Sofiya Suzdalskaya Isithonjana: lokho kusiza?

UMfundisi Sofiya Suzdalskaya ingenye abangcwele ohlonishwayo kakhulu esikweni Orthodox waseRussia. Disemba 29 - ngosuku ukufa indela UZandile - kwaba imemori esemthethweni usuku ekhalendeni isonto. izinsalela Basendulo isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso St Sophia, namanje agcinwe Pokrovsky sezindela e Suzdal, kukhona shrine eyinhloko yesigodlo. Eza ukukhuleka abathembekile ekude ukuphulukiswa ekuguleni nosizo ezintweni ezinzima.

Sofiya Suzdalskaya noSolomoni Saburova

Bambalwa abantu namuhla ukuhlobanisa la amagama amabili. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Pilo lo hlaba St Sofiya Suzdalskaya (1490 -. 1542) wayengomunye wabesifazane elikhazimulayo isikhathi esiningi. Izindaba uye wahlala lapho uSolomoni Saburova - ngomfazi Vasily III, zinyanga Grand UMbusi eMoscow.

Ukukhetha nanhlanu uSolomoni umbukiso likamakoti, isingathwe ngumama wakhe, Sofiey Paleolog, isiko WaseByzantium, Prince uVasili ukungajabuli eseduze. Ngokokuqala ngqá umbusi eMoscow washada "semfene" we boyars, hhayi umndeni kwesikhulu. Noma kunjalo, Solomonia ezinhle futhi zenzisa wathola uthando nenhlonipho inkantolo.

share kwesikhulu

Maye, isiphetho kwaba nezinhlekelele ezihlasimulisayo. Zonke engamashumi amabili sishadile, iPrincess wayelokhu engenabantwana. Awuzange ukusiza noma imithandazo eqotho, akukho uhambo oluya endaweni engcwele, amasevisi ababaningi emathempelini. ukungajabuli Grand Duke lakhuphuka isimo engajabule emhlabeni Solomonia ngokuya evuthayo. Bamagange bafuna ukuba abe nendlalifa, Basil Okwesithathu sinqatshiwe ukushada abafowabo, ngoba wesaba ukuthi izohamba sobukhosi yomshana wakhe. Konke lokhu kwamphatha kumbi khulu inkosazana smart futhi ezinhle, kodwa wayengakwazi ukwenza lutho.

isehlukaniso Grand

Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi akuyona uHenry VIII waqala isiko isehlukaniso wasebukhosini.

Ngo-1525, ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili umshado engenabantwana, Vasily lwesithathu wanquma ukuba ihlukane nomkayo. ngezilimi Ububi wagomela ukuthi 'kwakunabantu izintelezi "abasha Princess Elena Glinsky, ngawo Basil kokushada, hhayi kokulinda unyaka.

Isehlukaniso Basil Okwesithathu waba ngowokuqala futhi engakaze ibonwe emlandweni Russia. Prince wanquma ukusekela boyars, kodwa ngokuqinile walahla abapristi, iningi labo ukuze kuvikeleke nenkululeko inkosazana ikhokhwe.

Noma kunjalo, kwenziwa isinqumo. Prince waya "wona khulula", futhi ngemva kwesehlukaniso, Princess Solomonia kwadingeka ukuba izithembiso bese uyeka abangena esigodlweni sezindela.

ndela eyisithunjwa

Njengoba efundile ukuphuca ukhakhayi lwakhe Sofiya Suzdalskaya? The Life of Saint iqukethe ezimbili izinguqulo yamukela monasticism. Ekuqaleni walaliswa ngenkani tonsured ngu wabaholi komyeni wakhe, okwesibili - engasafuni sokulwa okukhona ngaphakathi eqenjini ukuxabana nokubona ukungazali zabo, wacela imvume yokudlala ngokuzithandela ukushiya esigodlweni sezindela.

Umlando wanamuhla uthi i-Nun Sofia, futhi Duchess ke grand, inkanuko, njengoba ayengakwenza, wamelana ukuphuca ukhakhayi, umzamo wokugcina abanyathela umkhuba indela sika. Nokho, ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi kwesihenqo - ke isifiso Prince uSolomoni ilalela. Nokho, nge isimo sakhe esisha Sofia indela kabaze baba lakho ukuma namanje isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Ngokusho yemicimbi yemihla isikhathi, ukuthatha isikhundla sakhe esisha, wathola induduzo emthandazweni nemibhalo Izigodlo. Omunye legends uthi indela, ngubani wayengesabi yimuphi umsebenzi uqobo zagubha umthombo for yesigodlo, lapho sezindela kwakungewona amanzi ngokwanele. Kuze kube namuhla uye lahlala exhumene ukumboza ethuneni ongcwele Efros zihlaba. Sofiya Suzdalskaya ababephila ngesikhathi ohlonishwayo njengoba ezincisha injabulo yeqiniso, womusa nokukhonza okuyisibonelo ukuze uwine uthando nenhlonipho odade, izindela zonke lezo ababemazi.

