwa wezikhali unit in eYekaterinburg yakhelwe chassis, kanye ne-Institute KUBO ochwepheshe umhlabeleli wacabanga ukudala ofanele kakhulu ezifana uhlelo nezinhlamvu. Kakade ngo-1969 i-Commission ezimbili ongakhetha we ACS emisha ehlongozwayo: ku conning-tower ne umbhoshongo izinguqulo. Kulokhu semukelwa kakhulu yinzondo nobugovu. Ngo-1970, uhulumeni waqala umsebenzi ngokugcwele kwi ACS "Hyacinth". Ekuqaleni 1971, 'isahlulelo umphakathi, "owokuqala inganono osezingeni 152 mm athunyelwa, kodwa ngenxa yokuswela labadubuli amagobolondo wathutha.

Amatilosi "Hyacinth C 'kunabantu abahlanu. Emgwaqeni omkhulu imoto angahamba ngesivinini-60 km / h, amandla reserve imayelana 500 amakhilomitha. Leli bhokisi Yenziwe zempi ipuleti (aluminium ingxubevange) nge ukushuba 30 mm ngu Welding. Lezi zembatho akuyona Nokho siyivikele ezanele izisebenzi, ngisho esindayo izibhamu, kodwa ngoba combat ohambweni kumele kube ngokukhethekile kahle ukuba ucabangisise kahle ngezinselele indawo umshini phansi.

Enye kusimo lokulinganisa "Hyacinth C" kuyinto izinga layo esikhundleni ongaphakeme - hhayi imizuliswano engaphezu kwemihlanu ngomzuzu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi supply izinhlamvu wenziwa ngesandla, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngaphansi okukhulu ukulwa ukubala umane ukuthi bakhathele, elibuye kunciphisa nekusebenta ukulayisha. Nokho - banikezwe izici Ubusika isiRashiya, akusiyo cool isimanga ngokumelene lempi ukuvula isibhamu, hhayi umbhoshongo simboziwe. Ngisho nalapho ebhekene we Chechen "abandayo" isikhathi, kuye kwaba nezenzakalo izibalo frostbite "Hyacinth".

Onjiniyela bangaba izaba ngaphandle yokuthi lokhu ekuqaleni okuhleliwe ngesikhathi ACS "abandayo" impi. Kalula nje, yingoba lwenzelwe ngqo ukulwa imisebenzi eNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho izinga lokubanda ebusika akuvamanga kubonakala ngezansi 7-8 degrees Celsius. Engingakusho nje ukukhumbula ukuthi BMP-1, eyenzelwe izimo ezifanayo, akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu kunobufakazi ngesikhathi Afghanistan (nakuba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene).

Powerplant kanye chassis

Engine-ukudluliswa gumbi elise phambi kwezindlu. Amandla isitshalo amela injini V emise V-59, V emise ephethe namandla 520 hp I engavamile ukuthi ususihlelile kunye ukudluliswa ezimbili ekusakazeni. Gumbi ngoba isibhamu nomyali kwesokudla injini. Ngokushesha ngaphambi cupola elise emsebenzini lomyali komshayeli. Ngokushesha elwa gumbi etholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-izindlu. Amagobolondo ku ukustaka mpo.

Njengoba lisetshenziswe kulesi chassis mshini empeleni efana esasetshenziswa uma udala SAU "Acacia". Kusukela iyunithi self ezinezinjini kungokwalabo uhlobo evulekile isikhali ukukhwezwa obala. Lesi sici avunyelwe ukwenza imoto kancane emifushane. Njengoba isibhamu ukukhweza "Hyacinth" has a usayizi elincane (isihlobo kontanga), kulula ukuthutha ngendiza.

