Surrealism: isithombe kanye isiqondiso yezinjongo eziyinhloko

ukunyakaza Surrealist yasungulwa ngo-1920 e-Paris yiqembu elincane of abalobi kanye nabadlali abathile abase ukusebenzisa indlela entsha yokudlulisela umcabango okungalawuleki enganakile. Surrealism zobuciko waba ukunyakaza bokusungula ngamazwe. Abaculi ukuboniswa izigcawu okungenangqondo ngokunemba enezithombe, ukudala izidalwa babezizwe tintfo letisetjentiswa malanga onkhe kanye namanje sicabangele umsebenzi wabo ukubonakaliswa ukunyakaza zefilosofi.

Iqembu abanazo

Igama elithi "surrealist" livele Guillaume Apollinaire, futhi okokuqala lalibukeka ngayo esethulweni kuya play wakhe. Futhi in the art bale nhlangano ke lalimisa ngokomthetho ngo-1924, lapho u-Andre Breton wabhala Manifesto of surrealism. Kuyo, wasikisela ukuba umculi kufanele afune ukuthola umqondo wakho enganakile futhi ilapho, futhi iphefumlelwe.

Andre yakha emhlabeni abanazo iqembu. Lawa kwakungamadodana nabantu abangasithandi amahlebezi ukuthi yini surrealism. Isithombe wabo yaba undab 'uzekwayo anhlobonhlobo ababukeli. It is owaziwa abaculi Zhan Arp futhi uMax Ernst. Kodwa kwakungabafundi futhi abalobi kanye izimbongi ezifana filipp Supo, Louis Aragon, nabanye abaningi. Futhi laba bantu babecabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wabo nje kuphela ukwakha entsha isiqondiso 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, kodwa ukushintsha impilo okushintsha umhlaba.

Laba bameleli be-edume kakhulu isiqondiso

Andre Breton - umhlaziyi Surrealist - Ngicabanga ukuthi lo mkhuba uyobhubhisa umugqa othile emkhatsini ngokoqobo amaphupho, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kukhona superreality. Yena wayelokhu ezama uhlangane kwelinye Surrealists, kodwa phakathi kwazo kwakukhona agumenti engapheli, ukungavumelani ezihlukahlukene, abaningi Yilowo nalowo wayeletha namanye amacala mutual, futhi ngokuvamile ngisho ukuwakhipha kusuka ezinhlwini zabo ababhikishi futhi abaphikisi bombuso.

Surrealism yayisekelwe theory Freud sika, okuhlanganisa izinhlangano we ndlela futhi ushintsho ezweni ingqondo enganakile. Noma kunjalo, isithombe isitayela surrealism babe kokungafani okukhulu kuye umlobi. Dali, isibonelo, ngokunemba enezithombe uzama ukudlulisela yonke imininingwane ephathelene nomsebenzi wakhe, okuyinto ngokuvamile sifana a nightmare.

UMax Ernst wabhala emidwebweni yakhe sengathi ngokuzenzakalelayo, ivimbele ngokuphelele engqondweni. Ngokwenza kanjalo-ke ukusungulwa abanye ngaleyo ndlela engafanele, ngokuyisisekelo ukudala umbono we Abstraction ezithile. Kodwa Jean Miro, omunye umculi ezasekela surrealism imidwebo kwawo yayiphawuleka hhayi kuphela ezihlukahlukene zalo, kodwa futhi ngokwenama imibala.

izitayela amabili ehlanganisiwe, noma indlela yokubhala amaphethini

Surrealism zazandile ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi. Khona-ke abalandeli bakhe bathuthela emazweni ahlukene futhi uvele hhayi kuphela e-Europe kodwa e-United States. Lokunye lokubaluleke ngalokulinganako, kulomkhakha surrealism analo Dadaism, nesuka ku Zurich ngo-1916. Dadaists lokuqala wasebenzisa indlela sishaye ngopende on aphethe, siyivumele ukuba basakaze chaotically. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sithola ezihlukahlukene ukucupha, azwakalisa umbono umdwebi.

Futhi esikhathini 1920, ngokuhlanganiswa Dadaists surrealists ibe ukugeleza olulodwa. Kodwa amakhosi abadumile, ngubani ababethi isitayela surrealism, akafunanga ukusebenzisa izindlela bakudala yokukhuluma ngemisebenzi yakhe. Basaqhubeka ayethanda ukufuna i isimo sangaphakathi ezinjalo, uma kukhona ukuvala shaqa okuphelele ingqondo, into efana self-hypnosis. Futhi kulezi zikhathi ukudala yobuciko zabo. Izindlela oyisebenzise nomculi odumile Salvador Dali, ababethanda ukupenda ngokushesha ngemuva kokulala, lapho ubuchopho ayikahlanganiswa ebugqilini isipiliyoni nightlife. Futhi ngokuvamile ngiphaphama phakathi nobusuku, futhi ukudala ngomunye futhi umsebenzi wobuciko.

Surrealism: Salvador isithombe

Kwakungekho isihloko ngeke kuthinte umsebenzi uDali. Lena i-ibhomu le-athomu, futhi izimpi zombango, isayensi, ubuciko, ngisho ukupheka abavamile. Futhi cishe yonke sikhule size sibe into eyayingenziwa neze, ukuthi kungahlali ekuqondeni noma ubani onengqondo ehluzekile.

Abaningi imisebenzi Salvador kuhlanganiswe izithombe ezihluke ngokuphelele, futhi ngesakhiwo zifana Indwangu mkhuba Paranoid. Ngokwesibonelo, lo mdwebo "Imfihlakalo elingapheli" futhi "Gala Inqaba e Púbol." Noma kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi uDali luyinhlanganisela nezimnandi shades kanye nemibala.

Inhloso esemqoka Surrealism

Dala ngandlela-thile yinqaba ukuthi alihambisani amazinga olwamukelwa, futhi ibilokhu umgomo oyinhloko, okuyinto wamukela surrealism. Isithombe ababethi lesi sitayela, bekufanele amele Ezilalelini kwakukhona izithombe ukukukholelwa. Indlela umbhali umsebenzi ubona into ethile empeleni kwemvelo, kodwa hhayi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

surrealism Modern namanje Ubamba iso lababukeli eziningi ngemifanekiso zayo engavamile futhi ezimibalabala. Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, kukhona isitayela emhlabeni wezobuciko abaculi basazama ukudala ezinye izithombe kwemvelo ukuthi sidonse amehlo abayithandayo of lesi sitayela.