St Andrew Cathedral Kronstadt: umlando, izithombe

Sikunikeza ukuba simazi kangcono omunye edume kakhulu amasonto Russian elinomlando ethakazelisa kakhulu. Cathedral St Andrew e Kronstadt - leliphupho zingafezeki kaPetru I. Le nkosi yabona inhlokodolobha Russian "like Amsterdam." isikhungo yayo yayisethafeni Vasilyevsky Island.

Umqondo sikaPeter Omkhulu

Kusukela 1716 kuya 1718 mayelana nokuthuthuka idolobha siye sachazwa indawo, lapho kwakufanele kube Cathedral St Andrew e Kronstadt. Kwakufanele sokwakha phambi amakolishi nambili. Ngakho-ke, ukuphila nekusasa lo mkhandlu wazibona njengoba maphakathi ushintsho esikhathini uPetru, eyayinesihloko senkululeko yenkolo. Ngakho-ke, Cathedral St Andrew e Kronstadt eyayihloselwe ukuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela abakhileyo ezweni lakithi: Orthodox, amaKatolika, amaLuthela, - kodwa futhi abezinye izizwe zibe oyibamba olulodwa ngaphandle kwemingcele, umphakathi wamaKristu. Ukwakhiwa kwamandla ayo wokuziphilisa uye wabonisa ubunye Christian Europe nesimo Russian.

Nokho, imizamo nguhulumeni futhi izikhulu walala Cathedral kaPetru mina yayiyize. Ngaphambi itshe lokuqala sabekwa isisekelo salo, kwathatha iminyaka amathathu.

Vasilevsky Island waze 1719

On Vasilevsky Island waze 1719 yayikhona cishe akukho izakhiwo, ngaphandle emakamelweni Menshikov nesonto lokhuni nabo, kanye settlement isiFulentshi, okuyinto lalihlala ababazi abantu bezinye izizwe. Ngemva 1719 waqala ukuba zakhiwe ukhuni netshe izakhiwo lomumo elivunyiwe ngu-Peter I.

Qala yokwakhiwa siqhingi

Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo, emiselwe ezibaluleke kakhulu endaweni esemthethweni (amabhodi), waqala ngo-1722. Lapha, kwi esigcawini phambi kwabo, kuKesari wayezimisele indawo ikusasa esontweni.

Catherine mina, unkosikazi kaPetru, ubukhosi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, izinhloso umlingani oshonile ahlukaniswa ngokuphelele. On Vasilyevsky Isiqhingi yi amabhlogo isikhathi izindlela esizayo nasemigwaqweni asetholakele kakade. Sikhishwe isidingo ukwakhiwa wesonto labo kuleso siqhingi, samukelwa isinqumo ukushintsha indawo yokwakha ikusasa. It enikeziwe ekhoneni imigqa 6th futhi Bolshoy Prospect, okuzokwenza ube isonto itshe nge sikhathi. Kodwa okokuqala, saqala ukwakhiwa sokhuni, okwesikhashana.

Isonto lokuqala

Bookmark isakhiwo 1728 laqedwa. Ukwakha kwaphothulwa ngo-1731. Kwakuyisikhathi eyodwa storey isonto nesizotha, ogama amafasitela walunguza eGrand Avenue. umbhali le project ayaziwa, kodwa munye kuthathwa ngokuthi kwaba George. Trezzini.

Ngo-1732, 8 Okthoba, Feofan Prokopovich busisa amabandla amasha kuwona igama Andreya Pervozvannogo. Abefundisi uyasho abapristi abathathu. Izakhamuzi Vasilyevsky Isiqhingi ngoNovemba 1733 ziye isibaluli esinqumweni iBhodi Ezingokomoya weSonto LaseSt Andrew. It wavakashelwa ubuso abaningi abadumile Petersburg, bekubonakala ngisho ifakwe endaweni wasebukhosini. Ngesikhathi izimfundiso onesizotha, aphethwe ngoJulayi 30, 1745, ke Bafunga Trediakovskii Lomonosov. Lelibandla kwaba ngaphansi ukusekelwa umndeni zombusi. Anna Ivanovna walithanda ngokuvakasha kwalona wesifazane. Waphelelwa imali nezinto zokusetshenziswa izambatho. A emathuneni encane owelama esontweni. Lapha, ngokwemfundiso yesiko, wembelwa BF Dolgoruky, yilungu lephalamende, omunye nabangane uPetru wehlelwe yini.

Ukwakhiwa isonto elisha itshe

Besonto e 1740 waphendukela Anne Ioannovne futhi ngamcela ukuba angifundele yokwakha isonto eduze itshe. edolobheni kabusha iKhomishana Apreli 5, 1740 ogunyazwe ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo itshe, manje ukufuthelana (e elidala kwakubanda kakhulu). Kakade ngawo lowo nyaka, ngo-April 21 ethulwa icebo. Umbhali wale phrojekthi nayo eyaziwa, kodwa umakhi O. P. Trezini Meyi 29 unolwazi ibhodi Ezingokomoya ukuthi isakhiwo kuyoba ngaphansi kophiko lwayo.