Wayeqondeni ukuhlomisa umshini omusha futhi PKT, kodwa le ndlela ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga. Kamuva, namanje nomthelela iphrojekthi futhi. Ngu 1972, lapho ekugcineni amaphrojekthi ngomumo kokubili "Hyacinth" izinhlobo insimbi ehlukile-case indlela ukushaja. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo wazakhela okufana ne kartuznymi amacala. Nokho, le ndlela iye ningagudluzwa ngale imidwebo. Uchungechunge lwemfundo izibhamu self ezinezinjini "Hyacinth" wangena 1976, futhi ngokushesha waqala saturation kwezinhloko zamaviyo we ubuchwepheshe obusha.

Combat "run" inqubo entsha e-Afghanistan, amasosha ngokushesha wanikeza lesi ukufakwa self ezinezinjini eziningi izici uyababazeka. Bakhandwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlatshwa umxhwele ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla, okungase ngempumelelo esetshenziselwa lapho kubhujiswa lesi enamandla Taliban izinqaba. Kwezinye izindawo, self ezinezinjini 152-mm isibhamu "Hyacinth" wathola isidlaliso of "ukuqothulwa kohlanga," okuyinto ubhekisela amandla ayo ukulwa.

Izici isibhamu

2A37 isibhamu design ejwayelekile kuhle: ipayipi-ucezu, le breech futhi isifonyo ukubopha, ngaphandle okuyinto ke ngeke ukwazi ukwenza nge osezingeni umxhwele ezinjalo. By endleleni ekhuluma, ibhekisela uhlobo igebe. Semi-othomathikhi yokushutha, skalochnogo uhlobo misalignment ovundlile. Gun kufakwe nge ukubopha wokubacindezela Damping uhlobo ukufinyela futhi recuperator (womoya), isici esakhiwa ngo ukuthi amasilinda zalo iphuma kanye umgqomo. I buyisela emuva kencanikhulu - 730 mm, uJesu oyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo - 950 mm.

Rammer enxanxathela yezitolo uhlobo usebenza ngezinyathelo ezimbili: okokuqala uthumela projectile phakathi breech, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba emikhonweni zonke ezifanele. Lula umsebenzi nezisebenzi imikhakha ephakamisa netindlela turning. He jika isibhamu umshini elula, okuyinto idivayisi aqede cishe zonke ukuwohloka okukhulu.

Ezinye izici

Esikhathini ovundlile endaweni isibhamu kungenziwa eyenga ngaphakathi 30 °. Izici ekhombe thwi - of -2,5 ° 58 °. Cannon ikhiyiwe isihlangu okuqinile esivikela nezisebenzi umshini kusuka amachashazi, eziyingozi kanye wave shock akhicitwe nakuchubeka kokudubula. Isihlangu senziwa isibhakela elula esuka ishidi elilodwa zempi steel. Nalapha futhi, ukuthi "Hyacinth" - SAU. Izithombe zibonisa enhle ukuphepha kwakhe ongaphakeme. Lesi sici yaleli su kungenxa yokuthi i-izibhelu ngqo isitha akuhloselwe.

Okubonwayo amelwa elula emehlweni mechanical D726-45 ehlelwe PG-1M-panorama isibhamu. Ukuze iziqondiso okuhloswe zamuva iningi ezibonakala kakhulu eziklanyelwe riflescope OP4M-91A. isibhamu ukala 10.800 kg.

Ulwazi on the chassis kanye nezinhlamvu

Ukuze kube sezingeni elifanele chassis ACS 2S5 "eseshumi" yayakhiwe base efanayo ukuthi we yokulawula ngokuzenzakalela uhlelo 2S3 "Acacia". Njengoba kunjalo nge "Acacia", zonke izinhlamvu ufakwa umzimba, kodwa izimpahla izinhlamvu kuya isibhamu ngesandla. Ngaphandle, emva imoto, benza okukhulu ipuleti isimame. Kusekelwe phansi necala lokudubula, etshela ukufaka ukuzinza kunesidingo.