Cishe zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe okwalandela e monasticism atehlukanisa labetibambile ngaphakathi kwezindonga Pokrovsky wezindela Suzdal, lapho wembelwa 1542.

Izimangaliso Sofia Suzdal

Ngokushesha ngemva kokufa indela UZandile engcwabeni yakhe yaqala kwenzeke izimangaliso zokuphulukisa. Ngakho, ngo-1598 kwaba khona ukukhululwa sokuqala esilotshwe kusukela ubumpumputhe UPrincess Anne Nechtevoy. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, ngendlela efanayo emangalisayo ethuneni saint wabona ukukhanya omunye wesifazane ngaphezulu. Eminyakeni eyalandela bachazwa nezinye zinguquko ezimangalisayo. Nomthandazo Suzdal UZandile sisizwa izifo iso, ubuthulu, ukukhubazeka nokuphazamiseka engqondweni.

Akukhona nje umelaphi, kodwa umdlali wasemuva kwaba Saint UZandile. Ukuvela ngezendabuko Izigodlo kanye ikhandlela elikhanyayo ezandleni umholi yebutho Polish, wasondela yesigodlo, Sofiya Suzdalskaya ukulondolozwa abode lwakubo.

Indlela ukuchaza lesi senzakalo "Historical Collection lomuzi kaNkulunkulu ezilondoloziwe Suzdal 'futhi umlobi wezenzakalo ka ngekhulu le-18 Umpristi u-Ananiya Fedorov: yokwesaba okukhulu ishanelwe umkhuzi Lisowski kusukela umbono ingalo ongcwele futhi kwesokudla ayehambile ukulala, kuyilapho abanye kukhona nabasePoland wawa phansi kanye namahhashi, lesi sifo ethintekile. amabutho esitha lwahlehla futhi isenzakalo esimangalisayo kakhulu wayechazwa phezu itshe lethuna we injabulo.

Memory ngemva kokufa

isonto Esemthethweni wamemezela nokudunyiswa indela UZandile njengoba saint kuphela ngo-1650 - eyikhulu ngemva indawo yayo yokuphumula, futhi umbuzo nokunxusa wathatha ngemva kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva kokufa abantu baqala amdumise njengoba saint, futhi ibandla baya ethuneni lakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho elidala, pre-ukunyathelisa ikhalenda it is ngokuthi kungcwele indela olungileyo, kodwa iPrincess UZandile.

Phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo - the indlalifa okwase kukudala ilindelwe Prince Basil nomkakhe wesibili, Solomon-UZandile zikhunjulwe indela ndela futhi ezihlonishwayo bekungelegolide kunalokho wendawo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho ngaleso sikhathi Prince Andrew Kurbsky encwadini ayibhalela inkosi yabiza UZandile uSolomoni uMfundisi martyr, abangenacala ongcwele. Ngokusho yetinsita inkosi Ivan wagcina wesine e Suzdal Pokrovsky Monastery nangokuya ilobolo, wayifihla sakhe ethuneni indela umgubuzelo, eyenziwe workshop komkayo othandekayo Anastasia Romanovna ngokuqondile njengesipho Lethuna Elingcwele.

Ngakusasa Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich nokudunyiswa St Sophia ka Suzdal ikhuphukile nakakhulu. On ithuna i-Nun izindelakazi uzibophezele pilgrimage eminyene amalungu asebukhosini bakhononda ngokuphindaphindiwe abode ukuvakasha kwakho. Ngaphambi ngasinda umgubuzelo ezifekethisiwe ethuneni lakhe kubhalwe ukuthi wakhe ngesithombe koMsindisi, ethula sezindela indlovukazi Irinoy Godunovoy. Umbhalo kuqinisekisa ngonyaka futhi injongo yomnikelo.

