Uyini Pulitzer Prize futhi okuyiwona ukhishwa. abawinile esiphawulekayo Pulitzer Prize

Namuhla, i-Pulitzer Prize ingenye edume kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, imiklomelo emhlabeni ohlonishwa kakhulu journalism, photojournalism, umculo, izincwadi kanye yaseshashalazini. Kulokhu semukelwa ngu nesikhombisa Agasti 1903 Joseph Pulitzer, owayeyilungu umshicileli odumile waseMelika futhi intatheli, ogama lakhe namanje elihlobene ne ukuvela kwezindaba "cindezela ophuzi" uhlobo.

Dzhozef Pulittser wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 1847 e-Hungary. Ngemva kwelinye izwe kuya iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa e-United States, ngo-1878 lapho uthenga owaziwa iphephandaba ezimbili American - "St Louis iDispatch" futhi "St Louis Thumela", futhi kwakha amaphephabhuku entsha - ". St Louis Post-Dispatch" Eqiniseka ngamandla cindezela phezu ezingqondweni zabantu, Pulitzer isebenzisa edition layo lushicilelwe izihloko impikiswano kakhulu futhi edidayo equkethe ukugxekwa izenzo neziphathimandla. Ngokushesha, edition yakhe yaba enye yezindawo enenzuzo kakhulu futhi enamandla entshonalanga ye-United States. Ngo-1883, lapho uthenga i-New York Umhlaba, bese esenza sibe iphephandaba ethandwa, egcwele izindaba zezombusazwe, kwahambisana ngu nalawa, emakhomikhi netincwadzi imifanekiso. Ukwamukela kusukela iphephandaba ukushicilela inzuzo Dzhozef Pulittser School of Journalism kudala isungule umklomelo abadumile.

Ngokuvamile, Pulitzer Prize waklonyeliswa ngokuba ngoMsombuluko wokuqala ngoMeyi amalungu e-United States at Columbia University for ezifezwayo emkhakheni izincwadi kanye journalism. inani premium seziphakamiso kakhulu zamadola ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Endaweni ehlukile, esigabeni "Ukuze inkonzo kumphakathi", ogama winner uthola imivuzo yemali nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuthi uzothatha indondo yegolide "Ukuze inkonzo njengabakufanelekele ukuhlaziswa emphakathini."

Sekukonke kukhona njengamanje mayelana 25 kokuphakanyiswa kwamagama ehlukene, phakathi okuyinto 14 zihlobene ngokuqondile journalism. Minyaka yonke, ukunaka ezikhethekile imiklomelo e kokuphakanyiswa kwamagama eziyisithupha: "Ukuze incwadi eqanjiwe eyabhalwa umlobi American of America", "Ukuze uthole umlando noma okukhuluma lombhali American", "Ukuze uthole incwadi ngomlando USA", "Ngoba idrama engcono", "Ngoba inkondlo" futhi "Ukuze Awokungezona." Ngokusho kwemibiko somlando, Pulitzer Prize (incwadi) awuzange ukhishwa izikhathi eziyishumi, njengoba amajaji ayikwazanga ukuveza noma umsebenzi wokubhala, njengabawufanelekele imiklomelo.

Indaba

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, Pulitzer Prize wafika ngo-1903, ngesikhathi iyawakha intando Dzhozefa Pulittsera. Waqale emahlangothini 1917. Ngokusho isivumelwano phakathi Columbia University (ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Faculty of Journalism ebanjwa minyaka yonke umklomelo isethulo) kanye Pulitzer, ingxenye yemali yalo mklomelo imali yonyaka okuletha Pulitzer Foundation, kwakheka ngezithukuthuku umnikelo-ezimbili noma enyuvesi. Ngakho, yonyaka yemali umklomelo Isikhwama kufana kungathi izinkulungwane 550 zamaRandi. Ngaphezu iminikelo ka yomthengisi, omunye Isikhwama yadalwa ngo-1970, okuyinto bakhangwa izimali ezongeziwe ekukhokhweni le ndondo ehlonishwayo.

