Sphagnum bogs - uhlobo ixhaphozi. Sphagnum Peat bog

Ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele ikakhulu ngokhuni nezimfunda izifunda Kumiswa zinhlobo anjalo ixhaphozi njengoba sphagnum bogs. Izimila evelele kuzo - sphagnum moss, ngenxa okuyinto sebewelele igama labo.

incazelo

It bogs, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko akhiqizwa Emathafeni ezinomswakama. Kusukela phezulu bona embozwe ungqimba obukhulu sphagnum (moss omhlophe), lunamandla eliphezulu kakhulu. Ubizwa kahle okusakazwa, njengoba umthetho, kuphela lapho kukhona ungqimba humus.

Ngezansi le izimila kukhona ene-asidi, abampofu Ukwakheka amanzi nge okuqukethwe aphansi kakhulu mpilo. Izimo ezinjalo azizifanelekeli ngokuphelele izimpilo eziningi eziphilayo ephilayo, ezihlanganisa ama-bacterium futhi ibole. Ngakho-ke, imithi ewile, impova, izinto eziphilayo kungukuthi ukubola, walondoloza phezu zeminyaka.

zinhlobo

Sphagnum bogs kungenzeka kwesama. ngokuvamile umumo convex, t. Ukuze. Moss ikhula khulu eduze isikhungo, lapho amanzi usawoti liphansi kakhulu. Azungeze izimo zokugaya kwakhona ezingenawo la mathuba. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona emaxhaphozini flat emise. Kukhona umehluko nayo amahlathi kanye unregenerated.

Isici lokuqala Engxenyeni esempumalanga yeYurophu naseSiberia, lapho uphinyiswa sezulu yezwekazi. Treeless sphagnum bogs atholakala izimo ezinomswakama ngaphezulu zezulu ukuthi kukhona isici ngaphezulu ezindaweni entshonalanga zensimu European.

Umsuka sphagnum bogs

Kwatholakala ukuthi emaxhaphozini wangaphambili kwamiswa angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-400 edlule. Modern sphagnum Peat bog - kuwumphumela kwemvelo eside. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-ice Lezo zindawo amanzi, izitshalo main futhi Peat ukwakha eseziphenduke zaba utshani futhi moss. Ukwakhiwa peaty nenhlabathi kuphumele i imvelo ene-asidi. Ukuxhumana yezici ezihlukahlukene Geological, ngokomzimba nokuma kwezwe iphutha sushi waterlogging kancane kancane amadamu overgrowth. Ezinye emaxhaphozini waqala ugibele: ukudla kwabo ngokuphelele ngenxa kwezulu.

Sphagnum bogs zigcwele amanzi kanye nokunye okufana nalokho kwi lens. Kwezulu kungekho nosawoti wamaminerali, ngakho emaxhaphozini enjalo uhlalwe izitshalo bazivumelanisa yokuntuleka kokudla: wona ikakhulu sphagnum, utshani nezihlahla encane.

Peat ukwakheka

isitshalo izinhlayiya Dead ukuthi buthelela ngonyaka sphagnum bogs, akha izingqimba kahle esikhulu izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bagcina siguqulelwa Peat. Le nqubo kuthonywa izimo ezithile: umswakama ngokweqile, okushisa aphansi kanye ukungabikho sekuyaphela oxygen. Izinsalela zezitshalo abafileyo asibhubhi ngenkathi esaziwa ezakheke ngisho impova. Ngokufunda amasampula Peat, ososayensi bayakwazi ukunquma indlela sezulu isungule esifundeni, kanye emahlathini ushintsho iphutha.

Sphagnum bogs ukugcina izinqolobane enkulukazi Peat, esebenza indoda njengoba kubaswa ngazo umlilo, ngakho kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho.

sphagnum moss

indima ovelele kule bogs izimila udlala sphagnum moss. It has a isakhiwo eyinqaba kakhulu. Reniform sprig ibekwe phezu stem, ngokwengxenye yayo ephansi - whorls amagatsha eside ahlelwe nendawo. Amahlamvu yakhiwa amaseli ezihlukahlukene, ezinye zazo wenza imisebenzi ethile ebalulekile futhi iqukethe chlorophyll. Okunye amaseli akunalutho, kungekho nto enemibala emihle futhi emikhulu esihlalweni umswakama like isiponji ukuthi ubamba sebuningini ngokusebenzisa izimbobo enikeziwe in the igobolondo. Akulesi lonke kobuso ¾ ishidi. Ngenxa omunye wabo ingxenye sphagnum uyakwazi iyavuleka amanzi. Moss inika ukukhula okuhle ngonyaka, ngonyaka owodwa nje, ukhulela ukuba 6-8 cm.