IThe Holy esiGungwini of the June 2, 1740 ogunyazwe ukwakhiwa, ethi isinqumo igama kuyoba ngemva ukwakhiwa. On ukwakhiwa isonto ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile sanikezwa ezihlukahlukene izinto, izinzipho lime, okuyinto wahlala emva ukulungisa izindlu Petersburg, lapho ayehlala khona le Ambassador Persian kanye nethimba lakhe.

Ngo-1760, 17 Okthoba, elalakhiwe itshe esontweni isitofu Ukushisa lanikezelwa ngo igama ezintathu iziKhulu. Cathedral St Andrew e Kronstadt itholakala ngendlu eceleni isakhiwo, ocingweni ohlangothini kwesokudla ke. Ibandla elisha itshe amabili-isakhiwo, letingemadayimenshini uhlelo, phezu setshe engaphansi. Isigubhu esincane, octagonal, iphansi zakhiwe nemengamo zamatshe Zokholo. Wathathwa ibandla emzini Menshikov iconostasis endaweni yayo wema kuze 1827, ngemva kwalokho kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo entsha ukuthi kwakunikelwa ngendawo esontweni endlini Titova, uMajor General. Esikhathini workshop FA Verkhovtseva ngamagugu ezaziwayo, wawenziwe ngo-1861 poods izambatho esiliva, senzelwe altare okusezingeni eliphezulu. Calvary isithombe nge abalekele amathathu ayevela ehlotshiswe ke.

10 izinsimbi phezu amabili abaphuma isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi lombhishobhi entsha. Ziyakwazi idume ukukhala labo elihle. Polyeleos futhi Uvuko - kufike komkhulu wabo. Cathedral loke nje lidume ngokuthunga iconostasis yayo ezibaziweyo wokhuni isitayela Baroque. Ngeshwa, umculi owabhala isithonjana koMsindisi (Grigoriya Bogoslova, Vasiliya Velikogo futhi Ioanna Zlatousta), futhi ayikaziwa.

kubekwa Nemikhosi yesonto itshe St. Andrew

inhlekelele enkulu kwenzeka ngo 1763, 4 Julayi. Isonto Ngokhuni St Andrew ku umbani wokhela. Wehluleka uvikele umlilo. EsiGungwini wavunyelwa ukwakha 6 Okthoba esikhundleni wokushiswa ngokhuni itshe isakhiwo Kronstadt St Andrew Cathedral. Umlando eningiliziwe ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo nge umbhoshongo isikhencezo amakhanda ezinhlanu, ngeshwa, akwaziwa. Ngo 1764, July 18, kwakukhona kubekwa zemikhosi lombhishobhi (ngezansi inikeza isithombe kuye).

Cathedral St Andrew e Kronstadt namuhla ibheka ngaleyo ndlela. A. I. Petrov, Petersburg mlando, uthi encwadini yakhe eyayinesihloko esithi "Umlando Petersburg" Alexei Ivanov kwaba umbhali yephrojekthi. Nokho, lokhu alikaqinisekiswa. Ayiqondakali kahle umlando emifanekisweni nokwakhiwa isonto elithile, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1766, August 8, yesontfweni ngesikhathi imisebenzi zigoqiwe Dome. Ukuhlela ukwakheka AF yayingazi, umbhali yephrojekthi, ukhalelwe ngamasongo kaSigonyela. Kwavela ukuthi wokugoqa abangela iphutha nombhali, futhi ikhwalithi embi izinto ezisetshenziselwa lombhishobhi yaqedwa. Izincwadi zezwe nabezenkolo, usuku oluqondile iqedwa ayicacisiwe, kodwa isakhiwo ngo-1950 wamiswa a qwembe lwesikhumbuzo, owawuthi, yayakhiwe kule minyaka 1764-1780 (wezakhiwo - Wiest).

isikhukhula

Ngemva kokuba kwenzeke uzamcolo ngo-1824, Cathedral emhumeni lagcwala amanzi. Abefundisi yamyala ukulala ukugwema izikhukhula kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo futhi ukuvala umnyango wangaphambili egumbini kuye abayizithulu.

ama-altare ngamatshe

Mashi 10, 1848 kwanqunywa ukuba unamathisele nhlangothi zombili altare itshe lombhishobhi. Kusho kubo zathathwa kusukela ayeke ukuza esontweni. Project Architect - H. Funisisa. Chapel kwelungelo kwaba egameni kweNyuka Our Lady, futhi kwesokunxele - egameni H. eMira. Bona babekwa 1848, ngomhla ka-July 31 futhi langcweliswa ezindaweni iminyaka emibili ku 15 Okthoba. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye yayibukeka njengesikhonyane, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, St Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt).