Isibalo iziphakamiso futhi imiklomelo kusukela futhi kuphela kwandisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho, ngo-1922, saqala ukuvela umklomelo ikhathuni engcono, futhi ngo-1942 i-Umklomelo wokuqala ukhishwa isithombe esingcono kunazo zonke. Kamuva ngabo kwafika yokuqokela izingoma engcono ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-May 2006 phakathi contender for the Pulitzer Prize ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela iphepha, kodwa futhi umsebenzi electronic.

Amajaji mncintiswano

Pulitzer Prize waklonyeliswa yiBhodi Labaphathiswa Columbia University ku imiphumela IBhodi laBeluleki. Kuyinto lokhu umzimba kungokwalabo izwi ebalulekile ekunqumeni abawinile. Amalungu eBhodi Lokweluleka ukusungula inqubo umklomelo.

Ekuqaleni, iBhodi Yayinesikhwanyana kuphela abahlanganyeli nantathu, kodwa phakathi nonyaka ka-1990 kwakunabamemezeli abangu abantu nesikhombisa. Kuze kube manje ekomidini Pulitzer yakhiwa ochwepheshe 19, phakathi kwabo Prize umlawuli, abamemezeli owaziwa ezinhlanu, umlobeli eyodwa, abahleli, eziyisithupha ososayensi eziyisithupha.

imisebenzi Competitive wekomidi umklomelo Njalo sibhekana ukugxekwa yomphakathi. Minyaka yonke amajaji wathola izinsolo eziningi sokuchema futhi ngaphandle kwekutsatsa luhlangotsi ekunikezelweni indondo ophezulu. Nokho, ngokuvumelana nentando umdali Pulitzer Prize, ukushintsha i-oda le nqubo akunakwenzeka.

Inqubo Award

Ngokwe umklomelo sisekelo, ukukhethwa journalism kudingeka sethule kwaziswa iphepha kungakapheli lokuqala Februwari nyaka. Emisebenzini kwemibhalo usuku kuyakuba Julayi 1 ngonyaka odlule ngoba izincwadi, okuyinto yashicilelwa kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni; futhi ngoNovemba 1 izincwadi ezinyatheliswa kusuka July kuya ku-December.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, isigaba journalism ingafunwa egameni lanoma yimuphi umuntu phakathi nayo yonke inkathi ye-premium. Into esemqoka ukuthi isicelo esihlongozwayo wanikezwa amakhophi amadokhumende eqinisekisa ikhandidethi esifanele umklomelo. Njengoba izincwadi, uMkhandlu kumele ahlinzeke amakhophi amane ukuqokwa ukubeka phambili incwadi ukuze ibuyekezwe. Inqubo efanayo isetshenziswa njengokuba nikwenzile komunye eziningi Russian umklomelo etemibhalo. Kodwa kungenzeka imisebenzi zomculo futhi amadlingozi oqokiwe for the imiklomelo kungakadluli lokuqala noMashi walo nyaka, futhi kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi wonke amalungu amajaji bayawazi umsebenzi wabo emphakathini.

Isinqumo enikeza umklomelo yatholwa wabekwa ngokukhethekile yiNyuvesi esigabeni ngasinye by amajaji. amajaji ngamunye esiyakulungisa uhlu ukhetho emithathu alithumele Pulitzer Prize Board. UMkhandlu, esikhundleni salokho, uhlola zonke izinto ngaphambi, kuhlanganise ebhaliwe imithombo, izincomo kanye nemisebenzi kwabakhethiwe, bese phambili kakade inkomba yabo imvume eBhodini Labaphathiswa Columbia University. Ama-Trustees aye kukhona kukhethwa iBhodi futhi ngokushesha ukumemezela abawine, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba nokufezeka kwentando esemthethweni Emcimbini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akekho abaphatheli noma amalungu amajaji abakwazi ukuthonya choice weBhodi. Amalungu ayo ukunquma ku ekunikezelweni iyiphi okhethiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izincomo amajaji. Akekho ama-trustees, amalunga amajaji noma uMkhandlu angeke iqhaza engxoxweni noma ivoti uma umklomelo alunikeza kuthinta izithakazelo zabo siqu. Ubulungu boMkhandlu kukhawulwe emathemini amathathu iminyaka emithathu ngalinye, kanye izikhala zizogcwaliswa ivoti eliyimfihlo, okuyinto kudingeka ukuba khona kuyo yonke amalungu akhona weBhodi.

Abawinile edume kunayo Pulitzer Prize

Njengoba ukuvela kwalesi Prize ababethole baba eziningi abalobi kanye nezintatheli, phakathi kwabo bobabili owaziwa futhi ayibonwa abalobi yomphakathi. Owinile sokuqala ngqá umklomelo kwaba intatheli yaseMelika uHerbert Bayard, ngubani waklonyeliswa lo mklomelo ehlonishwayo i ochungechungeni lwezingxenye ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ngaphakathi Empire German."

Eminyakeni ezahlukene umklomelo etemibhalo ukhishwa imisebenzi efana "Gone ne-Wind" by Margaret Mitchell, "The Old Man noLwandle" u-Ernest Hemingway, kanye Harper Lee inoveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird." Ngesikhathi esifanayo iningi incwadi won Pulitzer Prize, akukaze kube phakathi best-nabathengisi, kanye ekutholeni umklomelo esiteji idlala ongakaze afake enkundleni ezibanzi.

Kepha abawinile amazwe Pulitzer Prize, ngokhethiwe lokuqala onjalo kwakuyiNkosi intatheli Russian Artyom Borovik nge yokubika yakhe "Igumbi 19" imisebenzi ubuchopho Institute. Futhi ngo-Ephreli 2011, umklomelo waklonyeliswa Anne Politkovskoy okwesikhathi indaba eningiliziwe impi e Chechnya. Enye intatheli Russian - Alexander Zemlyanichenko - amabili isikhathi owawina indondo ye ekuhlanganiseni kwaso eMoscow putsch ngo-1991 futhi Boris Yeltsin izithombe.

Pulitzer Prize sezincwadi. Izici eziyinhloko indondo

Kodwa njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, lo Pulitzer Prize sezincwadi, ngokungafani kuya abawinile kule kwezinye izigaba akuzona abalobi njalo eyaziwa kahle nesemthethweni. Nakuba kweqembu lamajaji ngokuvamile basolwa ukungafaneleki ukukhwabanisa. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ethathwe yokuthi amalungu aso ngokuqinile nemithetho iyawakha uJoseph Pulitzer, owawuthi le ndondo, kanye ezinye umklomelo etemibhalo isiRashiya, ukhishwa kuphela kulabo abalobi abaye banikezela incwadi yabo yokuphila, futhi emlandweni we-US.

Ngokuvamile usebenza ukuthi imiklomelo zamukelwa ka kangako tetemibhalo, Nokho, ngokunembile futhi angabacwasi abakuchaza emaphandleni ase-noma ukutshela, isibonelo, mayelana nezinkinga siqu intsha American. Yingakho idatha etemibhalo imiklomelo zihlukaniswe hhayi uhlobo, ngesikhathi isimiso. Minyaka yonke amajaji ukhetha imisebenzi embalwa, kungcono ukuchaza samanje futhi esikhathini esidlule-United States.

Recognition sokunconywa izintatheli

Pulitzer Prize journalism - iyona umklomelo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ohlonishwa ngoba nakomagazini American. Kuhlanganisa inombolo iziphakamiso, okulinganiselwa njengoba nesivinini lapho likhuluma ngezenzakalo kanye neqhaza siqu izintatheli emsebenzini wabo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kulesi simo, abawinile umklomelo akuzona nje abantu, kodwa wonke shicilelo.

Lona mhlawumbe esivikelekile kakhulu Pulitzer Prize. Laureates kuleli cala njalo eyaziwa kusengaphambili, futhi ukubikezela umphumela ivoti akunzima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wathi ukuqokwa ubhekwa namanje nokunokuthula engxenyeni iningi amahlazo nokumangalelwa. baxgeki abaningi bayavuma ukuthi zonke ababethole umklomelo ka Umklomelo wathola imiklomelo yabo futhi kube kufanele, ngokomthetho.