Ayebukeka Princess Solomonia

Kuze kube manje ongafikanga iyiphi portrait sokuphila of Princess Solomonii Saburovoy. Asazi ukuthi lezo zithombe owawukhona ngaso sonke, njengoba portraiture, njengoba art wokuziphilisa, wafika Russia kuphela engu-uPetru, ngemva kokuphenywa kwecala cishe ngemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka Wachaza izenzakalo. Wasinda emincanyana eziningana ezivela lwemilando, esibonisa scene umshado Basil III noSolomoni ukuphuca ukhakhayi Princess nezinye iziqephu eziningana zomlando nokuphila lo mbhangqwana kwesikhulu. Abaphila Besikhathi wachaza Solomoniyu Saburovu njengomuntu wesifazane enhle ngokubabazekayo.

19 oqoshiwe wangekhulu ubonisa owesifazane osemusha amnyama asebegugile izici ovamile tiara futhi izingubo ezibizayo. Ingabe lokhu Solomonia efana isithombe portrait wadala ngomculi inkathi zothando, kunzima ukusho. Ekuqaphela umfanekiso waso njengoba indela, kodwa okungenzeka kakhulu, liphinde yabhalwa ngemva kokufa uMfundisi Solomon-Sofia.

I iconography Saint UZandile

A sebuningini imifanekiso, kulotshiwe 19 - kwelama-20, e-St Sophia Suzdal kukhona ngokuhambisana WaseByzantium isithonjana-yokudweba njengeziyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli: a hood indela paramanu kanye oluluhlaza, engowenhlabathi cishe umbala ensundu nengubo ebubende noma ingubo cherry amnyama. Ubuso nezandla ibhecwe ocher, amehlo amakhulu round, nomzimba omncane, impumulo iqonde, umlomo omncane.

Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke isithombe indela UZandile sihlehlela Engxenyeni yabantwana ngekhulu le-17 yesibili. Yiqiniso, sinesizathu isithombe nehaba yohlu lwezincwadi ezingcwele futhi beyiziphukuphuku ukufuna kuyo into efana mfanekiso izincazelo kanye nemifanekiso kaSolomoni yangempela owaziwa. Igama master, ngubani kwavele isithombe ebhodini, ayikaziwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi uphawu endala Saint UZandile yasungulwa abadwebi ahlale wakhe siqu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuyi-iconography bendabuko, okuholela kusukela kuqale isithombe, kukhona ngemfanelo saziso - emqulwini ebamba Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Lolu phawu ubhekwa ngokuyisimangaliso, futhi mhlawumbe senzelwe ethuneni saint.

ukuqashelwa ongcwele

ISonto Lobu-Orthodox igama lekhalenda Sofia Suzdal khona unyaka ngaphambi inguquko. Ngo-1984, it "ngokusemthethweni" busuka aphethe zabangcwele, kodwa kuze kube manje kuphela endaweni Suzdal, futhi kusukela ngo-2007 Hagia Sophia lihlonishwa ezingeni vsetserkovnom kakade.

UMfundisi Sofia washiyela bangcwabe ngokwabo emhlabathini. isifiso Strange ngokokuqala, ngoba abantu ngokuvamile wo hlinzeka senziwa bangcwabe emathuneni itshe, crypts. Angaphezu kuka engamakhulu amane, kusukela 1542 kuya ku-1990, umlotha wakhe wahlala ungaphazamisekile.

Ngo-1995 ethuneni lakhe kwavulwa esigodlweni kanye izinsalela Sofia Suzdal ngikweluleke asuswe umhlaba. Ziyakwazi manje kokubuka umdlavuza avaliwe Pokrovsky Cathedral. Kuyinto shrine eyinhloko yesigodlo ukuze okuyinto edonsela zabaningi. Ngaqaphela iqiniso lokuthi, ngemva elele phansi kweminyaka lemine, izinsalela babe incorrupt. Nokho, ngemva kokuvula ethuneni, ayetha e Ngemizuzwana.

Yini efika ongcwele

Nge izicelo ahlukahlukene nangokunxusa ubheke i-Nun Sofia. Ngisho esikhathini sethu uhlu lwembula izimangaliso zayo olusha nge ubufakazi obusha. Ikakhulu kwenza isicelo sokukhululwa zonke izinhlobo izifo. Ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi yini umphulukisi lihlonishwa abantu Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Yini eyenza kube ongcwele kakhulu? Njengoba sikhumbula, ngesikhathi impilo iPrincess Solomonia ke wayeyinyumba. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi isimanga - umthandazo Saint UZandile esiza ukuthola ingane osekukade imibhangqwana engenanzalo ingakhetha ezintweni.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi zisibonisa indlela thathaza astray ukuze avikela izingane ekulimaleni futhi wasiza ukukwehlisela amadoda oqumbile endala uhlamvu.