Impucuko kwetheknoloji: incazelo, umlando, ukuthuthukiswa, izinkinga futhi amathemba

ngempucuko yesimanje zobuchwepheshe inezici eziningana key. Chief phakathi kwabo lokuthi emphakathini ezifana kwasekuqaleni kuhlale inqubekela-phambili yesayensi inkululeko yabo.

Ukuvela kwegama elithi

Igama elithi "impucuko zobuchwepheshe", noma "technocratism", wabonakala ngo-1921. Ngokokuqala ngqá ke eyayisetshenziswa sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Thorstein Veblen. Encwadini yakhe ethi "The onjiniyela kanye uhlelo ngentengo," umcwaningi wagandelela ukuqakatheka kweLizwi imizamo ahlangene onjiniyela emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuphila ngcono emhlabathini.

Lo mqondo laba yintandokazi ngokushesha kwabaningi emphakathini ngokwesayensi. Abalandeli Veblen baqhubeka Ukuhlolwa esasisandulele. Sekube eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana njengoba lokho impucuko zobuchwepheshe. Endaweni yokuqala ke wayephikisa umphakathi wendabuko. impucuko okunjalo libhekene yokuthi amalungu alo abazama ukonga indlela ezaziphila ngayo ngaphambili. Aqondiswa isiko kanye kabuhlungu ahlupheke izinguquko. Kuyinto umphakathi nge ukuthuthukiswa kancane nomphakathi. impucuko kwetheknoloji yakhelwe izimiso aphikisanayo - inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, intuthuko, amasu amasha kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo, ukulungela ukuzivumelanisa izinguquko ngokushesha.

Kubaluleka intuthuko yezimboni

Technocratism - kuyinto impucuko (lokusho kutsi indlela inkampani), kodwa futhi imibono evamile hhayi kuphela. wabasekeli bawo bakholelwa ukuthi akukho ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi. Ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa esifanayo ubuchwepheshe kuholela izinguquko ekuphileni komphakathi. ukukhula Technical - akuyona nje kumnandi ukuba ososayensi. Libuye libe yokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi zomphakathi (isibonelo, ukususa igebe phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu).

ngempucuko yesimanje (man-made) eshintsha hhayi kuphela indlela abantu ekhaya, kodwa futhi isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. Lokhu amafilosofi kusho ukuthi isimo okufanele abuse hhayi umholi onekhono, isikhungo ecacile kwamandla. Izinqubo elawula izwe umsebenzi umphakathi technocratic ngaphandle kokubheka inqubomgomo ethize. Eqinisweni, ubuntu iba umbusi ngasendleleni. Endaweni yokuqala kakhulu isimo umshini, okuyinto, ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba alo yezenhlalakahle evusa phezulu abaphathi eliphezulu kuphela, hhayi populist, ezithembisa ukhetho abavoti ezintabeni egolide. impucuko kwetheknoloji iphethwe yi- ochwepheshe - abantu Umsebenzi eside wafuna onekhono kakhulu emkhakheni wabo.

INGEMUVA ukubukeka

Namuhla kunzima ukuphika ukuthi isayensi injini eyinhloko intuthuko. Nokho, isimo sengqondo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe akubanga kamnandi njalo. Ngisho nalapho isintu ushiye ngemuva ngenkathi ubuqaba, eside isayensi bekulokhu eziningi ukuhluleka ukuhambisana kahle. ezweni impucuko Okokuqala esavela endulo, yebo, libhekisela eqenjini emiphakathini yamasiko. Kuzo zonke zazo endaweni ebalulekile elalihlala amasiko.

I imfuneko kuqala ukuvela intuthuko yezimboni kungenziwa kuphawulwe Polis yamaGreki asendulo. Lena kwakuyimizi enezivikelo ezimele, indima ebalulekile empilweni nobani kudlalwa ongqondongqondo nososayensi. Izinqubomgomo babebuswa intando yeningi esikhundleni kobushiqela zasendulo umashiqela. Kulezi emadolobheni, uquqaba lwezingelosi okusungulwe abantu abalulekile.

Silwe umphakathi wendabuko

Umehluko phakathi umphakathi wendabuko nempucuko zobuchwepheshe nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abantu kwadingeka amakhulu amaningi eminyaka ukuba zizibonakalise zabo ukuba bathuthuke. isenzakalo esiphawulekayo impucuko zobuchwepheshe waqala ekhulwini xv-XVI., Lapho esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu wafunda mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu INguqulo Yezwe Elisha. Ukuvulwa sezwe osogwini olusenyakatho ezikude zagxila ilukuluku abakhileyo emhlabeni Katolika. I engumthengisi kakhulu futhi isinyathelo baye baba amatilosi nabahloli bamazwe. Bathola elalibazungezile futhi enothisa ulwazi Bakwethu. Lesi senzo ngeke kuthinte isimo jikelele kwengqondo. Ekugcineni, inani ulwazi ku izinga.

Omunye izithiyo main ekuthuthukiseni ekuqaleni umphakathi ezenziwe umuntu kwaba inkolo. Isonto ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu kwaba isikhungo esibalulekile - kokubili ngokomoya nezombusazwe. izimbangi wakhe kwathiwa izihlubuki futhi washiswa esigxotsheni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI eJalimane wazalwa ukunyakaza beziNguquko. ngqondongqondo wayo uMartin Luther wakhuthaza kabusha yesonto. Ngo umshumayeli, uquqaba lwezingelosi abasekeli, kuhlanganise amakhosi German kwesikhulu. Ngokushesha waqala esempini phakathi kwamaProthestani namaKatolika. It kwaholela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu '(1618-1648), okwathi ngemva kwalokho isimiso senkululeko yenkolo usumisiwe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.

Umthelela intuthuko emnothweni

Umphakathi omusha usephendukele izinsiza kakhulu imfundo. Vula amanyuvesi, abantu bafunde futhi bethola ukuthi leli zwe elisizungezile. Ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe kuye kwaholela ekukhuleni komnotho. ezisunguliwe ezinjalo ezibalulekile ezifana lo uhlaka lokweluka indwangu noma, isibonelo, a kubhayela isitimu Unike amandla kwamanye amazwe ukuze ukwandisa umkhiqizo wabo siqu futhi yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi.

Inguquko yezezimboni kwekhulu XIX wenza England umbuso wezwe omkhulu nge amakoloni zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Yiqiniso, kwaba impucuko zobuchwepheshe. Izinkinga sokuthuthuka kwaba ngenxa yokuthi abantu baye babe amakhosi nezwe lonke, hhayi nje ufunde indlela yokusebenzisa imithombo yayo.

Ukubaluleka kwenkululeko civil

Phakathi Renaissance Yokukhanyiselwa kwakukhona zamagama imibono eziningi zezwe lasendulo futhi imiphakathi yobuKristu. Imibono entsha kusuka kulokhu lezisekelo ezimbili kuphela best. Ikakhulukazi, kwaba uthando yomuntu. imibono Ukukhanyiselwa babe ukuthi akukho lutho umuntu ezibaluleke kakhudlwana olulodwa emhlabeni.

Lezi zimiso manje yisisekelo we imithethosisekelo lamazwe kakhulu emhlabeni. Chelovekotsentrichnost yaqale esasimenyezelwa iphuzu eliyinhloko ngemuva ekumenyezelweni kukazibuse American. I nomthethosisekelo walelizwe entsha zonke kwenkululeko ezinkulu zesimanje civil zaboshelwa. Indlela efanayo eminyakeni embalwa waya eFrance, lapho kwakukhona khona revolution owabhubhisa oludala lapho sibhekene olandelanayo ohlanga ngokuphelele. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuze uthole enye i kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, imiphakathi ehlukene ngezindlela zabo bafuna inkululeko civil, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukuba zibone ngeso lengqondo impucuko zobuchwepheshe.

Ukudlondlobala intuthuko yezimboni

Ngekhulu XX, abantu nempucuko zobuchwepheshe yayiswa esigabeni esisha ngendlela. Ngalesi sikhathi, kakhulu asheshisa loshintsho nomphakathi. Namuhla, empilweni kwesinye isizukulwane kufanele kangaka ezintsha njengoba kwakukhona ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka ngaphambi kwalokho. impucuko kwetheknoloji nayo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "entshonalanga", egcizelela endaweni yomsuka wawo. Namuhla, indlu yezindela eyinhloko oda efanayo ezidlula - eYurophu nase-United States.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi namuhla inhlekelele intuthuko yezimboni azinakwenzeka, ngoba imithombo sokuthuthuka akubi indawo entsha namasiko njengakuqala (ingcindezelo, nokunye. D.), Futhi kabusha uhlelo olukhona. Impumelelo eyinhloko aphuma umphakathi wendabuko a technocracy angabhekwa ushintsho yamanani. Namuhla into ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umphakathi ezintsha, into entsha, njengoba enzeka.

impucuko Traditional nezobuchwepheshe azikwazi ukuhlangana. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi wesimanje elinesimo ukusabalala ashukumisayo ukuba wonke amagumbi planethi. imiphakathi Traditional ngokwabo ekubeni akusebenzi nabo ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Thina abalandeli yesiko kanye intuthuko abanenzondo kukhona eyodwa kuphela indlela yokusinda ezweni lanamuhla - ukubeka inkampani yakho endleleni lokwehlukaniswa. Ngakho uhlala ka-North Korea, okuyinto ayiboni kokutholakala West ngisho isekela ngayo ubudlelwane kwezomnotho.

Indoda Nature

Omunye izimpawu zendawo esibaluleke kunazo zonke intuthuko yezimboni bekulokhu isifiso yomuntu ukuba ngahlule nemvelo. Umuntu akazange ngokushesha ngafunda banakekele nezwe elibazungezile. yobushoshovu yakhe ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemithombo yemvelo ngokuvamile iholela izinhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu, kuyingozi imvelo. Uchungechunge lwemfundo izibonelo ezithi azifane ozaziyo ingashiwo eChernobyl inhlekelele. Lokhu kunjalo lapho abantu ngokushesha lashona sezisebenzisa itheknoloji etja, abangazange okwamanje wafunda ukuyisebenzisa. Uhlanga lwesintu lunezinye ekhaya eyodwa kuphela. Isimo engenangqondo ngase nemvelo - yezinkinga eyinhloko technocracy.

Ukuze ilungu ngomphakathi onjalo ngokuyisisekelo kudingekile ukwenza imisebenzi zenguquko. Kungenxa nalesi mthetho ezihlobene amagugu impucuko zobuchwepheshe, sibonga ngalo kushintsha njalo ngezizathu lalo.

Beka umuntu umphakathi omusha

Ukufika kombuso intuthuko yezimboni ishintshile ngesimo somuntu emphakathini. Emphakathini bendabuko, abantu sixhomeke kakhulu amandla ophakeme, amasiko uhlelo lombhalo.

Ezweni lanamuhla, umuntu ezizimele. Umuntu ngamunye Ungashintsha isimo yayo, othintana nabo, umsebenzi ngokuya ngokuthanda kwabo. It is ungaboshwa imvelo uqhosha. Umuntu namuhla imahhala. Independence kuyadingeka sokuthuthukisa ubuntu kanye iSilekeleli Sokwazisa. impucuko kwetheknoloji, ogxile emisha kanye nokuvuleka, ukhuthaza futhi isekela nobunye bomuntu ngamunye ezinhlelo ngamunye.