St Michael Monastery: incazelo, umlando, umklamo, nemidwebo kanye yamatshe

Wezindela i-St Michael abode endala ezingcwele Kiev, kuhlanganisa isakhiwo esihle kakhulu ithempeli eziyinkimbinkimbi elalizokwakhiwa e igama Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli, umxhasi edolobheni. Ngaphezu undoubted kokufaneleka kwezobuciko futhi yokwakha isonto lombhishobhi engavamile yayo wayekhuthele ngowokuqala eRussia ethempelini Dome is camera ngegolide. Lokhu kwanika igama kulo lonke sezindela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Cathedral, ayakhiwe ngu Prince Svyatopolk

Kungenze ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi ukwakhiwa Isigodlo ehlangene egameni Metropolitan of Kiev, Mikhail, indoda ethanda inkolo abavelele babengasiqondi X leminyaka. Nokho, ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi edumile igolide-oluyingungu waqala kamuva nje kwaphela ikhulu leminyaka, phakathi nokubusa Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. Kokubhapathizwa, wethiwa elika uMichael, kanye nokwakhiwa esontweni kwakuzoba uphawu lokuthi ababaze ukuvelela othobekile pha upon him umxhasi wasezulwini.

Esakhiwe isikhulu zenzisa Cathedral labetibambile indawo ebalulekile empilweni izakhamuzi kanye Kiev kwaba ngaphansi ukusekelwa yasezulwini Arhangela Mihaila. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane St Michael Esiyigugu-oluyingungu Monastery, kule ezahlukene okuyinto wayeyilungu, kusukela ngekhulu XII baba endaweni yokungcwaba umndeni kwesikhulu lwabantu. Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo onkulunkulu, esibonisa ku tombstones yabo kuthatha isikhathi eside emlandweni Kievan Rus.

igolide Dome Okokuqala eRussia

Ngo 1108 isenzakalo esibalulekile okwenzeka impilo Isigodlo: kusukela enhlokodolobha WaseByzantium waseConstantinople bathunyelwa kuye izinsalela St uBarbara, okuyinto eyaba shrine eyinhloko yesigodlo. Ukuze le nkathi abacwaningi attribute nokuzalwa entsha ngesikhathi isiko yezakhiwo Dome eyayibhalwe. Church of St Arhangela Mihaila waba ngowokuqala eRussia, lapho abakhi imikhawulo lokhu kwakwenqatshelwe.

Ukungenelwa AmaTatar negunya Polish

Iphazamiseke isiphetho sezindela phakathi nokuhlaselwa yabahlaseli eziyinqaba. Phakathi kwabo, umonakalo omkhulu esigodlweni sezindela okubangelwa izindimbane AmaTatar yanqoba eKiev ngo 1482. Bashisa izakhiwo eziningi e-sezindela futhi wabhidliza amatshe ezikhumbuzo elingenakuqhathaniswa Old Umdwebo Russian kanye nemisebenti yekubhala.

Lapho Wezindela i-St Michael, kanye lonke Kiev, zawa ngaphansi nendawo ethile ye-amakhosi asePoland, ayenakho efuze ukuthi wabapha amandla okuba wokuqoka abbots futhi inikeza ekubusweni igunya nezenkolo basemasontweni nombusi ezingafanele. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni zibe ukuthuthukiswa yayo, futhi, ngokuvumelana izincwadi zomlando kwenkathi, kuya maphakathi nekhulu XVI, Isigodlo laba isikhungo ngobukhulu futhi elicebe benkolo Kiev.

Ukulwa Uniates

Ufakaze izehlakalo ezinkulu zalezi zikhathi Wezindela i-St Michael kwaqala ekuqaleni kuka XVII leminyaka, lapho iNkosi yase-Poland wamnika ifa Uniate - abameleli Greek Catholic Church, uzama ukusakaza usithonye ezindaweni eseningizimu futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia.

imizamo yabo ukuyokudla izigodi okuqondene sezindela futhi uqede le Cossacks izingalo owalwela amathempelana zooyise.

Igazi elachithwa abavikeli akemi ngeze. Ngenxa yesibindi sabo sezindela elaliphethwe iSonto Lobu-Orthodox, futhi wesigodlo yayo Jobe Boretsky wakhushulwa ukuba Metropolitan. Kwesobunxele ukuphila ngaphakathi kwezindonga yesigodlo, it is ngaleyo ndlela kakhulu anda isimo salo, okwenza iminyaka eminingi yokuhlala unomphela Metropolitan.

eminyaka Imicimbi XVII-XVIII

Ngakusasa esiteji ebalulekile empilweni Isigodlo kwaqala ngo-1654, lapho kwakukhona uxhumano Kiev nezindawo zakhe kuncike isimo Russian. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sezindela kaMichael elahlekile ingxenye izwe lalo izigodi, okuyinto babé impahla e-Commonwealth, ukulahlekelwa kwabo ezingaphezu kuka ihlawulelwa ne hetman kanye Cossack officer, sikukhiphe ohlwini ifa izindela ezindaweni ezinkulu, ise kwesokunxele-yasebhange Ukraine. Kusukela 1800 yesigodlo wayebuye yokuhlala uMmeleli Kyïv Diocese.