Yingakho ACS "Hyacinth" isimiso, awukwazi ukudubula sendleleni. Nokho, isikhathi ejwayelekile ukuletha izitshalo kusuka uvakasha ukulwa kuba imizuzu emine kuphela, ukuze ukusebenza okungokoqobo kwezimiso okuzenzakalelayo elawula uhlelo kuphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu isibhamu self ezinezinjini inekhono kakhulu, okuvumela ukunyakaza ngokushesha empini. Ungakhohlwa imishini esakhelwe for ukugxilisa. Ukusebenzisa ke, amatilosi ungakwazi ukungcwaba imoto emhlabathini ngemizuzu embalwa nje.

You azi ukuthi ekuqaleni wakhonza njengephayona abasebenzi izinhlamvu VOF39 projectile, eyayintula isisindo ingqikithi 80,8 kg. Ukuze abatelekile umphumela therein okuhambelana RP-29 icala (46 kg), okuyinto esetshenziswa cishe ezinhlanu amakhilogremu eqinile alufakwa A-IX-2. Blaster - elula (eshaywayo) B-429. Ngemva kwesikhashana, onjiniyela wadala ZVOF86 shot okuyinto kokuba isivumelwano RP-59 projectile ingasetshenziswa hit okuhloswe ngaso amabanga kuze kube amakhilomitha angu-30.

Ngo izinhlamvu ezivamile kuhlanganisa ezintathu kweshumi isibhamu ehlukile-case ukukhokhisa, phakathi kwabo kukhona izinhlobo ezintsha isibhamu kanye ngcono ukuma sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza, kanye ezicitshwayo esisebenzayo laser homing.

"Imbali Nuclear"

Ngokuvamile, it is hhayi kakhulu ikhangiswe cindezela yethu. Entshonalanga sekuyisikhathi eside washelela libike ukuthi ACS "Hyacinth" ingasetshenziswa amandla sezikhali zenuzi 0.1-2 KT. Kuyaziwa ukuthi namuhla achazwayo ngokuphelele projectiles entsha osezingeni 152 mm ezweni lethu ngenxa "Hyacinth". Omunye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu iyona ibhomu cluster 3-0-13, ne izinhlelo ukudala siqu ukuqoqwa zabo ngasocansini ngaye. Kubukeka amagobolondo ethembisa kakhulu okuhloswe ukwenziwa ukuphazamiseka asebenzayo athiya sina noma zikwenza electronics isitha.

wezindlela

Lokhu isibhamu yakhelwe nokubacindezela wezenzo wezikhali isitha, abhubhise bunkers nezinye izinqaba ensimini, abhubhise ahlukahlukene isitha umyalo okuthunyelwe (kufaka ngemuva), kanye ekunqandeni zempi esindayo lesitha. Njengoba sekushiwo nokuzwa nomlilo kokubili umlilo oqondile (optical), kanye nesikhundla avaliwe (nokuzwa mechanical). Njengezinye wezikhali kanye izingalo ezincane production ezifuywayo, ACS ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuzo zonke sezulu kanye izimo zezulu.

Ngeshwa, 2S5 isibhamu namuhla kakhulu kwedethi ngokuya zokuziphatha. Nokho, lokhu izibhamu self ezinezinjini, futhi kuze kube namuhla luhlala omunye kakhulu imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo amayunithi self ezinezinjini of production ezifuywayo, futhi kule ndaba, "Hyacinth" kuyinto yesibili kuphela "peonies" ne osezingeni yayo 203 mm.

Ngokungafani izinhlelo ezifanayo alesi sigaba, isibhamu ukukhweza, "Hyacinth" awuzange idluliselwe kunoma yiliphi izwe of the Warsaw Pact atheleka. Kuphela ngo-1991, ngemva nje kokuphuma kokuwa kweSoviet Union, Finland usezuze amayunithi 15. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengamanje idatha ukuthuthukisa esikhundleni esanele ukuthi othomathikhi indawo elawula uhlelo okumelwe asinike amabutho ethu lapho, ngenkathi abaphikisi ezingaba yentuthuko kule ndawo Akupheli. Ngakho, asazi ukuthi bangaki ayobe esaphila "Hyacinth". Self ezinezinjini isibhamu kwalesi imodeli isikhathi eside ngempela kusukela kakhulu kuyoba on ibutho lethu.