Umculo and Theatre

Emkhakheni wezingalo umculo Pulitzer Prize unikelwa e lemali zamadola eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Unikelwa ngebanga umsebenzi esivelele ngokuthi umqambi-American wadala nganoma iyiphi indlela ezinkulu. Lokhu konke wezinsimbi, Choral kanye negumbi imisebenzi, opera nezinye izingoma.

kukhona imifundaze ekhethekile lemali zamadola ayizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu ngaphandle umculo umklomelo, okuyinto unikelwa abathweswe iziqu esivelele Faculty of Journalism, baye babonisa isifiso ngokukhethekile emkhakheni umculo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, kinotelevizionny noma kwemibhalo.

Pulitzer Prize idrama babe umklomelo imali lemali zamadola eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Basuke ukhishwa njengoba zihlaba umqondisi owaziwayo kanye nomqondisi abasha, ukusebenza ngemidlalo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba kunjalo nezincwadi, imisebenzi abaningi baye bathola ukuqashelwa eliphezulu amajaji, akukaze kuboniswe umphakathi futhi ungalokothi okuhleliwe Broadway.

I-Award sokudubula

Pulitzer Prize is kufanele kubhekwe omunye efiseleka kakhulu for the photographer. Kwabaningi, kusho okuningi kunabo isinxephezelo nje yemali. Kuyinto ukuqashelwa sinesisindo zabo, ukubaluleka umsebenzi nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emhlabeni lokuphakamisa namanje mpikiswano esishubile. umbono womphakathi impikiswano enkulu, futhi abantu abaningi ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi konke lokhu kuyadingeka Pulitzer Prize. Ama ifotho, ngalo unikelwa, ngokuvamile bewela umngcele yobuciko ezivamile. Iningi imisebenzi enikelwe nezinkinga elaziwayo elincane noma kakade onqenqemeni nabivshim. Professionals sibekwe obala evulekile amadrama siqu futhi isiphetho sabo eziphukile zabantu. Ngakho-ke, iningi izithombe kwesokunxele ngemva kokubukela inzika esindayo.

Ngokuvamile wagxeka angaphansi umsebenzi hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bezithombe ngokwabo. Basolwa ngokuthi babeqhuba ukuqopha izenzakalo ezinyantisayo, kunokuba ukusiza abantu abadinga usizo. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, Kevin Kartar, wathola umklomelo uchungechunge izithombe "Indlala ku Sudan", eyayilandisa intombazane buthaka indlala Condor omkhulu, ulinde ukufa kwakhe, ukuzibulala obenziwe emva kwezinyanga ezimbili nje umklomelo.

abawinile Award ngo-2014

Lwetshumi lane Apreli 2014 ziye wafingqa futhi wamemezela amanye amagama abanikazi omunye Pulitzer Prize. Ngakho, owawina umklomelo sezincwadi isibe Donna Tartt futhi inoveli yakhe "The Goldfinch", okuyinto isitshela indaba umfana we nane, azulazula Manhattan ngemva kokufa kukanina. Lo msebenzi futhi kwakungelokuqala ohlwini izincwadi engamakhulu best konyaka ngokuvumelana esitolo inthanethi "Amazon" ekupheleni 2013.

Theatre umklomelo kwakuyisazi Enni Beyker play wakhe "Flick", okwethulwa esigabeni "umsebenzi Ukusangana". Emkhakheni "Umculo" umklomelo yena waklonyeliswa Dzhon Lyuter Adams ingoma "Thola olwandle."

Kepha journalism, i- "Wemisebenzi Kahulumeni" umklomelo isigaba waya izincwadi "The Guardian" futhi "I-Washington Post", okuyinto eyenziwa uphenyo imisebenzi US National Security Agency ngesisekelo imibhalo olunikezwa Edward Snowden. Esikhathini ukuqokwa "I ukuthusa impahla" izintatheli iwine enye yezincwadi American ( "i-Boston Globe"), owawuvela imbozwe ukuqhuma nezenzo okuphenya ngesikhathi the Boston Marathon. Kuhle imibiko ngamazwe atholakele ukusebenza Reuters izintatheli, etshela mayelana nokushushiswa imiphakathi Muslim eMyanmar, ukuhweba ngezigqila.