Okunye izitshalo kukhona sphagnum bogs

Sikwazi ukukhula izitshalo kuphela lapho namahlumela kuyo le mpande kuyinto mpo noma kancane enalokho kuthambekela ekhaphethini moss. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu ukotini utshani, sedge, ama-cloudberry cranberry, kanti ezinye izihlahla kabani amagatsha angakhiqiza izimpande adventitious, lapho Ezansi iqala ecasha moss obukhulu. Lezi zitshalo uphinde ulandise heather, rosemary, birch yemifino kanye t. D. Cranberry sisakazeka ebusweni nemivimbo engu moss eside, sundew ngamunye amafomu ngonyaka rosette eshiya olele sphagnum mat. Kukhona lapha kanti ezinye izitshalo herbaceous Russia: bogs sphagnum uhlala sundew, bladderwort, sedge. Ukuba angcwatshwe sphagnum moss, zozela zonke, bathambekele ziqhubeka zithuthuka ukuhambisa imibono yabo ukukhula. Iningi izitshalo kuyahluka onesiqu esifushane kanye namahlamvu ezincane siluhlaza.

Yezihlahla ixhaphozi ungakwazi ngokuvamile ubone isihlahla zikaphayini. Nakuba ngokuvamile ubukeka ngempela ehlukile kunaleyo ekhula eBor Sands. Isiqu somuthi, okuyinto lukhula kusezweni elomile ngokuvamile emide emincane, obukhulu. Marsh is efanele zikaphayini (akukho amamitha engaphezu kwemibili okusezingeni eliphezulu), Clumsy. izinaliti zayo esifushane futhi Izigaxa encane nhlobo. I cross-ingxenye ipotimende mncane ungabona inombolo enkulu izindandatho yonyaka.

Izihlahla ukuthi abahlala bogs zikaphayini-sphagnum, izimpande adventitious. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane baba igcwele Peat. Thola ngokwabo emanzini ajulile, ukuthengisela izimpande ayisakwazi eshiya umswakama ngokwanele, okubangela zikaphayini buyabuna futhi lufe.

Ukusebenzisa emaxhaphozini indoda

Inani Elikhulu njengoba Peat bog ezifakwa imithombo, esetshenziswa njengoba uphethiloli, kanye umthombo wamandla eziningi izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Peat asetshenziswa kwezolimo: uyahamba Umanyolo, izingubo zokulala emfuyo. Ngo umkhakha, it is eyenziwe ekuvikeleni amabhodi, kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene (methyl utshwala, upharafini, creosote nokunye okunjalo. D.).

ukubaluleka Omkhulu kwezomnotho upland sphagnum bogs, okuyizinto Locus main berry ezihlabayo: cranberry, cloudberry, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Umphumela imiphumela yabantu

Eminyakeni yamuva, umsebenzi kwezomnotho, okuholela abantu ukuba emaxhaphozini noma ezindaweni ezakhelene, kubangela ushintsho of marsh kwezimila. Lezi imiphumela kufanele ichasiselwe nkinga emaxhaphozini, imililo, ziklabe, sinquma izihlahla gasket imigwaqo kanye namapayipi. Izitshalo emaxhaphozini eduze izikhungo yezimboni, ngokuvamile uhlushwa umoya ongcolile inhlabathi.

Ukuvula glades wekota ephelezelwa ukugawula zikaphayini, okuholela ekwandeni ixhaphozi nezihlahla, bajoyine birch. Sphagnum moss kancane kancane indawo brievymi.

Ngenxa yalokho imililo, okuyinto ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezikhathi nesomiso, izimila nokutubeka kwenzeka. Kulezizindawo ebusweni marsh embozwe semali umlotha, okuyinto kwakha inqolobane izakhi yezimbiwa. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi esikhundleni ukuqala imililo ngobuningi sikhule ukotini utshani, Andromeda, amajingijolo, rosemary zasendle kanye birch ukuvela.

Nkinga emaxhaphozini olwenziwa ukuze Peat, asetshenziselwe ezolimo, ihlathi kulinywe, nokunye. D. Lokhu kunciphisa lizinga amanzi asendaweni, ukuthuthukisa oxidative izinqubo kanye ezilamatshe aligugu izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Konke lokhu kuholela ukuncipha Peat imali, banzi-birch. Cranberries futhi cloudberry kancane sithathelwe indawo ukotini utshani, futhi sphagnum moss - ihlathi.

umthelela womuntu ku-marsh kuholela ushintsho ukusebenza evamile wonke landscape, futhi ekugcineni ukuhlukumeza ukuzinza kwemvelo emvelweni.