Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zonke eChibini iBaikal

IBaikal - iyona sendawo kakhulu umzimba amanzi emhlabeni. izilwane eziningi nezitshalo ezikuwo azisenzeki ikuphi emhlabeni. Zonke eyodwa bangathembela ezingaphezu kuka 2,600 zama-izidalwa. Sifunda ukuthi limelela echibini yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ngakho.

izwe yemifino

Esikhathini iBaikal sikhule kwamakhorali ekhethekile, okuyinto bendawo ukushayela isipanji zasolwandle. Ngo amanzi, athambe futhi qinisa emoyeni. Ngo phakathi ehlobo kule emanzini angajulile avele nezilwane lwamafinyila futhi fibrous. Endaweni engasogwini inama ezihlukahlukene kwezimila. Lokhu sonwele relict, izihlahla enokuziphakamisa nge izimpande obala, umsedari okwelapha olunephunga elimnandi Poplar bobunjwa fancy, ezihlukahlukene ulele, wona, nokuningi.

IBaikal ezintabeni anesizotha embozwe awugqinsi ihlathi lezihlahla. Yena imelelwa umsedari, larch, sonwele uphayini, * nomthidari, birch. Ezindaweni sikhule currant ezihlabayo, ebhalsamu Poplar, rosemary zasendle zaseSiberia futhi Alder ongaphakeme.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimila zendawo wehlukile kakhulu. Kodwa ake sicabangele kafushane izitshalo zonke eChibini iBaikal, okuyinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu.

umsedari eSiberia

umsedari laseSiberia ezikhula iBaikal - kuba umuthi onamandla. Ngo isifinyelele ububanzi kufika ku 1.8 amamitha kanye ukuphakama - 40 amamitha. Cedar uhlala kuze kube yingxenye khulu leminyaka, futhi ngemva kwamashumi ayisithupha iqala ukunikeza isivuno ocebile namantongomane. Phakathi naleso bendawo ngelika kuye isinkwa ukhuni laseSiberia. Nge ipotimende elilodwa lingaba uhlanganiswe engaphezu kweyishumi khilogremu namantongomane. Kodwa njalo ngonyaka, ngoba Izigaxa uvuthwe izinyanga 14-15 kuphela.

ekhiqizwa Ngaphambili kusukela ubisi nati, ukhilimu omuncu, ibhotela halvah (esikhundleni sunflower). Kodwa manje lezi yezandla undeservedly ukhohliwe. Namuhla, inzalo kuphela nati ne izithelo umsedari. Kuye anyakaza, kodwa iphunga esitebeleni okungase kuvimbele Mol amashumi eminyaka.

rhododendrons

izimila ezingavamile iBaikal rosemary, noma njengoba ibizwa, rhododendron Dahurian. He kubhekwa kuzalwa kwentwasahlobo iBaikal, ngoba blooms ngaphambi, lapho County kungekho zasemazweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, Ledum imibala amahle esogwini e shades of pink amacembe nezimbali zalo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu isitshalo yakha amahlozi kulo Eastern eSiberia.

Ukulandela Ledum iqala eziqhakaza sagaan ezinjabulweni, rhododendron Adams. Ngo abantu kunjengoba "iphiko elimhlophe" noma imbiza zokuba nempilo ende ezaziwayo. Lesi simila isetshenziselwa toning futhi zikhuthaza izinso, inhliziyo kanye nobuchopho. Adams futhi idume rhododendron protivopohmelnym umphumela. I inkomishi yetiye sengezwe kungekho amahlamvu engaphezu kwemihlanu imbali. Lesi siphuzo sibizwa etholwe kube luqhatshi eqinile kodwa emnandi.

Ungabona rhododendron ukuqhakaza, ummeleli iBaikal flora, eliboniswe ngenhla. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi ubuhle kuvula lapho ukubona ukuqhakaza amahlozi lonke zalesi sitshalo.

Thyme

Lesi sitshalo ubizwa nangokuthi Bogorodsk utshani. Sikhula on ezimfundeni asemaqeleni, amawa amangelengele bese uvula izindawo anesihlabathi. Kwasakazwa the Trans-iBaikal kanye iBaikal esifundeni. Zonke ihlobo ejabulisa iso oluhle pink izimbali, okuyinto kuyabonakala emagqumeni anesihlabathi.

Thyme cishe inengxenye eyodwa amaphesenti amafutha abalulekile. Ngakho-ke, impela kancane Mash kwegatsha ezandleni zakhe ukuzizwa isici nokuphikelelayo nephunga.