ISonto isiba eziyoba

Ngezithukuthuku abathengisi besonto AI Timenkova futhi V A. frolova ngawo-1850, izahluko ezinhlanu thempeli isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi babe eyayibhalwe futhi wambozwa hardware entsha. Interior umhlobiso lashintsha 1858. Labe kabusha ababulawa Umdwebo nemengamo nezindonga, senziwe kabusha le iconostasis, nomhlobiso eyayibhalwe phezu yayinamakhothamo kanye vaults. iconostasis Three-tiered ezenziwe, oqoshiwe, eyayibhalwe. Nane izithombe eziyizitezi lesibili nelesithathu abangu ngesineke ngokuhlangenwe umculi Shishkin. Iconographer Poshekhonov wabhala ezimbili isihlanganisi kuqala.

Kanye umkhandlu mfanekiso ophilayo Yakhiwa egcekeni indlu itshe. Wayengumuntu kuze kufinyelele 1826 esinezitezi ezimbili ezincane,. On imali zesonto ezisenhloko 1826 ukwakhela phansi yayo wesithathu.

Umlilo ngo-1897

Ngo-1897, July 24, cishe ngeleshumi nqo ebusuku, ku-isiqhingi kwabonakala sengathi siyakhazimula uqine ngokwanele. Iqiniso lokuthi ikhanyisa St Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt). Ukuze ethempelini baphuthuma izixuku, kukhona uhlangothi oluhlukile yacabanga mlilo. Uveza gilding of domes phakathi ukulungisa esilandelayo. Engxenyeni engenhla ngezizathu ezingaziwa yalo ivuthe umlilo isethi emhlabeni Dome of the thempeli a ugodo lokhuni. Ngemizamo le izicishamlilo abanesibindi futhi ezidiliziwe, kodwa ingxenye ophahleni ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlupheka.

Isiphetho Cathedral of St Andrew kule minyaka Soviet

Ngo-1918, ngo-January 23 ezamenyezelwa a SNK isimemezelo, owawuthi u esontweni ehlukanisiwe isimo. Kwakuthinta yayithi akukho ukuphila zenkolo futhi isonto ngeke ongenawo impahla. Yonke impahla yabo kwathiwa impahla kazwelonke. ISonto laphelelwa ithonya layo ku ezinhliziyweni nasezingqondweni asemasha, abazenzi kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, kusukela, ngokuvumelana lesi sinqumo lesi sikole azihlukanisa nesonto.

Ngemuva kokuvela izindawo zaleli zwe (kunazo zonke - the iVolga esifundeni) ingene shí isomiso kakhulu othi esebeké izigidi zabantu sisonqenqemeni kuyo ngenxa yendlala, uHulumeni waseSoviet Februwari 23, 1922 yakhipha isimemezelo. Zonke izinto eziyigugu isonto kwakufanele zizodonswa ku emathempelini ukuthi asetshenziswe isimo bayothenga okusanhlamvu phesheya.

Zonke amanani Andrew Cathedral kwadliwa ngoMashi 1922. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babapristi, ababemelene ke, baboshwa futhi yicala.

Amalungu amaningi asebenzayo ekuqaleni kuka-1938 waboshwa NKVD, bese uyiswa Levashovsky ugwadule. Kube badutshulwe. Cathedral Kronstadt St Andrew, isithombe okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi iphepha, yavalwa ngoMeyi 16, 1938. Besonto ephethwe bagibele i-plywood iconostasis namabhodi. Ngenxa yalokhu uyasinda kube yilolu suku lesi esifuze, okuyinto kufanele uyaziqhenya Kronstadt. Cathedral St Andrew, okwakubekelwa egcinwe manje iqoqo Museum, yaqashiswa iminyaka eminingi yi-Institute of Anthropology futhi Ethnography. Indlu ezintathu storey, okuyinto kuze 1974 lalihlala inzalo ka abapristi, elaphinde lahlala abantu.

asebuya isonto

Church of the Three iziKhulu eyabuyiswa Julayi 15, 1991. Wayiswa emphakathini Cathedral St Andrew phakade. nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva waqala ngo-1994, futhi namuhla St Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt) ibuyiselwe. Babedalelwene iziphambano ku belfry futhi Dome, ukufulela indawo, kanye ukulungisa wenziwe. Metal izingubo kwathengwa i-altare futhi isihlalo sobukhosi, kanye nezimpawu eziningi futhi amapuleti isonto.

Indawo kanye nesimiso amasevisi

Namuhla ibandla siyasebenza. Noma ungavakashela Cathedral St Andrew e Kronstadt. Ikheli: Vasilevsky Island, emgqeni 6th, 11. Opening amahora: nsuku zonke kusukela 9 ekuseni kuya ku-7 ntambama. Nganoma yiluphi usuku, ungakwazi ukuza isevisi eSt Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt). Luhlelo amasevisi ngendlela elandelayo: Inkonzo ebibanjelwe 10 ekuseni, izono - at 9:30, isevisi nakusihlwa ebibanjelwe 17 ezimpondweni.