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka angu XVII-XVIII lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo usebhekene kabusha enkulu fashion sikhathi isitayela Baroque. Ngenxa yalokho imisebenzi yabantu basendulo, ngaphezulu isonto zangaphambi Mongol kuhlanganisiwe Cathedral of Monastery Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli St kuMichael. Kusukela bekuyicala kuphela altare Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba, izinsalela izindonga kanye Dome emaphakathi. Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa yamatshe lasendulo kanye nemidwebo ukuthi kuhlobisa izindonga zethempeli. Sikhetha ufundwa izazimlando zobuciko, baye kusukela asusiwe futhi ibuyiselwe.

Ukukhunjulwa Kwalabo umlando wangaphambi mbuso ka wezindela, ingasaphathwa it fanele kuze sezindela eyakhelwe eduze Kiev, futhi iseduze esigodlweni sakhe eponymous, lihunyushwe 1712 kwi umphetho. Lokhu sezindela ongcwele futhi wasungula yokudumisa ongumvikeli edolobheni - Arhangela Mihaila.

Ukubhujiswa Cathedral phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet

Akekho amaTartar, futhi abanqobi bakwamanye amazwe Wezindela i-St Michael akuzange wahlupheka ukulahlekelwa okunjalo ungalungiseki, kokubili kusuka izakhamuzi zayo libhaliswe ku kwamaSoviet ubuhlanya yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Lapho inhlokodolobha Ukrainian yasuka laseKharkov eKiev, futhi Kwangithatha isikhala ukwakhiwa ehhovisi, iziphathimandla republic ngaphambilini ukuthi lowo muntu adilize lombhishobhi ubudala.

Naphezu kwakho konke ezama ukugcina art ekubhujisweni isakhiwo sasendulo esiyingqayizivele, e 1934-1936, umsebenzi ku Ukudilizwa yayo Kwakuseshwa. Mosaics kanye nemidwebo ye lombhishobhi St Michael Esiyigugu-oluyingungu Monastery ngakwazi ukubona kancane agciniwe. Baye baqiniswa ngesisekelo entsha bese ifakwa St Sophia Cathedral, etholakala maphakathi Kiev.

amathempelana Orthodox, okuyinto baye baba Museum izingcezu

Ukuze asindise mural KaMose "uKwamukelisa" kwadingeka ukwakha zasendlini embukisweni ehholo St. UZandile Cathedral odongeni, ncamashi baveze le zomhlangano we Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba engcwele Michael Church. Okunye izinsalela yamatshe kanye nemidwebo kufakwe amaqoqo iminyuziyamu e Moscow, Leningrad futhi Kiev.

Phakathi kweJalimane we yamatshe kanye nemidwebo ehlotshisiwe iSt kaMichael Monastery, bayiswa eJalimane. Ngemva kwempi zabuyela ezweni lethu, kodwa hhayi ukuba loMfula Dnieper, futhi Museum amaqoqo kweminye imizi. Izinsalela St. UBarbara, amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, kuyinto shrine eyinhloko yesigodlo, kusukela ekuqaleni sixties bangcwatshwe e le uVladimir Cathedral Kiev. Isithombe KaMose Wezindela i-St Michael kungabhekwa e Moscow, Leningrad futhi Novgorod.

Kumelwe kuphawulwe qiniso elibuhlungu kakhulu. Loluhlelo ukwakha isakhiwo sokuphatha indawo lapho ngaphambili kwaba lombhishobhi eyinhloko Wezindela i-St Michael, ayizange awenziwanga. Ukubhubhisa lesikhumbuzo ebaluleke kunayo lasendulo izakhiwo zethempeli, amandla kwesokunxele endaweni yayo yokulahle phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet abonisa isimo sabo sengqondo ngesihluku kumlando yabo.

savuka shrine

Kabusha e nineties sekwephuzile ngokufaka umakhi Yu Lissitzky, inikezela ithempeli ngo-May 30, 1999. It wabuya izinto eziningi umhlobiso wangaphambili, izitolo kuze kube yileso sikhathi eminyuziyamu wezwe pediment ehlotshisiwe ikhophi ebaziwe lasendulo Arhangela Mihaila.

I belfry, ukusungulwa ngokuvumelana nomfanekiso lasendulo, usethe ithuluzi yesimanje zomculo - a carillon. Ngosizo abaculi professional enze Ukwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingokomoya.