Sol Bellou: Biography nesithombe

Owathola uMklomelo KaNobel, i umbhali oluvelele kwekhulu lama-20, umbhali American Sol Bellou waphila ukuphila zokudala eside kakhulu futhi ecebile. On izincwadi zalo ezizukulwane eziningana abathandi izincwadi ezisezingeni eliphezulu. amazwi akhe futhi izincwadi esasebenza nanamuhla, futhi biography iyathakazelisa.

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Sol Bellou wazalelwa June 10, 1915, edolobheni elincane saseCanada Lachine edude Montreal. Umndeni wakhe iminyaka emibili ngaphambi ayesuka Petersburg beyofuna ukuphila okungcono. Ekuqaleni, igama lalo mfana nguSolomoni Belouz. Umndeni kwakufanele izimpande Jewish-Lithuanian, ubaba wayeneminyaka engu emphakathini wamaJuda, futhi ngenxa yalokho, wanika umfana ajwayelekile igama lesiHebheru. Kodwa kamuva ukudidiyela zibe emphakathini indodana American Abrahama Belouz igama mfushane nesibongo ingane. Ngakho kwaba khona Sol Bellou. Petersburg, umkhaya wawuba ngempela elichumayo, kodwa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ka kakhulu nzima ukuphila kwakhe. Uyise umbhali esizayo owayezamazamisa samalahle yokuthengisa, nonina wasebenza njengoba umpheki futhi Umshini wokuwasha izitsha. Umndeni wayenezingane ezine, uthunjana babo linguSawulu. Kukho konke ukuphila kwami ngiye ngazama ukwenza abazali kufanele bafundise izingane. Abrahama uyisa wakhe eChicago yokuthuthukisa ukuphila komkhaya. USawulu wayekhuliswe ngezinkambiso edolobheni futhi azi- a Chicagoans kweqiniso. Wabonisa i ukuthambekela ekuseni yobudala yobuntu, kakade njengoba ingane ekhuluma izilimi eziningana, futhi ngithanda ukufunda. Eminyakeni emine, yingcweti isiHebheru phakade othandweni neBhayibheli. Lapho uSawule eneminyaka engu-9, wayegula kakhulu futhi ehlala esembhedeni, ngalesi sikhathi, wafunda okuningi izincwadi ezinhle. Lapho umfana engu-17 ubudala, unina eshona, yena wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngalokhu iminyaka eminingi.

kumiswa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusukela ebuntwaneni uSawule ayekuthanda ukufunda futhi ungathanda ukufunda izincwadi, namanje wakhetha ukuqala indlela yakhe ohlangothini oluhlukile ngokuphelele. Wakhuliswa njengomFarisi endaweni yenkolo eqinile, umama ngiphuphe ukuthi yayizoba violin noma urabi, kodwa uSawule ekhetha inkambo ehlukile. Ngemva kwesikole, wabhalisa eyunivesithi, kodwa hhayi eMnyangweni IsiZulu Literature, njengoba kwakungekho etholakalayo abaningi bazizwa ngaleyo ndlela eqinile anti-Jewish, kanye ubuhlakani ocwaninga ngenhlalo yabantu kanye kwabantu. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili, emazwini akhe, "kwaba stuffy Chicago" futhi idluliselwe Northwestern University e-Illinois. Ngo-1937, wathola iziqu ze-bachelor. Kamuva waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-University of Wisconsin. ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kokuphothula inyuvesi, wasebenza njengoba uprofesa ezikoleni ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ushiye osekukade ebuntwaneni iphupho.

ukushaya

Esengumfana, Sol Bellou ukufunda incwadi G. Beecher Stowe sika "Cabin uMalume kaTom," futhi wanquma ukuba abe umbhali. Nokho, indlela eya iphupho kwaba eside omunye. ngemva nje iziqu, waqala sishicilele ukubuyekeza kwabo imikhiqizo emisha kanye nezincwadi Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo abangamaJuda. Umsebenzi yothisha, zibhonge wabhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala, "Phakathi Wezulu Nomhlaba", ezizohlinzeka kuye yimpumelelo pretty big. Le noveli okulotshwe uhlobo idayari indoda abangakwazi uzizwa umoya jikelele yokushisekela izwe ukuthi ungcwatshwa kuso sonke isibalo sabantu phakathi nempi. Le ndaba imayelana ayengumuntu ofana nathi sizama ukugcina ubuqotho ubunikazi bayo ngesikhathi zokuhlanganisa nomphakathi. Uzama ukuba abe ingxenye abantu, kodwa akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe. Isihloko ukuze alondoloze zabo "Mina" ngaphansi kwengcindezi zemishini yokunyathelisa kwezenhlalo, namasiko kanye nezimilo kuyoba ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini Sola Bellou. Impumelelo akuzange ngenkululeko yomnotho, eminyakeni embalwa umbhali wasebenza e-University of Minnesota.

umbhali indlela

Ngo-1947, zibhonge ezikhishwe inoveli yakhe yesibili - "Victim", okuyinto uyaqhubeka isihloko ekulondolozeni ungubani yabo ngaphansi ukucindezela umphakathi. Futhi lapha kukhona umugqa wesibili obalulekile, okuyinto ke umbhali ozokhula - lena inkinga ka kwamaJuda. USawule yena ngokuphindaphindiwe wabhekana neqiniso lokuthi ubuzwe bakhe laliya isithiyo endleleni yakhe professional kanye nokuphila. Ngo-1948, umlobi owamukela umklomelo Guggenheim, owamsiza ukuthi ukushiya umsebenzi ukuthuthela Paris bese ukusebenza phezu noveli "The Adventures of Augie Mashi". Sol Bellou futhi eveza khona indaba kwabokufika Jewish nezinkinga zokuziphatha search endleleni. Le noveli kubhekwa inoveli zakudala picaresque US, futhi abanye abacwaningi ukuyibiza ukudalwa engcono somlobi. Ngemva lo msebenzi zibhonge sesaziwe futhi umuntu ocebile ngempela ukuba nesikhathi esengeziwe izincwadi. Kodwa namanje ukufundisa. Okwesikhathi esithile wayesebenza e-New York, Puerto Rico, kodwa ngo-1964 sabuyela edolobheni zasebuntwaneni bakhe - Chicago. Lapha waqala ukusebenza e-University, amakghono zokudala futhi umbhali ukusebenza ikhomishana kweminyango ku umcabango nomphakathi. Iminyaka engu-30, yena uprofesa le nyuvesi, ekusizeni abalobi abanamakhono Zingena izincwadi nasekuphileni. Zibhonge walithanda Chicago, wathi uzizwa ekhaya lapha. Lapha wayezungezwe abantu ajwayelekile nezindawo: abangane esikoleni, omakhelwane, osebenza nabo. Wayevame babeba nezingxoxo ezinde umngane wakhe - sefilosofi u-Allan Bloom.

Ngo-1964 wakhipha umqulu omusha waseRoma wabe Bellou - "Duke" othola ukwamukelwa abafundi efudumele kakhulu futhi baxgeki. Indaba uprofesa waseyunivesithi, ukucinga matasa ngoba injongo yokuphila, umlobi ukubeka belingana ezinjalo abalobi enkulu njengoba uJoyce, Updike, Tolstoy. Phakathi yomlando wakhe wokudala zibhonge wabhala amanoveli 14 ezinkulu novellas, kudlala namaqoqo eziningana tindzaba letimfisha, kanye 4 obubhalwe imisebenzi.

Nasi bangakhumbula abalobi abaqhubeka ukwenza ukuguga ezingeni elifanayo. Lezi lucky uyalandisa Sol Bellou. "Ravelshteyn" - noveli lokugcina umbhali - wafika ngo-2000, lapho eneminyaka engu-85 ubudala. Encwadini utshela indaba umngane zakhe esezinesikhathi eside zimkhonza A. Bloom, kodwa futhi ukuba siqonde ukuthi umlingisi losemcoka nezinye prototypes owaziwa. Incwadi Uzindla izinkinga zibhonge sika abaningi bangaleso sikhathi futhi izihloko zefilosofi emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngo-1993, umlobi nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela eBoston, lapho athola khona umsebenzi eNyuvesi. Lapha waphothula uhambo lwakhe.

isitayela kombhali

Umlobi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi esinye wochwepheshe engcono ezincwadini American. Lakhe umuzwa ecashile yokukhuluma kanye nekhono ukuthola i samuntu enjalo yokucabanga, okuyinto akabashiyi umfundi ngabandayo. Izincwadi zibhonge yisibonelo uxhumano izincwadi highbrow esiyingqayizivele, asemngceleni imibhalo zefilosofi, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi indaba elithakazelisayo oqhubeka ukunakwa yomfundi kulo elandisayo. Phakathi zabuna ezincwadi American, indawo yesibili ngemuva Faulkner ngokuqinile umise ngokwaso njengoba Sol Bellou. "UMbusi", "Ravelshteyn", "Augie Mashi" baba for baseMelika isici esisemqoka imithwalo yabo kwamasiko.

Kuhle amabhuku

Nokho Umlobi ayedumile emva kokukhululwa sencwadi yakhe yokuqala, umsebenzi wakhe inoveli akuyona kakhulu, cishe kuwo wonke umkhiqizo - wobuciko ngempela. Indaba "Bambani umzuzwana" Sol Bellou ngo-1956, bese kuba enkulu ngokoMthetho izindikimba ozithandayo wombhali kanye reception. Incwadi isitshela indaba nomele ejwayelekile kwesizukulwane sama 50s, okuyinto kunzima ukuthola indlela yakhe ekuphileni. Uyaphuma uya nezikhathi ezinzima futhi eqonda ukuthi kufanele siphile namuhla. Umbhali akukuniki zokupheka, futhi kuhilela umfundi e reflection ngokuhlanganyela kanye ekufuneni iqiniso. abafundi American kungabonakala imigqa yokuqala ohlwini lwezincwadi, ukufunda okudingekayo, lokhu okulandelayo: ". Henderson Ngemvula King" Sol Bellou Le ncwadi isibe omunye imisebenzi engcono yomlobi, le ndaba tragicomic wathola nokuhlolwa eliphakeme kokubili abafundi futhi baxgeki, okuyinto akuvamile. Inoveli "Isipho Humboldt" ngo-1975 wathola kuye Prize Pulitzer nokubonwa ngamazwe. Umbhali wencwadi uphosele eziningi zabuna kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Imiklomelo kanye Imiklomelo

Sol Bellou, ogama izincwadi ezifundwayo emhlabeni wonke, ngokuba umphefumulo wayo lithole imiklomelo eminingi. Nguye kuphela emlandweni izincwadi waseMelika kathathu ukhishwa National nezincwadi zokufunda Award, futhi ngo-1976 wathola ama-Pulitzer Prize. Futhi lowo mnyaka wathola omunye imiklomelo eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni - i uMklomelo KaNobel Emkhakheni Wezincwadi. Amalungu eKomiti kaNobel zaqaphela ukuthi umbhali waklonyeliswa umklomelo ukuhlaziywa ezicashile isiko wesimanje, futhi Ukungena zobuntu. Naye wanikelwa ukhishwa Order of iButho Ukuhlonishwa (France), i-National Medal of Arts (USA), kanye izindondo eziningi etemibhalo.

izingcaphuno ezidumile

Sol Bellou, ucaphuna izincwadi ezithinta ukujula nokuhlakanipha, eyaziwa ngokuthi nesazi bokusungula. Ungumnikazi izitatimende eziningi owaziwa, ikakhulukazi la mazwi: "Abantu ukuchaza passion yabo futhi kanjani they aphathe kabi abanye" futhi "Isithukuthezi - waba namandla amakhulu. Bored akasenawo wodwa, kuka unaware of isithukuthezi. Abafakaza kubangela nenhlonipho "kusukela ngo-March ka-orgy; "Yazi indlela anakekele yena, futhi ngakho-ke kuyoba okunenzuzo singazuzisa sonke isintu" ka "Phakathi Wezulu Nomhlaba"; "Indoda okuzelwe uyintandane, futhi lentandane omunye" ka "Herzog" kanye nabanye abaningi.

ukuphila Siqu

Sol Bellou wayeyindoda engavamile. Yena wayedlala ivayolini, wayenesithakazelo ezemidlalo, kwaba abangane nge zefilosofi ezivelele kwaba Admirer olukhulu abesifazane. Zibhonge wayeshadile izikhathi 5, kusukela imishado ehlukene eba nezingane ezine. unkosikazi Okokuqala - Anita Goshkin - wabeletha indodana yakhe Greg, owaba zengqondo, kodwa kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe akakwazanga ukuthethelela uyise lokho waphonsa unina, ngisho ubhale memoir mayelana nemvelo abesabekayo umbhali. Nge nomkakhe wesibili u-Anna Chakbasovoy, zibhonge wahlala unyaka owodwa kuphela, futhi lo mshado, futhi, wazala indodana - Adamu. Walandela ezinyathelweni zikayise, baba umhleli hhayi umbhali impumelelo. unkosikazi Okwesithathu - Susan Glassman, yena nabo baphila isikhathi esifushane. Kusukela Alexandra - Unkosikazi wesine uthi yena - umshado yathatha cishe iminyaka engu-10. Kugcine, umfazi yesihlanu - Dzhenis Fridman - wabeletha indodakazi zibhonge, lapho eneminyaka engu-84 ubudala. Waqala ngo-2005 ngu umfelokazi wakhe. Sol Bellou wafa-Ephreli 6, 2005, akazange aphile isikhathi eside impela kancane phambi ninetieth.