Iziphungo kanye infusions amakhambi Bogorodskaya kabanzi esetshenziselwa ukwenza umuthi, ukuze uqinise amasosha omzimba, ukuqeda ukuqwasha, iziyaluyalu kwemizwa ngisho baphile isikhathi eside. Ukuze ukulungiswa nomuthi ngokuvamile ethatha elilodwa noma amabili wezipuni imbiza omisiwe ayikhulu namamililitha amanzi abilayo. Labelaphi futhi yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo iBaikal flora, ngoba isiko uhlanzekile iphonswe emlilweni nje ingcosana Thyme.

ramson

Ramson likhula cishe zonke izindawo zonke eChibini iBaikal. Kwezinye izindawo yakha esinindolweni abalulekile kakhulu.

Qala zokuqoqa ukuthengisa le nezimila zase noJuni. Ngalesi sikhathi, amacembe kanye umoba namanje ethambile kanye namanzi ngakho futhi ezithambile. Cheremsha has isicelo ebanzi ekuphekeni. Isetshenziselwa esikhundleni anyanisi oluhlaza, kodwa inuka garlic. Futhi, utshani sengezwe amasaladi, inyama izitsha, pie ofakwe futhi anosawoti like neklabishi.

Rhodiola rosea

Mhlawumbe, zonke bendawo bazi ukuthi ummeleli ye izitshalo zonke eChibini iBaikal has property ginseng. It Rhodiola rosea, noma Golden Umsuka, njengoba ibizwa. Blooms ngo June-July, cishe kuyo yonke iBaikal ku Stony nemithambeka, amadwala ematsheni zezintaba.

Lesi sitshalo ngokuphelele kususa ukukhathala kudaleke zonke izinqubo emzimbeni. Ngenhloso zokwelapha, sebenzisa kuphela rhizomes Bavunwa ngesikhathi izimbali. Bambe zezinhlobo ezinkulu bahlanza, usike yomiswa emthunzini. Ngemva i notshwala uzilungiselele akhiphe liquid. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwangathi Ukumbiwa izimpande impande yegolide eyodwa futhi endaweni efanayo iqhutshwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi kuphela.

cowberry

ocebile flora amaminerali kanye okwelapha iBaikal kakhulu. Omunye ethandwa ekhaya ikhambi kuyinto cranberry. Sikhula emahlathini laseSiberia, ngokuvamile ukwakha ukhaphethi esiqhubekayo esinindolweni obukhulu. Nge isivuno esihle amahora ambalwa, ungakwazi ukuqoqa ibhakede egcwele amajikijolo. Bona uvuthwe ngo Agasti no Septhemba.

Lingonberry muhle njengenhlangano antipyretic futhi diaphoretic. Kodwa futhi kuba ngaphezu kakhulu Inyama eshisayo noma itiye ngesimo ujamu. Berry elondolozwe ku ushukela, amanzi kanye efrijini kahle.

iBaikal nezilwane

I izinhlobonhlobo nobuhle bawo izimila nezilwane kwechibi akabashiyi ubani nandaba. Vele ukubheka izithombe yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zonke eChibini iBaikal, kuyilapho izakhamuzi siphile ezishaqisayo nakakhulu.

Echibini iyikhaya isiponji eyingqayizivele, okuyinto lososayensi muva nje ashiwo ekilasini kwezilwane. Kuyinto sibonga umsebenzi lokhu kokuba amanzi uhlala crystal ecacile. Izimo ezinjalo zithinta ukuhlukahluka izinhlanzi. IBaikal zitholakala cod, Sturgeon, salmon, eyikati futhi carp zilwane, kanye Cisco, golomyanka, Grayling, perch, Pike futhi whitefish. Kodwa sendawo edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa ku echibini kungenziwa ngokuthi uphawu.

Kula mahlathi kuhlala ekhaya izilwane zasendle zaseSiberia efana amabhere, izimpisi, izimpungushe, onogwaja kanye sables. Futhi, izivakashi balibangise ukuhlangabezana Ferret, Wolverine, Ermine, marmot, squirrel, amaphiva tarbagan amaphiva, izingulube zasendle, izinyamazane obomvu nembuzi yasendle.

On iBaikal eziningi zezilwane ezahlukene, kodwa cabanga nje nezilwane ezithakazelisayo kakhulu.

omul

Cisco ingenye kwezinhlobo eziningi kwezentengiselwano iBaikal. Le nhlanzi akulona ngobukhulu (kufika ku amakhilogremu amahlanu ubude ngamasentimitha amahlanu). Kodwa kuleli chibi uyikhaya zenyathi ukuthi sekuphenduke umkhuba. Ubude wathola imiphakathi ezine: North iBaikal, Selenga, amanxusa kanye Chivyrkuisky Cisco.

Namuhla, echibini, izimila nezilwane wehlukile kakhulu, i-akhawunti ochwepheshe cishe izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu amabombo lezo zinhlanzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyedlule labantu babo liyakhula kancane. Cisco uhlala hhayi engaphezu kweyikhulu ikota. It udla ezingenamgogodla benthic, ezinamagobolondo futhi ezinye izingane izinhlanzi. IBaikal zenyathi zenani ngoba ukunambitheka okunosawoti layo eliyingqayizivele futhi usentekenteke.

golomyanka

Izinhlanzi elikhulu iChibi iBaikal Ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi golomyanka. biomass kwayo ngokuphelele kanti inombolo kabili ezingaphezu kuka e yezinye izinhlobo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, golomyanka okuzelwe ukuphila abasha kunokuba amaqanda, njengeminye. Le ndlela yokuzalanisa ayisekho ihlangabezana noyedwa izinhlanzi eyaziwa emhlabeni.

Futhi kuqhakambisa umzimba golomyanka. Kuyinto uhhafu amanoni ke angenisa ukukhanya. Through esigabeni umsila isenzakalo esikhulu, ungakwazi ngisho funda ebhalwe ngamagama amakhulu.

Golomyanka uhlala nhlobo ekujuleni, futhi ezansi, futhi phezu kobuso. Ngakho-ke, it is ngokulinganayo bahlakazeka kulo lonke ikholomu amanzi. Le nhlanzi liwumthombo oyinhloko ukudla izimvu zamanzi, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ezithakazelisayo, kanye nezinye flora sendawo ezilwaneni nasezimileni zonke eChibini iBaikal.

uphawu

IBaikal uphawu uphawu kuphela kuleli zwe uhlala ngamanzi agobhozayo. Sabalalisa ke elizungeze ichibi, kodwa ikakhulukazi izingxenye zalo enkabeni nasenyakatho. Kuze kube manje, i-akhawunti ochwepheshe cishe eziyikhulu amakhanda zamanzi. Bahlaziya 50-130 kg kanye nobude umzimba zezinhlobo ngobukhulu ukufinyelela cishe amabili amamitha. Lezi zimpawu siphile iminyaka 55, futhi wapha golomyanka iBaikal gobies.

Lena inobungane, ezithakazelisayo futhi kulula ukuqeqesha isilwane. Seals ngokuvamile ukubhukuda kufika ku imikhumbi ukukhukhuleka isikhathi eside zitholakala eseduze. Ngokumangalisayo, la izimvu zamanzi sezifunde indlela yokuphefumula ngaphansi ice ngokusebenzisa izimbobo emoyeni. Forepaws bona likhiphe umgodi ububanzi amamitha amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane ngezikhathi kuyisusa nge ice ukugcina ubukhulu. Kodwa lena izimbobo umoya omkhulu, futhi bagcwele imithombo emhlabeni ezincane ezengeziwe.

Seal kuyinto phezulu eziwukudla semvelo zonke eChibini iBaikal. Ingozi kuphela indoda yakhe. Abazingeli ukubhubhisa omunye osemusha noboya ezimhlophe okuyinto abantu babemhlonipha kakhulu emibuthanweni yabo.

Barguzin Sable

Lena isilwane edume kutholakala hhayi kuphela echibini, kodwa futhi lonke leli hlathi yeRussia. Sobol ngokuthi igolide elithambile, ngoba noboya enhle, okuhlala, futhi ngenxa yalokho eqolo. A Barguzin bheka sibonga izikhumba emnyama ubhekwa iyisibusiso indali. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi silwane cishe saphela phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet, lapho beqala ukubhubhisa izimila ezingavamile nezilwane zonke eChibini iBaikal.

Sable akulona isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke, ubude umzimba ifinyelela mayelana ezimbili izinyawo. Kepha dvadtsatisantimetrovy umsila Fluffy futhi emuhle. Uncamela uhlala e-umsedari, sifinyelela ongenhla yetintsaba, emahlozini, futhi phakathi placers itshe. umsebenzi okuphezulu imibukiso Sable kusihlwa futhi ekuseni, ngesikhathi ekuzingeleni.

Izinyoni echibini iBaikal

Eduze zonke eChibini iBaikal akha ezivamile izinyoni zasehlathini, futhi echibini ngokwayo ngenxa yobuningi ukudla edonsela Anglers sogu lolwandle. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivamile amadada ukuthi uthanda ukuba babuthane phezu kwamanzi zibe umhlambi omkhulu. Lesi siqhingi enamadwala is ezinabantu abaningi nge seagull nangaphezulu emaphandleni evulekile ikhuphuka cormorants abamnyama. On osebeni asivamile ukubonwa ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi, screamers, goose, diver black iphimbo kanye izindwandwe grey.

maqondana Special kubantu bendawo amanqe. On iBaikal impilo yabo yezolimo eyisikhombisa. eagles It uPallas sika Fish Eagle, White-tailed, asemaqeleni izinkozi, Eagles dwarfs, ukhozi enkulu nezimanakanaka, izinkozi segolide, nokungcwaba. Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo kwenye indawo e-Asia.

Ngakho, kwakubhekwa njengento kafushane izimila nezilwane zonke eChibini iBaikal. Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho kutholakala izilwane kanye nezitshalo kule ndawo enhle kangaka.